Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposure to chronic restraint (CR) modifies the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to subsequent acute stressors with adaptation of the response to a homotypic and sensitization of the response to a heterotypic stressor. Since vasopressin (AVP) activity has been reported to change during chronic stress, we investigated whether this was an important factor in HPA facilitation. We therefore tested whether vasopressin 1b receptor (AVPR1B) blockade altered the ACTH and corticosterone response to heterotypic stressors following CR stress. Adult male rats were exposed to CR, single restraint, or were left undisturbed in the home cage. Twenty-four hours after the last restraint, rats were injected with either a AVPR1B antagonist (Org, 30 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (5% mulgofen in saline, 0.2/kg, s.c.) and then exposed to either restraint, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or white noise. CR resulted in the adaptation of the ACTH and corticosterone response to restraint and this effect was not prevented by pretreatment with Org. Although we found no effect of CR on LPS-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion, both repeated and single episodes of restraint induced the sensitization of the ACTH, but not corticosterone response to acute noise. Pretreatment with Org reduced the exaggerated ACTH response to noise after both single and repeated exposure to restraint.
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PMID:Effect of vasopressin 1b receptor blockade on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response of chronically stressed rats to a heterotypic stressor. 1907 73

In a minority of mammalian species, including humans, fathers play a significant role in infant care. Compared to maternal behavior, the neural and hormonal bases of paternal care are poorly understood. We analyzed behavioral, neuronal and neuropeptide responses towards unfamiliar pups in biparental California mice, comparing males housed with another male ("virgin males") or with a female before ("paired males") or after ("new fathers") the birth of their first litter. New fathers approached pups more rapidly and spent more time engaging in paternal behavior than virgin males. In each cage housing two virgin males, one was spontaneously paternal and one was not. New fathers and paired males spent more time sniffing and touching a wire mesh ball containing a newborn pup than virgin males. Only new fathers showed significantly increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPO) following exposure to a pup-containing ball, as compared to an empty ball. Moreover, Fos-LIR in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (STMV and STMPM) and caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC) was increased in new fathers, independent of test condition. No differences were found among the groups in Fos-LIR in oxytocinergic or vasopressinergic neurons. These results suggest that sexual and paternal experiences facilitate paternal behavior, but other cues play a role as well. Paternal experience increases Fos-LIR induced by distal pup cues in the MPO, but not in oxytocin and vasopressin neurons. Fatherhood also appears to alter neurotransmission in the BNST and DRC, regions implicated in emotionality and stress-responsiveness.
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PMID:From here to paternity: neural correlates of the onset of paternal behavior in California mice (Peromyscus californicus). 1943 91

Across species there is evidence that the quality of the early social environment can have a profound impact on neurobiology and behavior. In the present study we explore the effect of communal rearing conditions (three dams with three litters per cage) during the postnatal period on offspring (F1) and grand-offspring (F2) anxiety-like and maternal behavior in Balb/c mice. Females rearing pups in communal nests exhibited increased levels of postpartum maternal care and communal rearing was found to abolish sex-differences in weaning weights. In adulthood, communally reared offspring were observed to display reduced anxiety-like behavior when placed in a novel environment. When rearing their own offspring under standard conditions, communally reared females demonstrated higher levels of motivation to retrieve pups, built higher quality nests, and exhibited higher levels of postpartum care compared to standard reared females. When exposed to an intruder male, communally reared females were more subordinate and less aggressive. F2 offspring of communally reared females were observed to engage in reduced anxiety-like behavior, have larger litter sizes and an increased frequency of nursing on PND 1. Analysis of neuropeptide receptor levels suggest that a communal rearing environment may exert sustained effects on behavior through modification of oxytocin and vasopressin (V1a) receptor densities. Though Balb-C mice are often considered "socially-incompetent" and high in anxiety-like behavior, our findings suggest that through enrichment of the postnatal environment, these behavioral and neuroendocrine deficits may be attenuated both within and across generations.
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PMID:Social enrichment during postnatal development induces transgenerational effects on emotional and reproductive behavior in mice. 1982 97

Paternal care during early development influences pup survivorship in the monogamous and biparental California mouse, Peromyscus californicus. Moreover, paternal pup retrievals impact development of adult offspring aggression and the neuropeptide vasopressin, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these developmental changes. Because testosterone can increase arginine vasopressin and aggression, we hypothesized that paternal pup retrievals increase testosterone levels in prepubertal male P. californicus pups. Male pups were assigned to one of three groups: hormonal baseline, nonretrieval control, or retrieval. On postnatal days 18-21, all pups and the mother were removed from the cage, and the focal male pup was placed either outside of the nest to elicit paternal retrievals (retrieval group) or in the nest to discourage paternal retrievals (nonretrieval group). Testosterone was elevated at 45-min, but not 90-min, post-manipulation in retrieved compared to nonretrieved pups. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between pup retrievals and testosterone in the 45-min group. This rapid testosterone rise in response to paternal retrievals may facilitate an increase in aggression and vasopressin in adult offspring. Therefore, this period of development previously viewed as hormonally quiescent may be more active in response to paternal behavior than previously thought.
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PMID:Paternal behavior increases testosterone levels in offspring of the California mouse. 2036 77

Adenylyl cyclase (AC) type VI (AC6) is a calcium-inhibitable enzyme which produces cAMP upon stimulation. Herein, we characterized the specific role of AC6 in the kidneys using two AC6-knockout mouse lines. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that AC6 exists in the tubular parts of the nephron and collecting duct. Activities of AC evoked by forskolin or a selective agonist of the V2 vasopressin receptor were lower in the kidneys of AC6-null mice compared to those of wildtype mice. Results of a metabolic cage assay and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) showed for the first time that AC6 plays a critical role in regulating water homeostasis.
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PMID:Impaired water reabsorption in mice deficient in the type VI adenylyl cyclase (AC6). 2046 3

Paraneoplastic syndromes are cancer-associated endocrinological, haematological, dermatological or neurological disorders, which are directly related neither to the physical effects of the tumour mass, nor to invasion by the primary tumour, nor to metastasis of the tumour; nor are they associated either with the side-effects of anticancer treatment or with any of the complications of cancer. These syndromes are brought about by the ectopic production of biological mediators by the malignant tumour cells, or by immunological responses to the malignancy. Certain cancers are typically associated with specific paraneoplastic disorders. Though uncommonly, oral carcinomata have reportedly been associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus, humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, and paraneoplastic leukocytosis syndrome.
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PMID:Oral cancer-associated paraneoplastic syndromes. 2118 Feb 90

Fluoxetine is the only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor registered for the treatment of major depressive disorder in pediatric populations, despite reports that it is disproportionately associated with an array of adverse side effects that include agitation, hostility, and overt acts of pathological aggression and violence in youth. This study examined the effects of repeated adolescent fluoxetine administration on offensive aggression and the development of the serotonin (5HT) and vasopressin (AVP) neural systems modulating this behavior using pubertal Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as an adolescent-animal model. Adolescent hamsters administered fluoxetine were tested for offensive aggression using the resident/intruder test, sacrificed the following day, and, using immunohistochemistry, examined for 5HT and AVP afferent innervation/development to areas of the brain implicated in aggression control. Repeated exposure to a low dose (0.3 mg/kg/day) of fluoxetine during adolescence increased nearly all measures of offensive aggression (i.e., upright offensive attacks, lateral attacks, flank/rump bites, pursuits, flank marks), whereas measures of social interest (i.e., olfactory investigation, contact time), comfort (i.e., grooming), and locomotion (i.e., contact time, cage climbing) remained constant. Fluoxetine exposure also increased 5HT and AVP afferent development to brain areas implicated in aggressive behavior, most notably the latero-anterior hypothalamus (LAH)-an area of convergence for developmental and neuroplastic changes correlated with offensive aggression in hamsters. These data indicate that repeated administration of clinically relevant doses of fluoxetine during adolescent development directly stimulates aggressive behavior and alters LAH 5HT and AVP development, yet only alterations in AVP afferent development within the LAH correlate with the fluoxetine-induced aggressive behavioral phenotype.
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PMID:Repeated fluoxetine administration during adolescence stimulates aggressive behavior and alters serotonin and vasopressin neural development in hamsters. 2302 36

Social play activities among juveniles are thought to contribute to the development of social and emotional skills in humans and animals. Conversely, social play deficits are observed in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, many of these disorders show sex differences in incidence, course of the disease, and severity of symptoms. We hypothesized that sex differences in the neural systems controlling social behavior can contribute to these differences. We therefore studied the involvement of the sexually dimorphic vasopressin and oxytocin systems, which have been implicated in these disorders, in juvenile social play behavior. Single-housed 5-week-old juvenile male and female rats were exposed in their home cage to an age-and sex-matched novel conspecific for 10 min, and social play behaviors were recorded. We found no consistent sex differences in duration or elements of social play in vehicle-treated rats. However, intracerebroventricular injection of the specific vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist (CH2)5Tyr(Me(2))AVP significantly reduced social play behaviors in males while increasing them in females. Intracerebroventricular injection of the specific oxytocin receptor antagonist des-Gly-NH2,d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)(2),Thr(4)]OVT did not alter social play in either sex. To locate the effects of V1aR blockade on social play, we targeted the lateral septum, a sexually dimorphic brain region showing denser vasopressin fibers in males than in females and an abundant expression of V1aR in both sexes. Surprisingly, blockade of V1aR in the lateral septum increased social play behaviors in males, but decreased them in females. These findings suggest sex- and brain region-specific roles for vasopressin in the regulation of social play behavior in juvenile rats.
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PMID:Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin. 2383 2

It has been shown that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the neurohypophyseal hormone secretion produced by exposure to several different stimuli; however, the influence of this system on neuroendocrine responses during lactation is unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the influence of an acute peripheral administration of WIN55,212-2 (cannabinoid receptor agonist) on behavioral and neuroendocrine responses during lactation. On day 6 of lactation, female rats were treated with vehicle or WIN55,212-2 30 min before the start of our experiments. To evaluate maternal behavior, the pups were returned to their home cages to the side of the cage opposite the previous nest, and the resulting behavior of the lactating rats was recorded for the next 30 min. Aggressive behavior was evaluated for 10 min following the placement of an intruder male rat in the home cage. The plasma level of oxytocin and the amount of milk consumption by the pups were evaluated 15 min after the onset of suckling. In addition, double-labelled c-Fos/oxytocin neurons in the medial magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus and in the supraoptic nucleus were quantified for each lactating rat. The results show that WIN decreased maternal care, decreased aggressive behaviors, suppressed maternal anxiolysis, decreased plasma oxytocin levels and milk consumption by pups and decreased activation of oxytocinergic neurons in hypothalamic nuclei. Our results indicate that the changes in the behavioral responses of lactating rats treated with WIN maybe can be related to disruption in the neuroendocrine control of oxytocin secretion.
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PMID:Cannabinoid receptor agonist disrupts behavioral and neuroendocrine responses during lactation. 2449 59

We recently demonstrated that vasopressin (AVP) in the lateral septum modulates social play behavior differently in male and female juvenile rats. However, the extent to which different social contexts (i.e., exposure to an unfamiliar play partner in different environments) affect the regulation of social play remains largely unknown. Given that AVP and the closely related neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) modulate social behavior as well as anxiety-like behavior, we hypothesized that these neuropeptides may regulate social play behavior differently in novel (novel cage) as opposed to familiar (home cage) social environments. Administration of the specific AVP V1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist (CH2)5Tyr(Me(2))AVP into the lateral septum enhanced home cage social play behavior in males but reduced it in females, confirming our previous findings. These effects were context-specific because V1aR blockade did not alter novel cage social play behavior in either sex. Furthermore, social play in females was reduced by AVP in the novel cage and by OXT in the home cage. Additionally, females administered the specific OXT receptor antagonist desGly-NH2,d(CH2)5-[Tyr(Me)(2),Thr(4)]OVT showed less social play in the novel as compared to the home cage. AVP enhanced anxiety-related behavior in males (tested on the elevated plus-maze), but failed to do so in females, suggesting that exogenous AVP alters social play and anxiety-related behavior via distinct and sex-specific mechanisms. Moreover, none of the other drug treatments that altered social play had an effect on anxiety, suggesting that these drug-induced behavioral alterations are relatively specific to social behavior. Overall, we showed that AVP and OXT systems in the lateral septum modulate social play in juvenile rats in neuropeptide-, sex- and social context-specific ways. These findings underscore the importance of considering not only sex, but also social context, in how AVP and OXT modulate social behavior.
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PMID:Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context. 2498 23


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