Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to examine the morphological substrates for neuronal connections between cells of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that contain immunoreactivity for different neurotransmitters, a double ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis was used. For double immunostaining, the first neuroactive substance antigen was labeled with gold-substituted silver-intensified peroxidase (GSSP), which results in a granular gold deposit of high electron and light opacity. The second antigen was labeled with peroxidase and a diaminobenzidine chromagen. The GSSP reaction product greatly increased the visibility of immunoreactive structures, with both light and electron microscopy. Intensification with the GSSP method worked at all depths of thick tissue sections as determined with analysis of immunostained sections cut perpendicular to their flat surface, and with analysis of thick 80-micron sections of brain tissue into which horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been microinjected. On a nitrocellulose dot-blot comparison of different substrates for HRP, the GSSP intensification compared favorably with tetramethylbenzidine, but unlike tetramethylbenzidine, the GSSP was stable in a wide range of buffers. In addition to diaminobenzidine, the GSSP reaction was used to intensify and stabilize both the Hanker-Yates reagent and tetramethylbenzidine on the nitrocellulose model system. Through the use of the GSSP reaction, five new synaptic relationships in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were revealed. By increasing the sensitivity of the peroxidase method by silver-gold intensification, immunoreaction product could be found in dendrites at a greater distance from the perikaryon than in nonintensified material. Because of this greater sensitivity, the neuroactive substance contained in the cell of origin of a dendrite could sometimes be identified. Boutons immunoreactive for vasopressin-associated neurophysin were found to make synaptic contact with postsynaptic dendrites that also contained vasopressin-neurophysin immunoreactivity. Similarly, boutons containing gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity made synaptic contact with cells also exhibiting gastrin-releasing peptide immunoreactivity. Neurons stained with GSSP reaction product could be easily discriminated from those containing only HRP-precipitated diaminobenzidine, allowing the simultaneous use of these two markers in the same 30-micron tissue section and subsequently in ultrathin sections for electron microscopy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Synaptic relationships between neurons containing vasopressin, gastrin-releasing peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: dual ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with gold-substituted silver peroxidase. 287 14

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/bombesin, somatostatin, vasopressin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and serotonin was examined immunohistochemically in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of male rats genetically deficient for vasopressin (Brattleboro strain). VIP-containing neurons and their varicose fibers were preferentially distributed in large numbers in the ventromedial part of the SCN. GRP/bombesin-containing neurons and their fibers were also gathered in the ventral part of the SCN, particularly in the ventromedial region of the nucleus. Somatostatin-containing neurons and their fibers were prominent in the rostral and middle portions of the SCN, where the highest concentration of immunoreactivity was restricted in their ventromedial part. No vasopressin-immunoreactivity was found at all throughout the SCN. Profuse NPY-containing varicose fibers were observed in the ventrolateral part of the SCN, but no immunoreactive neurons were distributed in this nuclear region. Serotonergic fibers showed a topographic arrangement in the SCN: a serotonin-immunoreactive nerve plexus was predominantly distributed in the ventrolateral part. These findings indicate that the SCN of Brattleboro rats is composed of distinct subdivisions of immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers. The distribution of the five peptides and indoleamine within the SCN in the Brattleboro strain was compared with that in normal Long-Evans rats. Furthermore, both strains of rats were exogenously administered with arginine-vasopressin, but no conspicuous difference in the regional patterns of immunoreactivity was detected. The possible role of vasopressin in the SCN is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical studies on the distribution of neuropeptides and serotonin in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Brattleboro rat. 361 94

Three different antisera to the molluscan neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide) and two different antisera to the fragment RFamide were used to stain sections or whole mounts of the hydrozoan medusa Polyorchis penicillatus. All antisera stained the same neuronal structures. Strong immunoreactivity was found in neurons of the ectodermal nerve nets of the manubrium and tentacles, in neurons of the sensory epithelium, and in neurons at the periphery of the sphincter muscle. Strong immunoreactivity was also present in processes and perikarya of the whole outer nerve ring, in the ocellar nerves, and in nerve cells lying at the periphery of the ocellus. The inner nerve ring contained a moderate number of immunoreactive processes and perikarya, which were distinct from the swimming motor neurons. In contrast to the situation in the hydrozoan polyp Hydra attenuata, no immunoreactivity was found with several antisera to oxytocin/vasopressin and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide. The morphology and location of most FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons in Polyorchis coincides with two identified neuronal systems, which have been recently discovered from neurophysiological studies.
 ...
PMID:FMRFamide immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the medusa Polyorchis penicillatus. 615 69

Immunohistochemical studies of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle of mouse, guinea-pig, and rabbit showed the presence of nerve fibres containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) supplying the smooth muscle layers as well as blood vessels. The nerve supply was better developed in the seminal vesicle than in the vas deferens. The motor activity of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle of the guinea-pig was studied in vitro. The vas deferens responded to transmural electrical stimulation with a twitch followed by a slow contraction. The twitch was blocked by guanethidine and tetrodotoxin, but not by atropine, propranolol, phenoxybenzamine, or fluphenazine. The slow contraction exhibited features of an alpha-receptor-mediated response. SP, physalaemin and eledoisin contracted the smooth muscle and also potentiated the twitch response to electrical nerve stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The SP blocking agent, (D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9)-SP, affected neither the resting tension nor the response to electrical stimulation. It is therefore suggested that the SP fibres act mainly prejunctionally. VIP, Leu-enkephalin, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), angiotensin II, vasopressin, neurotensin, bombesin, and GRP had no effect on either the resting tension or the response to electrical nerve stimulation. The seminal vesicle responded to electrical stimulation with a contraction which was unimpaired by atropine, propranolol, phenoxybenzamine, and guanethidine, but abolished by tetrodotoxin. Hence, this contraction is mediated by a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitter. Bombesin, GRP, SP, physalaemin and eledoisin contracted the smooth muscle and potentiated the response to electrical stimulation. VIP, Leu-enkephalin, CCK-8, angiotensin II, vasopressin, and neurotensin had no effect on the resting tension or on the response to transmural electrical stimulation. The SP antagonist abolished the contraction elicited by SP but did not influence the response to nerve stimulation. The results suggest that the SP and GRP nerves may have prejunctional and facilitating postjunctional effects in the seminal vesicle.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin-releasing peptide in vas deferens and seminal vesicle, and the effect of these and eight other neuropeptides on resting tension and neurally evoked contractile activity. 619 10

Bombesin, gastrin-releasing peptide (1-27), and gastrin-releasing peptide (14-27) abolished the specific immunocytochemical staining revealed by antiserum directed to the C-terminus of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and bombesin (BN) in rat hypothalamus. When the antiserum was preabsorbed with GRP(14-27), a strong reaction appeared in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. This staining of magnocellular elements was produced by lower concentrations of GRP(14-27) than were needed to block immunocytochemical staining revealed by the antiserum in other hypothalamic locations. The distribution of GRP(14-27)-induced immunostaining was similar to that of neurophysin. Since only GRP(14-27) but not GRP(1-27) or bombesin was found to bind to magnocellular cells, it was concluded that binding was due to the N-terminus of GRP(14-27), which resembles the structure of oxytocin and vasopressin. In agreement with this, oxytocin and vasopressin were found to prevent the binding of GRP(14-27) to magnocellular cells. The similarity in localization and the effect of oxytocin and vasopressin suggest that GRP(14-27) may bind to neurophysin at low concentrations. The results suggest that enhancement of staining after preabsorption of antisera with antigens must be interpreted with care. Enhancement can occur at antigen concentrations lower than those required to block the immunostaining. These results fail to support the premise that antigen-induced enhancement of staining is due to antigen binding to specific receptors and subsequent detection of the receptor-bound antigen with the antiserum.
 ...
PMID:Binding of GRP(14-27) but not bombesin or GRP(1-27) to hypothalamic magnocellular elements: an immunohistochemical study. 619 54

This report describes a 63-yr-old man with lung cancer accompanying hypertension, hyperpigmentation, muscle weakness, psychosis, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, massive natriuresis and lower serum osmolality than urine osmolality. Elevated levels of plasma and urine corticosteroids and of plasma immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were not altered by the administration of large amounts of dexamethasone. Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) values were also demonstrated. Postmortem examinations revealed small cell lung carcinoma with extensive metastasis, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and Crooke's degeneration of the pituitary gland. Immunoradiological and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive ACTH, ADH and gastrin-releasing peptide in the tumor tissue. Beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen were also detected by one of the methods. Hence, this is a rare case of lung cancer with multiple hormone production and clinical and laboratory evidence of both the ectopic ACTH and ADH syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Small cell lung carcinoma with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone syndromes: a case report. 632 89

To investigate the developmental features of peptide levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the contents of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and Arg-vasopressin (AVP) were measured in punched-out SCN tissue from rat pups on postnatal days (PD) 4, 15 and 20 using a specific enzyme immunoassay. The VIP content was high at night, and the day-night difference was largest at PD4 throughout the developmental stage. GRP and AVP contents increased following the maturation. GRP levels were higher during the dark than the light period from PD4 to PD20. Subjective day-night differences were also observed in blinded pups. Our results indicate that VIP, GRP and AVP in the SCN already show a diurnal rhythm in the SCN during the nursing period.
 ...
PMID:Day-night differences in the contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide and Arg-vasopressin in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat pups during postnatal development. 778 76

We detected low level expression of the gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-B receptor mRNAs in cultures of human bronchial epithelium from 4 of 6 individuals. Bombesin receptor subtype-3 mRNA was undetectable in these cells. An elevation of intracellular calcium concentration was observed in response to bradykinin (6 of 6) and neurotensin (1 of 5) but not to bombesin (0 of 6), vasopressin (0 of 6), or cholecystokinin (0 of 3). In contrast, such responses are frequently noted in lung cancer cell lines. Bombesin did not stimulate the in vitro growth of an immortalized human bronchial epithelium cell line expressing low levels of bombesin receptor mRNAs. We conclude that bombesin receptors are expressed at low levels in human bronchial epithelium cells which may acquire greater responsiveness to multiple neuropeptides in the course of multistep carcinogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Receptor subtype expression and responsiveness to bombesin in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. 813 67

The efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the golden hamster have been examined by using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (Pha-L). SCN projections were further localized through a combination of restricted SCN-lesions and immunocytochemistry for three well-known peptidergic transmitters contained in SCN neurons, viz. vasopressin (VP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Thus, major terminal fields of SCN-derived VP were detected in the medial preoptic nucleus, the anterior part of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVA), the medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), and the medial part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH). VIP-containing projections from the SCN were discovered in the PVA, anterior and dorsal parvicellular divisions of the PVN, subparaventricular area, and medial DMH. Efferent fibers from the SCN containing GRP were restricted to the subparaventricular area, medial DMH, and supraoptic nucleus. In addition, Pha-L tracing indicated the existence of SCN projections which could not be ascribed to one of the presently investigated peptides. Furthermore, a pronounced innervation of the contralateral SCN was observed, of which the neurotransmitter remains to be established. The results of the present study indicate that the different neuronal populations in the SCN, as characterized by their transmitter content, also show a clear diversity in their preferential target areas.
 ...
PMID:Efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). 833 Dec 17

Early signals elicited after membrane receptor binding of agonists, the transmembrane signaling pathway of which involves activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, were compared in fetal (22 days gestation) and adult rat hepatocytes. Free cytosolic calcium changes varied depending on the agonist and type of stimulated cells. Angiotensin II and ATP elicited the maximal responses in both types of cells, whereas the maximal Ca2+ increase produced by vasopressin was twice as much in adult than in fetal hepatocytes. The opposite response was observed for bombesin- or gastrin-releasing peptide-stimulated cells. Triggering of fetal and adult hepatocytes with substances that maximally promote endoplasmic reticulum calcium release or phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activation revealed that at least for the actions mediated through the angiotensin II and P2 purinergic receptor, the agonist stimulation was near the maximal response capacity of the signaling pathway. Agreement was observed between the relative number of membrane receptors and the biological responses.
 ...
PMID:Differential calcium mobilization by vasopressin, angiotensin II, gastrin-releasing peptide, and adenosine triphosphate in adult and fetal hepatocytes. Relevance for the activation of calcium-dependent enzymes. 838 Mar 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>