Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha stimulated DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Neurotensin amplified epidermal growth factor-stimulated or transforming growth factor alpha-stimulated DNA synthesis by three- to eightfold. Neurotensin by itself did not stimulate DNA synthesis. Amplification of DNA synthesis by neurotensin was observed as low as 10(-10) M, and it was increased in a dose-dependent manner with maximal effects at 10(-8) M. These results were obtained when hepatocytes were cultured in Williams' medium E, but not in Leibovitz L-15 medium, suggesting that a minor component(s) in the medium is required for hepatocytes to fully respond to neurotensin. Neurotensin effect on DNA synthesis was observed not only in normal rat hepatocytes but also in partially hepatectomized rat hepatocytes, although its effect was stronger in normal hepatocytes. Amplified DNA synthesis was inhibited by transforming growth factor beta. Secondary mitogens (co-mitogens) such as insulin, vasopressin, or angiotensin II interacted additively with low concentrations of epidermal growth factor as well as with neurotensin. Neurotensin-related peptides such as kinetensin or neuromedin-N, which was released from blood plasma by pepsin digestion, did not have this amplifying effect on DNA synthesis at any concentrations tested. Neurotensin mRNA was found in several organs including brain and intestine, but not liver. These results suggest that neurotensin can be regarded as a new secondary mitogen and that it may be involved in cell proliferation, including regenerating liver as a gastrointestinal hormone and/or a neurotransmitter.
 ...
PMID:Stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis by neurotensin. 810 58

We detected low level expression of the gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-B receptor mRNAs in cultures of human bronchial epithelium from 4 of 6 individuals. Bombesin receptor subtype-3 mRNA was undetectable in these cells. An elevation of intracellular calcium concentration was observed in response to bradykinin (6 of 6) and neurotensin (1 of 5) but not to bombesin (0 of 6), vasopressin (0 of 6), or cholecystokinin (0 of 3). In contrast, such responses are frequently noted in lung cancer cell lines. Bombesin did not stimulate the in vitro growth of an immortalized human bronchial epithelium cell line expressing low levels of bombesin receptor mRNAs. We conclude that bombesin receptors are expressed at low levels in human bronchial epithelium cells which may acquire greater responsiveness to multiple neuropeptides in the course of multistep carcinogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Receptor subtype expression and responsiveness to bombesin in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. 813 67

The circadian timing system has three principal elements: the retina, the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the human circadian timing system cannot be studied experimentally, we have used another primate, the macaque monkey, to help provide insight into the organization of the human circadian system. The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) in the monkey projects to the SCN, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, and the retrochiasmatic area in a pattern very similar to that in the rat. The monkey SCN has a population of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing (VIP+) neurons in a zone that overlaps the RHT termination and the termination of neuropeptide Y-containing (NPY+) axons arising in the IGL. This zone is surrounded by a population of vasopressin-containing (VP+) neurons. The human SCN is similar to that of other mammals with populations of VIP+ and VP+ neurons, but it differs in having a large population of neurotensin-containing (NT+) neurons that extends over the entire nucleus, and a moderate population of NPY+ neurons located centrally in the nucleus in the presumed area of RHT termination. The lateral geniculate nucleus in the monkey and human is quite different from that in rodents, but contains an area in the pregeniculate nucleus that receives bilateral retinal projections in the monkey and is characterized in both the monkey and human by a population of NPY+ neurons and a plexus of enkephalin- and substance P-containing axons. This nucleus appears homologous to the rodent IGL.
 ...
PMID:Organization of the primate circadian system. 827 60

Amongst the spinal peptide candidates believed to be involved in the mediation of analgesia, only somatostatin fulfills the criterium of a real analgesia substance. Spinal somatostatin specifically blocks the transmission of painful stimuli. Spinal calcitonin may lower the opioid dose requirement in patients with bone metastases but it fails to relieve acute pain. The usefulness of ACTH and CRF for treatment of pain remains to be established. The role of CCK-8, vasopressin and neurotensin is unclear. The contradictory findings on antinociception using simple rodent withdrawal reflex tests (e.g. the tail flick test), or more complex behavioral tests in which supraspinal sensory processing is involved, (e.g. the hot plate test), indicate that these tests are inappropriate when neuropeptides are employed. Furthermore, due to their inability to predict analgesia in humans, they do not fulfill the guidelines proposed by the IASP that animal test procedures have to be for the benefit of humans.
 ...
PMID:Non-opioid peptides for analgesia. 831 62

Current data on the influence of neuropeptides on the growth, structure and function of cells comprising the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis were presented and discussed. The action of vasopressin, oxytocin, neurotensin, bombesin, neuropeptide Y, substance P and VIP have been evaluated. The hypothesis has been introduced that in vivo effect of some neuropeptides on the structure and function of the adrenal cortex is mediated by vasopressin.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of neuropeptides in the regulation of growth, structure and function of the adrenal cortex. 844 30

Acute and chronic systemic administrations of neurotensin (NT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) significantly increases plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in rats. Deamino-Pen1, Val4, D-Arg8-vasopressin (AVP-A), a potent AVP antagonist, completely reversed both acute and chronic aldosterone secretagogue actions of NT and AVP. AVP-A acute administration did not affect basal PAC, while chronic AVP-A treatment significantly lowered it. Taken together our findings suggest that both NT and AVP exert a marked aldosterone secretagogue effect in rats, and that the mechanism underlying NT action may involve the stimulation of AVP release. Moreover, they indicate that endogenous AVP plays an essential role in the maintenance of the mineralocorticoid secretory capacity of rat zona glomerulosa.
 ...
PMID:Arginine-vasopressin release mediates the aldosterone secretagogue effect of neurotensin in rats. 845 9

The ferrets' responsiveness to several known and putative emetic agents was evaluated using a variety of agents that were injected subcutaneously and/or intravenously. Apomorphine was consistently emetic at relatively high doses (100 micrograms/kg) when injected subcutaneously in large male ferrets (> or = 1.4 kg). The responsiveness to apomorphine was anomalous in that subcutaneous injections produced a more consistent response than intravenous ones. In addition, ferrets rapidly become tolerant or tachyphylactic to subcutaneously administered apomorphine. Area postrema ablation, but not abdominal vagotomy, rendered ferrets refractory to the emetic effects of apomorphine. This species, relative to dog and humans, proved to be insensitive to a variety of pharmacologic agents including angiotensin II, gastrin, histamine, Leu-enkephalin, neurotensin, serotonin, and vasopressin. Cisplatin elicited forceful retching and emesis. Emetic responses were obtained with substance P and Met-enkephalin in individual animals but were inconsistent. Sensitivity to DAGO [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5 enkephalin] was variable. Results of this study indicate that the ferret is not an optimal model for all forms of emesis.
 ...
PMID:Behavioral studies of emetic sensitivity in the ferret. 849 72

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), which receives visceral afferent information from the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and taste systems, contains multiple neurotransmitters and neuropeptides throughout its rostral to caudal extent. The neurotransmitters and neuropeptides immunoreactivity is located predominately in varicose fibers and small puncta throughout the neuropil. In addition, immunoreactive NTS neurons for a variety of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are present in subnuclear regions. The neuroactive substances localized immunohistochemically in the NTS include acetylcholine, the neuropeptides, substance P, methionine- and leucine-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, galanin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin, FMRMamide, neuropeptide Y, angiotensin II, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, vasopressin, oxytocin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, the catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and the amino acids, GABA and glutamate. The pattern of innervation for each neurotransmitter and neuropeptide is not homogeneously distributed throughout the NTS. Each substance has a unique pattern within the NTS as each subnuclear region contains different immunohistochemical staining patterns and densities of fibers. At the ultrastructural level both neurotransmitters and neuropeptides are present in synaptic terminals that are in contact with different parts of the neuronal membranes. Typically, the labeled terminals contain both small, clear vesicles and large, dense core vesicles with the exception of synaptic terminals containing acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate which do not typically have the large, dense core vesicles. The most frequent post-synaptic target are dendrites and spinous processes. Less frequently, synaptic contacts are present on the cell soma.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the nucleus solitarius. 867 Jul 16

Addition of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) to H 69, H 345, and H 510 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells led to a rapid concentration- and time-dependent increase in p42mapk activity. PD 098059 [2-(2'-amino-3'-methoxyphenyl)-oxanaphthalen-4-one], a selective inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 1, prevented activation of p42mapk by PDB in SCLC cells. PDB also stimulated the activation of p90rsk, a major downstream target of p42mapk. The effect of PDB on both p42mapk and p90rsk activation could be prevented by down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by prolonged pretreatment with 800 nM PDB or treatment of SCLC cells with the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide (GF 109203X), demonstrating the involvement of phorbol ester-sensitive PKCs in the signaling pathway leading to p42mapk activation. Various neuropeptides, such as bradykinin, vasopressin, bombesin, neurotensin, and galanin, which promote clonal growth in SCLC cells, also induced activation of p42mapk in these cells. In particular, galanin and neurotensin stimulated p42mapk activation in SCLC cells by a pathway that was dependent on the activity of PKC. Furthermore, galanin-stimulated clonal growth of SCLC cells in semisolid medium could be prevented by the PKC inhibitor GF 109203X and by PD 098059. Thus, our results suggest that activation of p42mapk plays an important role in neuropeptide-induced growth of SCLC.
 ...
PMID:Galanin, neurotensin, and phorbol esters rapidly stimulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in small cell lung cancer cells. 897 Nov 88

Neurotransmitter induced intracellular free calcium, [Ca2+]i , increases were used to sort rare responding cells by fixed-time flow cytometry. Non-transfected and transfected NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts were stimulated with a cocktail of the neurotransmitters oxytocin, serotonin, substance P, noradrenalin, vasopressin, and neurotensin. In both cultures no detectable response to this cocktail was found. Non-transfected cells were stimulated with the cocktail and sorted for rare responders. After two subsequent aseptic sorts, each followed by subsequent cultivation, cell cultures with more than 60% serotonin responsive cells were obtained. The initial frequency of these responders was less than 3 x 10(-4). NIH/3T3 cells transfected with total genomic DNA from the rat pituitary-gland cell line GH3 were sorted with a cocktail without serotonin. After two sorts and subsequent cloning two clones were obtained. Each of these clones was sensitive to one component of the cocktail (oxytocin or substance P). The initial frequency of one responder type was estimated to be less than 2 x 10(-5). These results demonstrate that sorting by fixed-time flow cytometry is a sensitive tool to enrich very rare cells from heterogeneous cultures.
 ...
PMID:Rare-event sorting by fixed-time flow cytometry based on changes in intracellular free calcium. 900 May 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10