Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sprague-Dawley rats given bolus intravenous injections of vasoconstrictors, including 1-deamino-Arg8-vasopressin (dAVP), demonstrated remarkable increases in plasma immunoreactivity (APir) to atriopeptin (AP). These elevations were accompanied by increases in systemic blood pressure, right atrial pressure and urinary volume excretion. Fractionated plasma APir peaks obtained by stimulation with dAVP were identified as primarily AP 28, with a smaller amount of AP 24, suggesting that AP 28 is the predominant circulating atrial peptide. Rats with reduced renal mass have increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rates (GFR). Despite these increases, AP 24 stimulated a marked increase in total GFR and promoted a profound natriuresis and diuresis. Atriopeptin 24 may therefore have potential as a therapeutic tool in the management of volume overload in chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Atriopeptins: circulating volume regulatory hormones with potential therapeutic role in chronic renal failure. 294 35

Plasma levels of immunoreactive alpha human atrial natriuretic peptide (IR-ANP) were measured in nine patients with chronic renal failure before and after removal of 1.3-3.7 litres of fluid by ultrafiltration and again during volume repletion with intravenous sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l: saline). Baseline levels of IR-ANP were elevated but fell by 22% during ultrafiltration. Saline infusion induced a rapid and steep rise in IR-ANP levels which were 150% of baseline while body weight was still 2% below baseline. Changes in plasma renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and vasopressin during the study were slight compared with the change in IR-ANP, but noradrenaline levels rose threefold during ultrafiltration. There was a significant positive relationship between arterial pressure and IR-ANP levels before and after ultrafiltration. These results lend support to the suggestion that atrial peptides are of physiological importance, especially in states of chronic fluid overload such as chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Exaggerated responsiveness of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide to saline infusion in chronic renal failure. 294 53

Atrial natriuretic factor, plasma renin activity, and plasma vasopressin were measured in 38 patients with chronic renal failure prior to and after hemodialysis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of acute volume changes on the level of atrial natriuretic factor. Blood pressure prior to dialysis was 154 +/-/83 +/- mmHg, and 132 +/-/78 +/- mmHg post dialysis (p less than 0.005) while heart rate increased from 82.5 +/- 1.8 beats per minute to 91.2 +/- 2.4 after dialysis (p less than 0.005). The average weight of patients was reduced from 60.2 +/- 2.4 kg to 57.8 +/- 2.4 kg (p less than 0.005). While the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor in normal individuals were 65.3 +/- 2.9 pg/ml (n = 59), these levels were 251.4 +/- 28 pg/ml prior to dialysis in the patients with renal failure, and 173.3 +/- 18.0 pg/ml after dialysis (p less than 0.005). Twenty-nine patients had a reduction in the levels of this atrial natriuretic factor, 5 had no change, and 4 had an increase. The atrial factor was not detected in the dialysate fluid of 6 patients in whom it was measured. Peripheral renin values were unchanged from 2.12 +/- 0.68 to 2.07 +/- 0.8 ng/ml/hr. Plasma vasopressin before dialysis was significantly higher than normal, and increased from 7.04 +/- 0.56 to 9.95 +/- 1.55 pg/ml following dialysis (p less than 0.05). The changes in atrial natriuretic factor values correlated most significantly (r = 0.47, p less than 0.005) with the changes in weight, but no single variable could explain the changes in atrial natriuretic factor.
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PMID:Influence of hemodialysis on the plasma levels of the atrial natriuretic factor in chronic renal failure. 295 3

A reduced duration of activity of local anesthetic drugs in patients with chronic renal failure has been described by several authors. Because surgical duration is not always predictable and these patients must be classified as high-risk patients (ASA physical status III-IV), reduced effectiveness may be a significant problem in clinical practice. Various reasons have been discussed as possible explanations for this phenomenon such as: (1) uremia-induced changes in acid-base status of blood and tissue, (2) alterations in protein-binding; and (3) changes in hemodynamic parameters. However, we have not been able to find any severe changes in electrolyte or acid-base status in patients with chronic renal failure after adequate hemodialysis. We wondered, therefore, whether changes in tissue pH might be one cause of the shorter duration of action of anesthetic drugs. We also examined some other pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of the anesthetic drug in order to find differences in comparison to healthy patients. Supraclavicular brachial blockade (3 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5% + 0.1 IU vasopressin/ml) was performed in 11 patients with chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis who were admitted to the hospital for a shunt operation in the forearm. The control group consisted of 11 healthy patients who were admitted for minor hand surgery. Preoperative blood samples were taken for measurement of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, lactate, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and an arterial blood gas duration of action was defined as the time to full recovery of sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The action of bupivacaine-HCl following supraclavicular plexus block in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency]. 341 3

Levels of immunoreactive (IR) oxytocin (OT)-associated or estrogen-stimulated neurophysin (ESN) and vasopressin-associated or nicotine-stimulated neurophysin (NSN) were measured in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis (HD) and intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ESN-IR in 17 patients before HD was 24.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) and increased after HD to 33.2 +/- 4.1 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). ESN-IR in 17 patients with CAPD was 15.2 +/- 3.4 ng/ml, significantly lower than in patients undergoing HD, P less than 0.001. In patients receiving IPD (n = 6), ESN was 11.6 +/- 3.7 ng/ml and did not change significantly after IPD. Levels of ESN in patients with renal failure were increased compared with levels in normal individuals, 1.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml. Levels of ESN were not correlated with laboratory parameters that may be abnormal in renal failure. NSN levels in 16 of 17 patients undergoing HD were 3.2 +/- 0.34 ng/ml and in 14 of 17 patients with CAPD were 2.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, respectively. ESN before HD (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01), after HD (r = 0.85, P less than 0.001), and in patients with CAPD (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001) and IPD (r = 0.81, P less than 0.05) correlated significantly with an OT-like peptide previously found to be increased in renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:High-performance liquid chromatographic characterization of neurophysins in chronic renal failure. 365 23

The systemic effects of local anesthetic drugs, especially bupivacaine, on myocardial conduction and the increase of cardiotoxicity by hypoxemia, acidosis, and hyperkalemia has been proven in numerous animal experiments. In our department, supraclavicular brachial block with bupivacaine is the method of choice for patients with chronic renal failure requiring operations of the upper limb. The question may be raised whether or not these patients with their concomitant disease--electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, uremic cardiomyopathy--are especially endangered by the use of this drug. Supraclavicular brachial blockade (3 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5% + 0.1 IU vasopressin/ml) was performed in 10 patients with chronic renal failure requiring hemodialysis. The control group consisted of 10 healthy patients who were admitted for minor hand surgery. Preoperative blood samples were taken for measurements of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, and arterial blood gas analysis. Long-term ECG monitoring begun 20 min before injection of the block and continued over a total of 200 min. Serum concentrations of bupivacaine were determined at 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after injection. Comparing the two groups, no severe changes in electrolytes or acid-base status could be found despite some statistical significances. Even though bupivacaine serum concentrations proved to be 3 times higher in the study group than in the control group, no changes in cardiac conduction could be registered. We conclude that bupivacaine is as safe in dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure with regard to possible changes in circulatory parameters and myocardial conduction as in healthy patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Comparative study of circulatory and ECG-changes after supraclavicular plexus block with bupivacaine-HCl 0.5 per cent in patients with chronic kidney failure]. 365 36

The purpose of the study was to clarify the mechanism(s) of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. Hypertension was induced in rats by single i.m. injection of methylprednisolone (MP) 20 mg/kg. In normal Wistar rats, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased by 30 mmHg from days 2 to 10 after MP. Urinary sodium excretion increased transiently and sodium balance was negative. Plasma volume (PV; ml/100 g body weight) increased on day 5, but was unchanged on day 2 after MP, at a time when SBP had already increased. In rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) and low sodium intake, SBP increased more than in control rats (48 versus 22 mmHg on day 10). Hypertension was not accompanied by a significant drop in urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; measured by radio-immunoassay). In normal MP-injected rats, PGE2 excretion decreased slightly and then increased; in CRF rats, basal PGE2 excretion was too low to evaluate the effect of MP. In homozygous Brattleboro rats lacking antidiuretic hormone (ADH), MP increased SBP by 28 mmHg (day 10). Similar changes were obtained in heterozygous Brattleboro rats. The changes in PV were identical to those found in Wistar rats. We conclude that increase in PV, change in PGE2 and vasopressin do not play a key role in MP hypertension. Direct effect of glucocorticoid on vascular receptors is likely to be involved in this model.
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PMID:Methylprednisolone-induced hypertension in the rat: evidence against the role of plasma volume changes, vasopressin and renal prostaglandin E2. 386 57

ACTH and lipotropins (beta- and gamma-LPH) are synthesized from a common precursor by the pituitary corticotropic cell. We have measured LPH plasma levels under physiological and pathological conditions and we have compared them with ACTH plasma levels in the same circumstances. Spontaneous variations (nycthemeral rhythm) in LPH, ACTH and cortisol plasma levels were parallel, while responses to Dexamethasone freination test and stress (Insulin induced hypoglycemia) or more specific stimulation (Metopirone, lysine-vasopressin) were parallel and superimposable. LPH levels were always higher than ACTH levels in two pathological circumstances: chronic renal failure and Cushing's syndromes with ectopic ACTH producing tumors. The determination of both ACTH and LPH levels assists the diagnosis of corticotropic insufficiency and etiologic investigation of Cushing's syndrome, after hypercorticolism had been established. Although unable to confirm the presence of corticotropic adenoma in patients with Cushing's disease, or the predict effectiveness of pituitary surgery, these determination bring good arguments for treated Cushing's diseases follow up.
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PMID:[ACTH, beta-endorphin and lipotropins: physiopathological studies in man (author's transl)]. 628 91

Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, vasopressin and catecholamines were measured in 15 children (ages 7.3 to 16.2 years) with chronic renal failure (CRF) before and after one session of hemodialysis and in 15 control children. Basal levels of PRA and aldosterone in children with CRF did not differ significantly from control values, but showed a wider range. Uremic patients with nephronophthisis showed the highest basal PRA and aldosterone levels. In children with CRF, basal vasopressin levels were significantly higher (9.7 +/- [SEM] 2.0 ng/liter) than control values (3.2 +/- 0.8 ng/liter). Plasma noradrenalin and adrenalin concentrations were similar in children with CRF and controls. During hemodialysis, a fall in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate was observed in all children. PRA and catecholamines increased twofold to fivefold during dialysis while aldosterone and vasopressin showed a variable response. In contrast to reports in adults, there is no evidence for an insufficiency of vasoactive hormones or of the sympathetic nervous system in children on hemodialysis.
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PMID:Vasoactive hormones in children with chronic renal failure. 636 49

In a randomized double-blind cross-over trial we gave either 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin or placebo to 12 patients with uremia, hemorrhagic tendencies, and prolonged bleeding times. After vasopressin infusion, all patients had shortened bleeding times, with the effect lasting for at least four hours in most cases. Platelet count, platelet cyclic AMP levels, platelet retention on glass beads, plasma fibronectin, serum thromboxane B2 and residual prothrombin, hematocrit, and plasma osmolarity were unchanged after vasopressin. A consistent post-infusion increase in factor VIII coagulant activity and, to a lesser extent, in factor VIII-related antigen and ristocetin cofactor accompanied the shortening of bleeding time. In addition, vasopressin induced the appearance in plasma of larger von Willebrand-factor multimers than those present in the resting state. The compound was given to nine additional patients with acute or chronic renal failure and prolonged bleeding times, before major surgery or renal biopsy. In these patients, shortening of the bleeding time was associated with normal hemostasis. Our findings indicate that 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin can be used for temporary correction of bleeding time and may prevent surgical bleeding in patients with uremia.
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PMID:Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin shortens the bleeding time in uremia. 640 Nov 93


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