Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus contains a circadian pacemaker in mammals. We determined the circadian profiles of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), a major peptide in the dorsomedial SCN, in rats under light-dark (LD), constant dark (DD) and constant light (LL) conditions. Under LD conditions, AVP levels in the SCN showed circadian rhythmicity with a peak at early light phase and a broad trough during the dark phase. This rhythm in the AVP contents was maintained even after 14 days of free-running under DD conditions and 3 days under LL conditions. These circadian patterns of AVP are similar to those of somatostatin, another peptide in the dorsomedial SCN. This indicates a common mode of regulation for peptides in this subfield of the SCN.
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PMID:Circadian rhythms of vasopressin content in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat. 142 Nov 39

This study reports the effects of 5 weeks of swim training on systolic blood pressure, body weight, plasma and brain vasopressin and total neurophysins in the Lyon genetically hypertensive (LH) rat and in their normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) controls. Swimming was unable to influence any studied parameters. These results shed doubt on the efficiency of this model of training on the evolution of hypertension in the LH rats.
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PMID:Effect of swim training on systolic blood pressure, vasopressin and total neurophysins in the Lyon hypertensive rat. 346 11

To investigate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in genetic hypertension, we measured 24-h urinary volume, osmolality, and 24-h AVP excretion, as well as pituitary and pineal AVP and oxytocin levels, in genetically hypertensive (LH), normotensive (LN), and low blood pressure (LL) 5-and 45-week-old female rats of the Lyon strains. We also determined vascular sensitivity to AVP, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II in 6- and 21-week-old rats. AVP secretion was increased in both LH and LL rats compared with LN controls. Previous reports of increased AVP secretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats have suggested that AVP might play a role in high blood pressure. The existence of a similar increase in LL rats indicates that genetic hypertension of LH rats is not related directly to their increased AVP secretion. Furthermore, the vascular sensitivity to AVP was not specifically enhanced in 21-week-old LH rats compared with LN and LL controls. This study provides evidence against a major role of vasopressin in the genesis and maintenance of high blood pressure in this model of experimental hypertension, and emphasizes that the choice of controls in such investigations is of crucial importance.
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PMID:Vasopressin and oxytocin in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain. 619 19

To investigate the development of Arg-vasopressin (AVP) content and its diurnal rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), AVP was measured by enzyme immunoassay in the rat pup SCN punched out from tissue slices obtained at postnatal day (PD) 1, 5, 10, 12 and 20 from animals maintained under a light-dark cycle (LD). The AVP levels, measured at a restricted time of day, increased from PD1 reaching the adult level at PD10-12. Diurnal rhythm similar to that in adults was evident at PD10-12 under the LD conditions used. The peak value of AVP was observed at the earlier light period, and its trough occurred at the end of the light period. The circadian rhythm remained for 7 days under constant dark (DD) or constant light (LL) conditions. These results indicate that the AVP, one of the output signals from the SCN, starts to oscillate after PD10-12, and shows a free-running rhythm during the nursing period.
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PMID:Arg-vasopressin content in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat pups: circadian rhythm and its development. 778 Nov 68

We have studied the number of arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in common voles, Microtus arvalis, with a strong (n = 18), weak (n = 10) or absent (n = 9) expression of circadian rhythmicity. Spontaneous expression of rhythmicity was assessed from records of wheel running activity and general activity, measured with passive infra-red detection during 4 weeks of continuous low light (LL) conditions. Subsequently, 20 voles were perfused in LL. After additional exposure to a 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle during 14 days, the other 17 voles were perfused in the early morning. AVP-positive neurons were visualized immunocytochemically with a polyclonal IgG antibody. AVP-stained cell somata were present predominantly in the dorsomedial SCN, whereas terminals, contacting both AVP positive and negative neurons, were distributed throughout the SCN. In LL conditions, AVP-staining intensity of neurons was low in all 20 voles. Also the number of AVP-IR cells in the SCN in brain sections obtained in LL conditions was low and not different for the three categories of rhythmicity. In LD conditions, the staining intensity of AVP positive SCN neurons was low in rhythmic animals, high in non-rhythmic animals not expressing, and intermediate in animals weakly expressing circadian rhythmicity. The number of AVP positive cells in LD conditions showed a negative correlation with the propensity of animals to lose circadian rhythmicity under LL conditions. Differences in AVP-IR were found solely in the dorsomedial SCN, and neither in the rostral and caudal aspects of the SCN nor in the area adjacent to the SCN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of circadian rhythmicity correlates with the number of arginine-vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of common voles, Microtus arvalis. 818 Aug 44

Continuous environmental illumination or constant light (LL) exposure causes a suppression of daily water intake, and long-term exposure of greater than 19 days produces a hypertrophy of magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the hypothalamus. These findings led Glantz to hypothesize that LL increases the secretion of vasopressin (VP). We wanted to determine whether LL could trigger morphological changes within the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) seen with other manipulations that result in enhanced hormone release. The posterior pituitary of male albino rats that were exposed to LL for 24 or 48 h were examined ultrastructurally for evidence of enhanced hormone release. In addition, water intake, plasma VP levels, and MNC size within the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were measured. After LL exposure, the posterior pituitary morphology was different, suggesting enhanced hormone release. LL exposure did not affect plasma VP or the size of SON MNCs, but did suppress drinking behavior. These data show that posterior pituitary morphology is affected rapidly by LL exposure. The HNS response to LL exposure may consist of changes within the first 24 h of LL found within the posterior pituitary followed later by hypertrophy of the SON MNCs.
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PMID:Effects of continuous environmental illumination on the albino rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. 859 82

Vasopressin-containing Long-Evans and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats were maintained in individual cages while telemetered activity (AC) and body temperature (BT) data were collected. Rats were initially exposed to a 12 h/12-h light/dark cycle (photic zeitgeber) and were allowed ad-libitum access to food and water. Daily feeding, care, and handling (nonphotic zeitgebers) occurred at the beginning of the second hour of the dark cycle. After a 14-day habituation period, rats were subjected to continuous light (LL) or dark (DD) and nonphotic cues were presented irregularly. During the habituation period, both strains exhibited clear 24-h circadian rhythms of AC and BT. In LL or DD, photic cues were removed and nonphotic cues were presented irregularly. There was a shift in the rhythm for Long-Evans animals to 26 h for both AC and BT in LL and 24.6 h in DD. Feeding, care, and handling were seen as minor artifact. In Brattleboro rats, although there were robust 26-h and 24.6-h circadian rhythms of AC in the LL and DD, respectively, BT data were inconsistent and showed sporadic fluctuations. In the BT rhythm of Brattleboro animals, strong peaks were associated with feeding, care, and handling times and trough periods were characterized by a dramatic drop in temperature. This experiment demonstrates that AC and BT are controlled by separate oscillators. In addition, the importance of vasopressinergic fibers in the control of circadian rhythms of BT is evidenced by the loss of circadian rhythms in animals lacking these functional fibers when exposed to free-running paradigms where there is no entrainment of photic or nonphotic oscillators.
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PMID:Vasopressin deficiency provides evidence for separate circadian oscillators of activity and temperature. 1095 2

Postnatal environment shapes brain development during key critical periods. We have recently found that postnatal light environment has long-term effects on the stress and circadian systems, which can lead to altered stress responses, circadian behavior and a depressive phenotype in adulthood. However, it is still unclear how light experience affects the postnatal development of specific stress markers in the pup brain and the role played by maternal behavior and stress. To test this, we raised mice under either light-dark cycles (LD), constant light (LL) or constant darkness (DD) during the suckling stage. After weaning, all mice were exposed to LD until adulthood. Results show that postnatal light environment does not have any significant effects on dam stress levels (plasma corticosterone concentration, Arginine-vasopressin and Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression in the brain) or maternal behavior, including licking and grooming. Light environment does not have a major effect on litter characteristics or pup growth either. Interestingly, light environment during the suckling stage significantly impacted Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and Gr mRNA expression in pup brain during development. Furthermore, a difference in Crh mRNA expression between LL- and DD-raised mice was still observed in adulthood, long after the exposure to abnormal light environments had stopped. Taken together, these data suggest that the long-term effects of postnatal light environment on the pups' stress system cannot be attributed to alterations in either maternal behavior and/or stress axis function. Instead, postnatal light experience may act directly on the pup stress axis and/or indirectly via circadian system alterations.
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PMID:Postnatal Light Effects on Pup Stress Axis Development Are Independent of Maternal Behavior. 2823 33