Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective evaluation of emergency protacaval shunt has been conducted in 180 unselected, consecutive patients with cirrhosis and bleeding varices who were operated on between 1963 and 1978. An extensive diagnostic work-up was completed within three to seven hours of admission to the emergency department, and the shunt operation was undertaken within a mean of 7.81 hours. A program of lifelong follow-up was conducted such that the current status of 97% of the patients is known. On each patient, 220 categories of data were collected and entered into a computer program for analysis. On admission, 49% of the patients had jaundice, 53% had ascites, 19% had encephalopathy, 30% had severe muscle wasting and 100% had abnormal BSP retention. Administration of a bolus dose of vasopressin by the systemic intravenous route temporarily controlled the varix hemorrhage in 95% of patients, and emergency shunt permanently controlled the bleeding in 98%. Maximum perfusion pressure in the portal vein prior to shunt did not correlate with survival rate or incidence of encephalopathy after shunt. The operative survival rate was 58%, the five-year actuarial survival rate is 38% and the 12-year actuarial survival rate is 30%. Encephalopathy was observed in 31.5% of the patients, but was severe enough to require chronic dietary protein restriction in only 7%. The portacaval shunt remained patent in 99% of patients. Of the survivors, 48% abstained from alcohol, 60% resumed gainful employment or housekeeping, and two-thirds were judged to be in excellent or good condition after one and five years. Preoperative factors that adversely influenced survival rate were ascites, SGOT >/= 100 units, BSP retention >50%, hypokalemic alkalosis, blood transfusion requirement >/= 5 L, and consumption of alcohol within seven day[unk] of admission. In comparison with our previous prospective studies, emergency portacaval shunt produced a significantly greater long-term survival rate than either emergency medical therapy or emergency varix ligation, followed by elective shunt. During the past four years, 80% of 49 unselected patients have survived emergency shunt, and the four year actuarial survival rate is 69%.
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PMID:Long-term results of emergency portacaval shunt for bleeding esophageal varices in unselected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. 696 81

Transcription of cell-specific vasopressin and oxytocin genes as well as transcription of those housekeeping genes responsible for general metabolic activation and cellular hypertrophy is induced in supraoptic hypothalamic neurons by rises in plasma osmolarity. In this study, the nuclear volume, the ultrastructure of chromatin and the number and distribution of nuclear particles in the cell nuclei of supraoptic neurons of 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed after osmotically induced activation of transcription by periods of acute (1 day) and chronic (6 days) dehydration, and after halting the stimulation by rehydration of animals. The nuclear volume and the ultrastructure of chromatin were assessed on ultrathin sections. The number and distribution of nuclear particles were assessed on freeze-fracture replicas. The initial phase of osmotically induced enhancement of transcription was accompanied by an increase in nuclear volume and by a partial replacement of nuclear particles of large diameter (> 11 nm) by smaller nuclear particles. This latter change affected predominantly the nuclear periphery (0-1,000 nm from the nuclear membrane) and occurred simultaneously with a partial decondensation of chromatin clusters that may be related to chromatin unfolding. In chronically stimulated animals, the decondensation of chromatin and the replacement of large nuclear particles by smaller ones was enhanced in the nuclear periphery and was partially propagated to the interior of the nucleus. After suppression of cellular activation by rehydration of animals, the number of nuclear particles returned to control levels in the nuclear periphery while in the center of the nucleus the number of small particles decreased and the number of large particles increased as compared to control values. These results, together with the observation that in unstimulated cells the nuclear periphery and the nuclear interior differ in their composition of nuclear particles, evidence a structural and functional compartmentalization in the cell nucleus of supraoptic neurons.
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PMID:Nuclear compartmentalization in transcriptionally activated hypothalamic neurons. 836 93

Arginine vasopressin interacts with the vasopressin type 1a receptor (V1aR) to initiate physiological effects such as vasoconstriction of blood vessels and glycogenolysis. AVP is also involved in central nervous effects such as body homeostasis and blood pressure control. The complete genomic organization of the sheep V1aR gene has been determined, including the presence of one major and two minor transcriptional start sites at -321, -206 and -91bp respectively, relative to the ATG codon. Another more distal minor transcriptional start site was also localized between nucleotides -997 and -892 relative to the ATG codon. One intron exists in the sheep V1aR gene and potential cis- and trans- acting sites were identified in the sheep V1aR promoter. The promoter was also compared to the rat V1aR promoter. The sheep V1aR promoter displays features typical of housekeeping genes, although tissue-specific expression does not support this. V1aR mRNA is absent in the adult sheep liver but not the kidney. One copy of the V1aR gene exists in the sheep genome, which was localized to chromosome 3q23-24, and to the homoeologous position, 5q23-24 in cattle.
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PMID:Genomic characterization of the sheep vasopressin V1a receptor gene and promoter, with assignment to bands q23-24 of sheep chromosome 3 and cattle chromosome 5. 1056 25

Hypertension is a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Adenovirus gene transfer of endothelin-1 (Ad.CMV.ET-1) in rats produced significant (5-fold) increases in plasma ET-1 and systemic blood pressure (46%) 4 days after viral administration, compared with beta-galactosidase (Ad.CMV.beta-gal) injected as control. The density (B(max)) of the ET receptor ET(A) measured in aortas was reduced significantly by more than 50% to 17+/-2 fmol.mg(-1) of protein for the Ad.CMV.ET-1 group compared with 39+/-6 fmol x mg(-1) of protein for the control. There was no change in the density of the smaller population of the ET(B) sub-type. In agreement, the ratio of ET(A) mRNA to cyclophilin mRNA (a housekeeping gene) measured by Northern analysis was reduced in Ad.CMV.ET-1 rats compared with controls. The ratio of mRNA encoding the ET(B) sub-type did not change. ET-1 vasoconstriction was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in aortas from Ad.CMV.ET-1-treated rats [pD(2)=8.67+/-0.14 (where pD(2) is -log(10)EC(50)); n=11] versus the control (pD(2)=9.11+/-0.06; n=14) but there was no significant difference in the potency of two other vasoconstrictors tested (noradrenaline and Arg-vasopressin), indicating this was a specific effect on ET receptors. There was no change in the affinity of ET-1 binding to either receptor sub-type in the experimental group compared with the control, demonstrating that the attenuation in the constrictor response is the result of the reduced density of receptors rather than a change in affinity. The results show that ET(A) (but not ET(B)) receptors are modulated in this experimental model of hypertension and provide further evidence for selective blockade of the ET(A) receptor as a therapeutic strategy.
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PMID:Elevated systemic levels of endothelin-1 and blood pressure correlate with blunted constrictor responses and downregulation of endothelin(A), but not endothelin(B), receptors in an animal model of hypertension. 1219 22

The urea channel UT-A1 and the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mediate vasopressin-regulated transport in the renal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). To identify the proteins that interact with UT-A1 and AQP2 in native rat IMCD cells, we carried out chemical cross-linking followed by detergent solubilization, immunoprecipitation, and LC-MS/MS analysis of the immunoprecipitated material. The analyses revealed 133 UT-A1-interacting proteins and 139 AQP2-interacting proteins, each identified in multiple replicates. Fifty-three proteins that were present in both the UT-A1 and the AQP2 interactomes can be considered as mediators of housekeeping interactions, likely common to all plasma membrane proteins. Among proteins unique to the UT-A1 list were those involved in posttranslational modifications: phosphorylation (protein kinases Cdc42bpb, Phkb, Camk2d, and Mtor), ubiquitylation/deubiquitylation (Uba1, Usp9x), and neddylation (Nae1 and Uba3). Among the proteins unique to the AQP2 list were several Rab proteins (Rab1a, Rab2a, Rab5b, Rab5c, Rab7a, Rab11a, Rab11b, Rab14, Rab17) involved in membrane trafficking. UT-A1 was found to interact with UT-A3, although quantitative proteomics revealed that most UT-A1 molecules in the cell are not bound to UT-A3. In vitro incubation of UT-A1 peptides with the protein kinases identified in the UT-A1 interactome revealed that all except Mtor were capable of phosphorylating known sites in UT-A1. Overall, the UT-A1 and AQP2 interactomes provide a snapshot of a dynamic process in which UT-A1 and AQP2 are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, processed through the Golgi apparatus, delivered to endosomes that move into and out of the plasma membrane, and are regulated in the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Identification of UT-A1- and AQP2-interacting proteins in rat inner medullary collecting duct. 2904 92