Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The central ganglia of a number of gastropod molluscs (including the marine snail Aplysia californica and the terrestrial snail Helix pomatia) contain neurones which exhibit endogenous patterns of oscillatory activity. 2. This oscillatory activity can be modulated for long periods of time by synaptic and hormonal stimulation. 3. Stimulation of appropriate pre-synaptic nerves causes long-lasting hyperpolarization in these neurones, with complete abolition of oscillatory activity. This synaptic response is mediated by an increase in K+ conductance, together with a decrease in inward (Na+/Ca2+) conductance. The ionic conductances affected by synaptic stimulation are those responsible for producing the rhythmic oscillations. 4. The oscillatory activity can also be modulated by the vertebrate neurohyophyseal peptides, vasopressin and oxytocin, and by an endogenous peptide-containing extract of molluscan ganglia. In contrast to synaptic stimulation, these agents cause an increase in oscillatory activity. 5. The endogenous molluscan factor which produces an increase in oscillatory activity can be purified by affinity chromatography on bovine neurophysin linked to Sepharose. This indicates that the molluscan nervous system may contain a neurohypophyseal-like peptide. 6. Oscillatory activity can be modulated by manipulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in these neurones. Increases in cAMP alone are associated with abolition of oscillatory activity; this mimics long-lasting synaptic hyperpolarization. Increases in cAMP and cGMP together are associated with an increase in oscillatory activity and mimic the effects of the vertebrate and molluscan peptides. Thus, it is possible that cyclic nucleotides play a role in these physiological responses.
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PMID:Synaptic and hormonal modulation of a neuronal oscillator: a search for molecular mechanisms. 51 75

Chromatographic and immunological evidence indicates that a vasopressin-like peptide might be present in the CNS of Aplysia californica, and that this peptide may be involved in modulating the behaviour of the gill. Immunocytochemical techniques using antisera raised against various vasopressin-like peptides were used to localize the sites containing these peptides in the CNS of Aplysia. Vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was found to be restricted to one single neuron in the abdominal ganglion and two small neurons located bilaterally in each pedal ganglion. Immunoreactive fibres were present in the neuropile of the abdominal, pedal, pleural and cerebral ganglia, but not in the buccal ganglion. The identification of these neurons provides a morphological localization for vasopressin-like substances detected previously in CNS extracts of Aplysia californica. In addition, the possibility of electrophysiological studies involving the immunoreactive neurons identified in the present paper will allow a more direct approach to study the physiological role of vasopressin-like peptides in Aplysia.
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PMID:Localization of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the CNS of Aplysia californica. 140 12

Superfusion of an invertebrate vasopressin structural analogue, conopressin G, over the abdominal ganglion of an in vitro preparation of Aplysia californica has significant neurophysiological and behavioral effects. Both the amplitude of the siphon-evoked gill withdrawal reflux and concomitant activity in gill motor neurons are reduced in the presence of conopressin G. Moreover, the frequency of spontaneous gill movements and their neural correlate, interneuron II activity, are increased. These behavioral modifications strongly resemble those that occur during the food-aroused behavioral state in intact Aplysia. In addition, conopressin G superfusion reduces both the excitability of gill motor neurons and the strength of gill contractions in response to gill motor neuron discharges elicited by direct depolarizing current. A role for conopressin G or a similar peptide in the modulation of gill behaviors associated with the food-aroused state is suggested.
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PMID:Conopressin G, a molluscan vasopressin-like peptide, alters gill behaviors in Aplysia. 152 Nov 79

The presence of a vasopressin (VP)- or vasotocin (VT)-like peptide in the central nervous system of the gastropod mollusc Aplysia has been indicated previously. In the case of Aplysia californica, HPLC and RIA evidence suggested the peptide was VT-like but not identical with the nonmammalian vertebrate peptide [Arg8]VT (AVT). In the present study, anterior ganglia extracts from the related species Aplysia kurodai were analyzed by HPLC followed by RIA. Further analysis of the major AVT-IR peak showed it to be indistinguishable, in three distinct solvent systems, from the sea snail venom peptide Lys-conopressin G, but to be different from the vertebrate peptides [Arg8]VP (AVP), [Lys8]VP (LVP), AVT, oxytocin (OT), mesotocin, isotocin, aspargtocin, glumitocin, and valitocin, from the sea snail venom peptide Arg-conopressin S, and from the peptides [Lys8]VT and [Gln8]OT. In addition, the carboxymethylated (CM) A. kurodai peptide had the same HPLC retention time as CM-Lys-conopressin G. The HPLC/RIA results suggest that (i) based on the properties of the solvent systems used, the A. kurodai peptide has two basic amino acids (like the conopressins but unlike the vertebrate peptides), and (ii) there is a high probability that the A. kurodai peptide is identical with Lys-conopressin G.
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PMID:A vasotocin-like peptide in Aplysia kurodai ganglia: HPLC and RIA evidence for its identity with Lys-conopressin G. 152 58

1. A phylogenetic study of arg-vasotocin (AVT)/arg-vasopressin (AVP)-like immunoreactive cells was performed by the PAP method in the central nervous system of invertebrates. 2. The immunoreactivity was detected in the nerve cells of Hydra magnipapillata of the Coelenterata; Neanthes japonica and Pheretima communissima of the Annelida; Pomacea canaliculata, Aplysia kurodai, Oncidium verrucosum, Bradybaena similaris, Achatina fulica, Limax marginatus and Meretrix lamarckii of the Mollusca; Gnorimosphaeroma rayi, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, Gryllus bimaculatus and Baratha brassicae of the Arthropoda; Asterina pectinifera of the Echinodermata; and Halocynthia roretzi of the Protochordata. 3. No immunoreactivity was detected in Bipalium sp. of the Platyhelminthes, or in Procambarus clarkii and Helice tridens of the Arthropoda. 4. From these results, it appears that AVT/AVP is a phylogenetically ancient peptide which is present in a wide variety of invertebrates. 5. The actions of AVT/AVP and its presence in invertebrates are discussed.
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PMID:Phylogenetic study of the arginine-vasotocin/arginine-vasopressin-like immunoreactive system in invertebrates. 290 40

In the present study, we describe the structure of the central nervous system (CNS) of the marine gastropod Bulla gouldiana, and compare it with the structure of the CNS of the related mollusc, Aplysia californica. In addition, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of a series of peptides, and the synaptic vesicle protein, synapsin I, in the central nervous system of B. gouldiana. The most common peptide in the B. gouldiana nervous system is the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide (FMRFamide), which is present in a significant proportion of B. gouldiana neurons. A smaller number of neurons exhibit immunoreactivity to antisera raised against the calcitonin gene related peptide, vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, galanin and enkephalin. In some instances there is colocalization of two or more peptides. Very few neurons or axons exhibit synapsin I-like immunoreactivity. The patterns of immunoreactivity to these antisera is quite similar to the patterns that have been described in other gastropods, including Lymnaea stagnalis and Aplysia californica. These observations emphasize the importance of FMRFamide-like compounds in phylogenetically old nervous systems and indicate that compounds similar to mammalian peptides are present in the gastropod. Thus, the production of a wide variety of peptide molecules and their use in neuronal function appears to be a highly conserved phylogenetic process.
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PMID:The central nervous system of Bulla gouldiana: peptide localization. 307 58

Attention is focused on the similarities in primary structure of the egg-laying neurohormone of the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis and of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica which both consist of 36 amino acid residues. FMRFamide-like peptides have now been isolated and sequenced from six molluscan species. Besides FMRFamide, two closely related peptides were isolated from the central nervous system of L. stagnalis and sequenced. This indicates that a family of FMRFamide-like peptides exist not only in the molluscs, but also within one species. A molluscan growth hormone, isolated from the brain of L. stagnalis, has been characterized. This small peptide hormone stimulates in vitro a receptor-adenylate cyclase system of mantle edge cells and in vivo the Ca2+-incorporation in the shell edge. The biochemical characterization of three vertebrate-like peptides of L. stagnalis, resembling oxytocin, Arg-vasopressin, and insulin, confirms the immunological findings that gastropods contain peptides which are structurally closely related to mammalian peptides.
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PMID:Molecular properties of various snail peptides from brain and gut. 391 18

Extracts of cerebral and pleuro-pedal ganglia from two terrestrial slugs, Ariolimax columbianus and Limax maximus, and from the marine opisthobranch, Aplysia californica, contain immunoreactivity resembling that of a vasotocin or vasopressin. Radioimmunoassays using several antisera indicate that the immunoreactivity is not due to vasotocin, vasopressin, or any other known naturally occurring neurohypophyseal peptide. Immunoreactivity of extracts on a relatively nonspecific vasopressin antiserum is well correlated with activity on antidiuretic assays on rats. Both immunoreactivity and antidiuretic activity are adsorbed onto bovine neurophysin affinity columns. Thus these extracts contain one or more peptides that closely resemble the vertebrate antidiuretic hormones, vasotocin and vasopressin, both immunologically and pharmacologically. The amounts of immunoreactivity and antidiuretic activity in ganglion extracts do not appear to change during dehydration and rehydration. Although both ganglionic extracts and vasotocin stimulate exudation of fluid across the slug body wall, the present experiments provide no evidence that the vasotocin-like material(s) in these ganglia may participate as neurotransmitters or hormones in the regulation of fluid balance. This remains an attractive hypothesis.
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PMID:Immunological and biological characteristics of the vasotocin-like activity in the head ganglia of gastropod molluscs. 672 97

Exposure of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia to arginine vasopressin (10(-12) M) reduces the amplitude of the gill withdrawal reflex, accelerates its rate of habituation, and causes a concomitant decrease in the number of action potentials evoked in gill motor neuron L7. The effects of vasopressin on both the reflex and the concomitant neural activity evoked in L7 were completely reversible. Vasopressin did not affect the passive membrane properties of L7. The results indicate that a vertebrate neurohypophyseal hormone can affect behavioural responses as well as modify the synaptic efficacy of the reflex pathway.
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PMID:Vasopressin increases the central nervous system suppressive control over gill reflex behaviours and associated neural activity in Aplysia. 741 89