Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the anterior hypothalamus has been implicated in the control of aggression in various rodent species, little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms mediating this control. It has been established that flank marking, which occurs with high frequency during agonistic encounters in hamsters, is dependent upon vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the anterior hypothalamus. The present study was undertaken to determine whether intraspecific aggression in this species is similarly influenced by vasopressin in this area of the hypothalamus. Adult male hamsters, surgically implanted with guide cannulae aimed at the anterior hypothalamus, were microinjected with three different concentrations of the V1-receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP or a vehicle control of 0.9% NaCl. Sixty minutes after each microinjection a smaller male hamster was introduced into the home cage of the treated hamster. The resident hamsters showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of biting attacks on the intruders over the 10 minute test period. The V1-receptor antagonist also caused a significant increase in the resident hamster's latencies to attack the intruder. However, the resident hamsters' total contact time with the intruder was unaffected by drug treatment suggesting that the reduction of aggression was not due to a generalized effect upon social behavior. The specificity of the drug treatment was further supported by the observation that it did not affect resident hamsters' sexual motivation or ability to mount a receptive female. These data suggest that vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the anterior hypothalamus are involved in the control of intraspecific aggression in male hamsters.
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PMID:Vasopressin receptor blockade in the anterior hypothalamus suppresses aggression in hamsters. 285 82

Restoration of the circadian rhythmicity in wheel-running activity was shown in rats with bilateral suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) lesions, after transplantation of the neonatal SCN into the wall of the third ventricle. Free-running circadian rhythms of the wheel-running activity were recorded in young adult rats at least for a month under constant dark condition. Then, bilateral SCNs were completely lesioned electrolytically under deep pentobarbital anaesthesia. After further recording for more than two months without obvious circadian rhythmicity in wheel-running activity, the animals were subjected to transplantation of the SCN. SCNs taken from day 1 neonatal rats were transplanted by injecting the grafts into the third ventricle of the host rat under pentobarbital anaesthesia. After recovery from the procedure, the rat was returned to a cage with a running wheel. Food and water were available at all times. Successful transplantation led to restoration of the circadian rhythmicity starting from two weeks and up to three months after the transplantation. To identify the SCN in the transplanted graft, we used an immunohistochemical staining method for the VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) and vasopressin. The VIP was located particularly in the ventral area of the SCN, whereas vasopressin was in the dorsal area. In most cases, where circadian rhythmicity was successfully restored, the graft was attached to the caudal wall of the third ventricle.
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PMID:Transplantation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat. 348 39

The purpose of this study was to define the vasopressin-sensitive area in the anterior hypothalamus-medial preoptic area (AH-MPOA) of the golden hamster that is involved in the expression of flank-marking behavior. Male hamsters implanted with guide cannulae stereotaxically aimed at various sites in the AH-MPOA were microinjected initially with 0.1 ng of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in a volume of 10 nl. Hamsters that flank-marked in response to these injections were subsequently microinjected into the same sites with kainic acid (0.2 microgram/20 nl; n = 10) or an equal volume of 1 M NaOH as a vehicle control (n = 10). Four days later hamsters were tested for odor-induced flank marking by placing them into the recently vacated home cage of other hamsters and for flank marking in response to the microinjection of AVP. Animals treated with kainic acid exhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) fewer AVP and odor-induced flank marks as compared to the number of flank marks observed prior to treatment. There was no significant reduction in the number of flank marks in hamsters microinjected with the NaOH vehicle. In another group of hamsters, microinjection of kainic acid (0.2 microgram/20 nl) into the 3rd ventricle (n = 4) and other sites of the hypothalamus (n = 4) did not significantly alter odor-induced flank marking. The locations of the microinjection sites indicate that the neurons sensitive to AVP and involved in the expression of flank-marking behavior are found in the ventromedial area of the AH-MPOA extending from the caudal border of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the rostral limit of the supraoptic nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Microinjection of kainic acid into the hypothalamus of golden hamsters prevents vasopressin-dependent flank-marking behavior. 378 73

Age-related changes in the intake of food and water, and the output of faeces and urine were investigated in C57BL/Icrfat mice of 6 and 24 months of age. Animals were singly housed in a metabolic cage for a period of 30 days. 14 days were allowed for acclimatization before the animals were dehydrated for 24 hours. 10 days of rehydration were allowed prior to a hyperosmotic challenge with 3% sodium chloride in the drinking water. The animals were then observed for 5 more days of rehydration. Urine was collected and analysed with regard to sodium, potassium, urea and vasopressin output/24 hours (/100g body weight), and the osmotic pressure of the urine was determined. Data were analysed by a 2 factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor. Significant changes were detected in the control of body weight, potassium, sodium and urea outputs. No age-differences were detected in the intake of food or water, the output of faeces or urine, the urine osmotic pressure or the excretion of vasopressin. However, significant changes in these variables were detected in both age groups on the days of physiological challenge. The conclusion drawn is that in the mouse strain studied, and for the period of the lifespan investigated, there is no age related defect in the secretion of vasopressin. However, there are trends in the data suggesting a decreased responsiveness of the kidney with age.
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PMID:The effect of age on the control of water conservation in the laboratory mouse--metabolic studies. 403 72

Microinjection of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) into the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus of the hamster stimulates flank marking, a complex stereotypic motor behavior involved in olfactory communication. Microinjection of an antagonist of AVP, [1-deaminopenicillamine-2-(O-methyl)-tyrosine]arginine-vasopressin, into the same site blocks both the effect of microinjected AVP as well as the natural flank-marking behavior normally elicited by placing a hamster into the recently vacated home cage of another hamster. This finding supports the notion that AVP is a transmitter in the expression of flank marking.
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PMID:Inhibition of flank-marking behavior in golden hamsters by microinjection of a vasopressin antagonist into the hypothalamus. 403 6

Studies were performed in normal mongrel dogs (n = 8) to assess whether changes observed with chronic administration of vasopressin (AVP) were a result of direct actions of AVP or the consequence of changes in body fluid volume. AVP was infused continuously for 2 wk (0.36 ng X kg-1 X min-1 iv), while total body weight and body water (TBW) were maintained constant (+/- 50 g) using a servo-controlled system. A metabolic cage was mounted on sensitive force transducers for continuous monitoring of TBW. The summed voltage output of these transducers was used to servo control an intravenous infusion pump that adjusted the rate of water intake required for maintenance of a constant TBW. AVP infused under these conditions chronically increased plasma AVP levels from 2 to 22 pg/ml but resulted in no change of average 24-h mean arterial pressure, plasma sodium, or osmolality. Urine excretion decreased from 800 to 200 ml/day, whereas urine osmolality increased from 430 to 1,200 mosmol/kg and remained at these levels throughout the 2-wk AVP infusion. A net loss of 20 meq sodium occurred during the 1st day of AVP infusion but thereafter was unchanged. Plasma sodium and osmolality were unchanged from control during AVP infusions. We conclude that AVP-induced changes of arterial pressure, plasma sodium concentration and osmolality, renal escape, suppression of renin activity, and most of the observed natriuresis are events normally dependent on volume expansion.
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PMID:Long-term blood pressure and metabolic effects of vasopressin with servo-controlled fluid volume. 638 81

Male rats were trained to lever press for food reward on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. When stable response rates had been achieved they were trained to avoid footshock (UCS) in a two way shuttle box using a compound conditioning stimulus (CS) of tone and light. Having reached the learning criterion of ten consecutive avoidance responses they were returned to their home cage and injected with saline or lysine vasopressin (LVP 1 microgram/rat/SC) after 30 min. Twenty four hours later, the suppressive effect of the avoidance CS on the appetitive baseline was tested. Rats which had been injected with LVP after avoidance training showed significantly more suppression of the operant response than saline controls. The results are discussed in terms of the behavioural substrate underlying the long term effects of vasopressin on behaviour.
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PMID:Post training lysine-vasopressin injections increase conditioned suppression in rats. 666 66

The acute behavioral effects of some neurohypophyseal hormones after intracerebroventricular injection in mice were examined. The effects, consisting mainly of a dose-dependent stimulation of certain behaviors, were demonstrated in three different behavioral tests. The type of the induced behaviors was dependent on the experimental conditions: If the mice were placed into a cage after the injection of the peptides, excessive scratching and grooming behaviors were induced. If they were exposed to stressful environmental influences, however, escape-directed activity was markedly stimulated with only minimal elevation of scratching and grooming behaviors. Very low doses down to less than 1 nanogram per mouse were effective. The effects can be observed after central, but not after peripheral application of the peptides and are mediated by a mechanism that displays some degree of specificity. An activity unit for the behavior-altering potency of the peptides was defined. A role of neurohypophyseal hormones or related peptides in the regulation of motivation and behavioral arousal is suggested.
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PMID:Short-term behavioral effects of posterior pituitary peptides in mice. 724 20

The density of vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) fibers in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus is lower in prairie vole fathers--which display paternal behavior under natural conditions-than in sexually naive males. To see if these changes occur before or after the birth of pups, and whether they are related to changes in paternal behavior, we tested paternal responsiveness and measured AVP-ir fiber density in the lateral septum, lateral habenular nucleus, medial preoptic area, and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus of sexually naive males and females (0P) and breeding pairs that were sacrificed shortly after mating (3P); during early (13P); or late gestation (21P); or after the birth of pups (6PP). Paternal responsiveness was increased in 3P males and reached a plateau in 13P males. AVP-ir fiber density did not change in the medial preoptic area and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. The fiber density in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus was affected differently in males and females. Among males, 3P animals had the lowest fiber density, while 13P and 6PP animals had an intermediate, and 0P and 21P animals the highest fiber density, whereas among females, no differences in fiber density were found. A second experiment showed that the decrease in fiber density in 3P males could be induced by cohabitation with an unfamiliar female but not by an unfamiliar male nor by relocation to a novel cage. The changes in AVP-ir fiber density shortly after mating suggest that these fibers may be involved in paternal responsiveness as well as in various other social behaviors that change after mating.
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PMID:Cohabitation alters vasopressin innervation and paternal behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). 780 Jul 44

Reduction of renal mass (RRM) combined with a high-salt diet results in volume retention, a rise of cardiac output, and hypertension. The present studies were designed to determine whether prevention of volume retention would alter the rise of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in RRM rats given high salt. Rats were studied in a modified metabolic cage to permit continuous determination of total body weight (TBW). In group 1, NaCl was increased from 1 to 14.5 meq/day and delivered isotonically. In group 2, NaCl was increased while TBW was servo-controlled to a constant level. Group 3 was also servo-controlled, but rats received an intravenous infusion of an arginine vasopressin V1 antagonist throughout the study. MAP in group 1 rose 24 mmHg by day 4 of high salt with a parallel increase of TBW of 26 g. In group 2, MAP rose 48 mmHg by day 4 of high salt, while TBW was controlled to within 0.6% of control body weight. With inhibition of vasopressin V1 receptors (group 3), MAP rose 39 mmHg. Nearly equivalent amounts of NaCl were retained in all groups, which was associated with no change of plasma Na in group 1 but an increase of nearly 7 meq/ml in groups 2 and 3. Hematocrit fell nearly 9% in groups 2 and 3 compared with a 4% reduction in group 1. The results suggest that under conditions where net retention cannot occur, high salt intake increases MAP by an osmotically driven fluid transfer from cells, which results in an even greater expansion of blood volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hypertension induced by high salt intake in absence of volume retention in reduced renal mass rats. 797 2


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