Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the pithed Wistar rats Captopril (2 mg/kg) decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) 21%. Further injection of a specific antagonist decreased the vasoconstrictor action of vasopressin (aAVP, 10 micrograms/kg) an additional 6%. Reversal in the order of drug administration did not change these percentages. The osmotic stimulus evoked by the infusion of hypertonic saline (ClNa 9%, 0.018 ml/min, 2 hr) significantly increased MAP, this increase being almost totally reversed by the aAVP (10 micrograms/kg). These findings suggest a greater role of the renin-angiotensin system than of the vasopressin (AVP) in the maintenance of MAP in the pithed rat; AVP, moreover, can be released by means of an osmotic stimulus.
Gen Pharmacol 1986
PMID:Blood pressure control in pithed rat. 353 Aug 77

By use of the indirect immunofluorescence method in conjunction with an elution-restaining technique, cells in the caudal neurosecretory system of the big skate (Raja binoculata) and the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) were shown to contain both urotensin I (UI)/corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urotensin II (UII) immunoreactivities. In the skate coexistence was complete, while in the midshipman some cells demonstrated immunoreactivity for only one or the other neuropeptide. The present results do not support previous suggestions that, like vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamic magnocellular system, UI and UII exist in separate cellular populations in the caudal neurosecretory system. Results of these and other experiments indicate that there exists a wide range of species variation in the degree of coexistence of UI/CRF and UII immunoreactivities within caudal neurosecretory cells.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Aug
PMID:Coexistence of urotensin I/corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin II immunoreactivities in cells of the caudal neurosecretory system of a teleost and an elasmobranch fish. 353 60

Effects of physostigmine on heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma renin concentration (PRC) and vasopressin (AVP) release were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Physostigmine (100 micrograms/kg, i.a.) produced a greater and prolonged hypertensive response in the SHR than in the WKY. Heart rate was increased by physostigmine in SHR rats while it was unchanged in the WKY. PRC was unchanged or even slightly decreased in these animals when MAP was increased by physostigmine. An AVP pressor antagonist did not attenuate the pressor and cardiac effects of physostigmine in these animals. These data indicate that an impaired baroreflex mechanism or a different mode of sympathetic neuronal activation by physostigmine through the central mechanism appears to be contributory, at least in part, to the enhanced pressor responsiveness in the SHR. The renin-angiotensin system and AVP do not appear to be involved in the enhanced pressor responsiveness to physostigmine in SHR rats.
Gen Pharmacol 1987
PMID:Possible involvement of an impaired baroreflex mechanism but not the renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin in the enhanced pressor responsiveness to physostigmine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 355 64

Immunoperoxidase staining was applied to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary of the camel. Vasopressin and oxytocin cells and fibers were identified in different nuclei of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive fiber tracts were followed to the median eminence and the posterior pituitary. In the median eminence, two different pathways were found for vasopressin, one passing to the posterior lobe and the other contacting capillaries of the portal system. The oxytocin antiserum stained one unique pathway in the internal zone on its way to the posterior pituitary. The two immunoreactivities were shown in the posterior lobe of the pituitary, vasopressin staining being the more intense. Relations between these data and the physiology of the camel are discussed.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 May
PMID:Immunocytochemical evidence for vasopressin and oxytocin pathways in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). 355 15

Vasopressin- and oxytocin-immunoreactive cells have been demonstrated in the brain of the leech Theromyzon tessulatum. A mapping of their localization in the different compartments of the brain has been undertaken. The cells immunohistochemically identified have been compared to previously described cell types defined by classical staining methods for neurosecretory material. Preliminary results obtained with high performance liquid chromatography confirm the presence in brain homogenates of substances with chromatographic properties similar to that of vertebrate nonapeptides. The possible role of these vasopressin- and oxytocin-like substances in osmoregulation is discussed.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Oct
PMID:[Evidence of apparent vasopressin and oxytocin peptides in the brain of the leech Rhynchobdelle Theromyzon tessulatum (O.F.M.)]. 355 74

The GABAergic innervation of the goldfish pituitary was studied at the light and electron microscope levels by means of radioautography after in vitro incubation in tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and immunocytochemistry using antibodies against GABA. Following incubation of pituitary fragments in a medium containing tritiated GABA, a selective uptake of the tracer was observed within the digitations of the neurohypophysis. Silver grain clusters were also observed in the adenohypophyseal tissue. At the electron microscope level, this uptake was found to correspond to nerve endings containing small clear and dense-core vesicles. These labeled profiles were located mainly in neurohypophyseal digitations in close apposition with the basement membrane separating the neurohypophysis from the adenohypophysis. However, they were also encountered in direct contact with most adenohypophyseal cell types in the different lobes. These results were confirmed by immunocytochemical data demonstrating the presence of numerous GABA immunoreactive fibers in both anterior and neurointermediate lobes. They were found either in the digitations of the neurohypophysis or in the adenohypophysis in direct contact with the glandular cells with a distribution and an ultrastructural aspect similar to those observed by radioautography. These data demonstrate that the pituitary of teleosts receives a massive GABAergic innervation. Although physiological data providing a functional significance for such an innervation are lacking, the present study suggests that, as already documented in mammals, GABA may be involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary functions in teleosts.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 Sep
PMID:Central GABAergic innervation of the pituitary in goldfish: a radioautographic and immunocytochemical study at the electron microscope level. 366 9

Neurohypophyseal hormones of two species belonging to the family Dasyuridae, namely Dasyurus viverrinus (Eastern native cat) and Dasyuroides byrnei (Kowari), and of the single living member of the family Phascolarctidae, Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala) have been isolated and characterized by their retention times in high-pressure reverse-phase partition chromatography and either amino acid composition or amino acid sequence through a gas-phase microsequencer. Mesotocin and arginine vasopressin have been identified in the three species. The same hormones have previously been found in a species belonging to the family Phalangeridae, Trichosurus vulpecula (brush-tailed possum), whereas in five species of Macropodidae, mesotocin, lysipressin, and phenypressin have been characterized. Because the four Australian marsupial families examined up to now possess mesotocin and at least a vasopressin-like peptide, it is assumed that the primitive marsupial settler in Australia was endowed with mesotocin and arginine vasopressin.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1987 Sep
PMID:Evolution of marsupials traced by their neurohypophyseal hormones: microidentification of mesotocin and arginine vasopressin in two Australian families, Dasyuridae and Phascolarctidae. 366 14

Net Cl- absorption in the mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (mTALH) involves a furosemide-sensitive Na+:K+:2 Cl- apical membrane symport mechanism for salt entry into cells, which occurs in parallel with a Ba++-sensitive apical K+ conductance. The present studies, using the in vitro microperfused mouse mTALH, assessed the concentration dependence of blockade of this apical membrane K+-conductive pathway by Ba++ to provide estimates of the magnitudes of the transcellular (Gc) and paracellular (Gs) electrical conductances (millisiemens per square centimeter). These studies also evaluated the effects of luminal hypertonicity produced by urea on the paracellular electrical conductance, the electrical Na+/Cl- permselectivity ratio, and the morphology of in vitro mTALH segments exposed to peritubular antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Increasing luminal Ba++ concentrations, in the absence of luminal K+, produced a progressive reduction in the transcellular conductance that was maximal at 20 mM Ba++. The Ba++-sensitive transcellular conductance in the presence of ADH was 61.8 +/- 1.7 mS/cm2, or approximately 65% of the total transepithelial conductance. In phenomenological terms, the luminal Ba++-dependent blockade of the transcellular conductance exhibited negative cooperativity. The transepithelial osmotic gradient produced by luminal urea produced blebs on apical surfaces, a striking increase in shunt conductance, and a decrease in the shunt Na+/Cl- permselectivity (PNa/PCl), which approached that of free solution. The transepithelial conductance obtained with luminal 800 mM urea, 20 mM Ba++, and 0 K+ was 950 +/- 150 mS/cm2 and provided an estimate of the maximal diffusion resistance of intercellular spaces, exclusive of junctional complexes. The calculated range for junctional dilution voltages owing to interspace salt accumulation during ADH-dependent net NaCl absorption was 0.7-1.1 mV. Since the Ve accompanying ADH-dependent net NaCl absorption is 10 mV, lumen positive, virtually all of the spontaneous transepithelial voltage in the mouse mTALH is due to transcellular transport processes. Finally, we developed a series of expressions in which the ratio of net Cl- absorption to paracellular Na+ absorption could be expressed in terms of a series of electrical variables. Specifically, an analysis of paired measurement of PNa/PCl and Gs was in agreement with an electroneutral Na+:K+:2 Cl- apical entry step. Thus, for net NaCl absorption, approximately 50% of Na+ was absorbed via a paracellular route.
J Gen Physiol 1986 Apr
PMID:Ionic conductance pathways in the mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle. The paracellular pathway and electrogenic Cl- absorption. 370 Dec 99

Various agonists induced sustained contractions of estrogen-dominated rat uterine smooth muscle in Ca-free salt solution containing 0.2 mM EGTA after incubation of the muscle with 3 mM EGTA for 1 hr. The magnitudes of contraction varied with agonists. (bradykinin greater than oxytocin greater than or equal to vasopressin greater than PGF2 alpha greater than angiotensin II greater than acetylcholine greater than or equal to PGE2 greater than or equal to 5-hydroxytryptamine. Addition of 10(-4) Ca ion reduced the tension developed: Ca ion inhibited these contractions when they were sufficiently large (marked inhibition on bradykinin-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-induced contractions; definite one on PGF2 alpha-induced contraction), as observed previously with oxytocin-induced contraction under the same conditions and named "Ca Reversal".
Gen Pharmacol 1985
PMID:Calcium reversal: inhibition by Ca ion of sustained contraction in Ca-free medium induced by various agonists in rat uterine smooth muscle. 392 49

Three substances of different molecular size were injected into the ventricular space (III) of the neurohypophysis of anesthetized hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, to learn whether such substances could diffuse across the connective tissue barrier between the neuro- and adenohypophysis. The substances tested were trypan blue, a vital dye that is a fine particulate colloid; horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an enzyme protein whose distribution in tissue can be revealed through its chromogenic action on a substrate; and ferric ion, whose distribution can be revealed through the Prussian blue reaction. All three substances were transferred across the neurohypophyseal wall to the extracerebral area within a few minutes, the trypan blue and HRP apparently through action by tanycytes. The trypan blue, within a 15-min period, moved no further. The HRP protein diffused through connective tissue as far as the dorsal (2 min) and ventral (5 min) borders of the adenohypophysis, but did not enter the secretory cells themselves. The ferric ion reached the adenohypophysis quickly (2 min) and entered the secretory cells in higher concentration than it was in the surrounding connective tissue. These data indicate that the hagfish ventral neurohypophysis is functionally capable of supplying neurosecretory regulatory factors to the adenohypophysis. It is thus a "diffusional median eminence." We can propose that the cyclostome median eminence, lacking a portal relation to the adenohypophysis, represents the phylogenetically primitive brain--pituitary relationship.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1986 Mar
PMID:Median eminence equivalence of the neurohypophysis of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. 395 89


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