Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Wistar rats were anaesthetized, injected intracisternally (i.c.) with saline or colchicine and were decapitated at various time intervals. Trunk blood was collected for the determination of immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTHi) by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and of corticosterone by a fluorometric assay. Changes in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) content of the median eminence (ME) were assessed by quantitative immunocytochemistry (QICC) on cryostat sections of ME preparations or by RIA of CRF in ME-extracts. Administration of colchicine resulted in a long-lasting and dose-dependent stimulation of ACTHi secretion. At a dose of 25 micrograms, high plasma ACTHi levels were found for up to 24 h. A dose of 5 micrograms per rat, that has been reported to effectively block vasopressin transport in paraventricular-neurohypophyseal neurons, resulted in a small elevation of plasma ACTHi. In intact rats, i.c. administration of saline of saline containing 5 micrograms of colchicine had no effect on the CRF content in the ME. In contrast, colchicine caused a depletion of the CRF stores in the ME of 1-week adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. The disappearance rate was 9.2%/h as measured by RIA and 11.2%/h as measured by QICC. When plasma corticosterone and ACTHi were normalized by giving ADX rats corticosterone in drinking water, the colchicine-induced depletion of the CRF stores was fully prevented. We conclude that the rate of decline of CRF in the ME of rats treated with a non-toxic dose of colchicine to block axonal transport is positively correlated to the secretory activity of CRF neurons of the paraventricular-infundibular system.
 ...
PMID:Effect of axonal transport blockade on corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in the median eminence of intact and adrenalectomized rats: relationship between depletion rate and secretory activity. 245 50

We have examined the distribution pattern and the density of various neuropeptide, neurotransmitter and enzyme containing neurons in the rat medial septum and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca to assess their possible involvement in the septohippocampal, septocortical and septobulbar pathways. Immunohistochemical methods were combined with the retrograde transport of a protein-gold complex injected in the hippocampus, the cingulate cortex or the olfactory bulb. Cholinergic neurons were the most numerous. Galanin-positive neurons were about two or three times less numerous than cholinergic cells. Both these cell types had a similar location though the choline acetyl transferase-like immunoreactive cells extended more caudally in the horizontal limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. Immunoreactive cells for other neuroactive substances were few (calcitonin gene-related peptide, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. [Met]enkephalin-arg-gly-leu) or occasional (dynorphin B, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y and substance P). No immunoreactive cells for bombesin, alpha atrial natriuretic factor, corticotropin releasing factor, 5-hydroxytryptamine, melanocyte stimulating hormone, oxytocin, prolactin, tyrosine hydroxylase or arg-vasopressin were present. Choline acetyltransferase- and galanin-like immunoreactive cells densely participate to septal efferents. Cholinergic neurons constituted the bulk of septal efferent neurons. Galanin-positive cells were 22% of septohippocampal, 8% of septocortical, and 9% of septobulbar neurons. Galanin containing septohippocampal neurons were found in the medial septum and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca; galanin-positive septobulbar and septocortical cells were limited to the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. Occasional double-labellings were noticed with some peptides other than galanin. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide and enkephalin were the most often observed; some other projecting cells stained for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or dynorphin B. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, calcitonin gene-related peptide and enkephalin were observed in septohippocampal neurons; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and vasoactive intestinal peptide were observed in septocortical neurons and calcitonin gene-related peptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and dynorphin B were observed in septo-bulbar cells. These results show that, in addition to acetylcholine, galanin is a major cellular neuroactive substance in septal projections to the hippocampus, the cingulate cortex and the olfactory bulb. The presence of septal projecting neurons immunoreactive for other peptides shows that a variety of distinct peptides may also participate, but in a smaller number, to septal efferent pathways.
 ...
PMID:Cholinergic and peptidergic projections from the medial septum and the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca to dorsal hippocampus, cingulate cortex and olfactory bulb: a combined wheatgerm agglutinin-apohorseradish peroxidase-gold immunohistochemical study. 247 18

Both oxytocin (OXY) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) enhance the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on ACTH release by the pituitary. One of these, AVP, plays a role in the control of fluid balance and responses to hypoxemic stress in the fetal sheep. To determine the possibility that OXY also participates in fetal neuroendocrine events, OXY-containing neuronal structures must first be demonstrated within the fetal endocrine hypothalamus. OXY-immunoreactive elements were examined in fetal sheep hypothalami late in gestation and compared to AVP-containing structures using immunocytochemical procedures. Six fetal sheep ranging from 126 to 144 days gestational age were delivered via cesarian section from timed pregnant Rambouillet-Columbia ewes and killed by an overdose of anesthesia. The fetal head was perfused via bilateral carotid catheters and processed for immunocytochemical localization of OXY or AVP using the avidin-biotin complex procedure. At all fetal ages examined, OXY- and AVP-containing neurons were found within the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), supraoptic nuclei (SON) and accessory magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei. OXY-containing neurons were found principally in the SON and PVN. They were generally less numerous and less intensely stained than the AVP neurons. In the SON, they concentrated along the dorsal borders of the nucleus above the AVP neurons. In PVN, clusters of OXY cells were located along the dorsal and lateral borders of the nucleus surrounding the AVP neurons; in the periventricular division, they were intermingled with the AVP neurons. Small numbers of OXY axons were located in the external zone of the median eminence; whereas most OXY axons extended into the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract and posterior lobe of the pituitary. A few of the OXY axons in the pituitary stalk were diverted to the pars intermedia. Likewise, some of the OXY fibers from the external zone of the median eminence entered the pars tuberalis but were rarely found in the distal lobe of the pituitary. In contrast, AVP axons richly innervated the external zone of the median eminence, and neural lobe. Like OXY, AVP axons from the median eminence and the pituitary stalk sent projections to the adenohypophysis. AVP fibers in the pars distalis frequently contacted corticotropes and were more numerous than OXY fibers in this region. These data provide anatomical evidence that OXY and AVP may directly regulate the fetal adenohypophysis. Of these two neuropeptides, AVP predominates anatomically.
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptide cells and fibers in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the fetal sheep: comparison of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin. 251 63

The release of beta-endorphin-immunoreactivity (beta E-IR) from rat pituitary anterior lobe (AL) quarters, neurointermediate lobes (NILs), and hypothalamic fragments was investigated in vitro. The beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO) and the hypothalamic neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) concentration-dependently stimulated the release of beta E-IR from superfused AL quarters and NILs, but not from incubated hypothalamic fragments. Dopamine (DA) inhibited the release of beta E-IR from NILs and hypothalamic tissue in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas it did not affect the release from AL quarters. Arginine8-vasopressin (AVP) stimulated the release of beta E-IR from AL quarters and hypothalamic fragments, but did not affect the release from NILs. The data indicate that the release of beta E-IR from cells in the pituitary lobes and in the hypothalamus is differentially regulated, but that common principles are involved. In particular, the results provide first direct evidence for an action of vasopressin as a stimulator of the release of POMC-derived peptides in the hypothalamus.
 ...
PMID:Release of beta-endorphin-immunoreactivity from rat pituitary and hypothalamus in vitro: effects of isoproterenol, dopamine, corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine8-vasopressin. 252 39

Following adrenalectomy, it has been demonstrated that parvocellular corticotropin-releasing factor-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rat hypothalamus synthesize vasopressin. The present study examined whether putative vasopressin receptors are expressed in parallel with the appearance of vasopressin immunoreactivity in these parvocellular neurons. A vasopressin anti-idiotypic antibody which immunostains putative vasopressin receptors associated with magnocellular PVN neurons was utilized. Following adrenalectomy, antivasopressin immunostained neurons in parvocellular and magnocellular PVN, whereas the anti-idiotypic antibody immunostained magnocellular neurons only. We therefore conclude that the putative vasopressin receptor recognized by the anti-idiotype is not demonstrated in association with parvocellular vasopressin-producing neurons of the adrenalectomized rat.
 ...
PMID:Vasopressin receptor distribution in adrenalectomized rats using vasopressin anti-idiotype. 253 76

In 10--81-day and adult Wistar rats, neurosecretory cells were revealed which react with antisera to corticoliberin and vasopressin. Morphometric analysis of these cells in the supraoptic, paraventricular and anterior commissural nuclei shows that in the latter vasopressinergic cells develop somewhat later than in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Complete differentiation of neurosecretory cells in all the centres investigated is observed in 2-month animals. Studies were also made on the amount of corticoliberin- and vasopressinergic terminals in the external zone of the median eminence. Vasopressin-immunoreactive fibers are more numerous in young rats than in adult ones. Corticoliberin-positive neurosecretory fibers are more abundant in adult animals. Earlier development of vasopressinergic elements corresponds to a hypothesis of a more ancient origin of nonapeptidergic structures as compared to those producing liberins and statins.
 ...
PMID:[The development of the corticoliberin- and vasopressinergic elements of the rat hypothalamus during postnatal ontogeny]. 253 73

In order to investigate the production and secretion of hypothalamic factors by the prolactin and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived, peptide-producing, transplantable rat pituitary tumor 7315a, we determined the concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)- and vasopressin (AVP)-like immunoreactivities (IR) in the tumor extracts [14.0 +/- 1.6 (SE) and 4.2 +/- 0.9 pmol/g, respectively] and incubation media (0.26 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.01 pmol/10(7) cells/h, respectively). Total peptide content correlated well with tumor weight. Moreover, there is a very good correlation between the CRF and AVP IR, but not as good between CRF or AVP IR and POMC peptide IR tumor contents. Tumor extracts were chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 and compared with chromatograms of stalk median eminence (SME) extracts from normal Buffalo rats. CRF IR in tumor chromatograms gave an unusual pattern of peaks. About 31% of the total CRF IR was eluted in the high molecular weight region. The major portion of CRF IR was located in a wide region of lower molecular weight. The AVP radioimmunoassay revealed a similar pattern of peaks in tumor and SME chromatograms. A propressophysin-like peak and a smaller peak coeluting with synthetic AVP were detected. Immunohistochemical staining of consecutive sections of the tumor indicated that AVP and CRF are often found in the same cell, but the CRF and AVP-producing cells are clearly distinct from the POMC peptide-producing cells.
 ...
PMID:Corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin production in the rat pituitary tumor 7315a: biochemical and immunohistochemical studies. 254 Sep 7

The possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism of action of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on proopiomelanocortin cells of anterior and intermediate pituitary glands was examined after pretreatment of cells in culture with the PKC inhibitor retinal or the phorbol ester PMA, which depletes cell stores of the kinase. We found that these drugs not only abolished ACTH response to PMA and vasopressin, which both activate PKC, but unexpectably also dampened by 80-90% the stimulatory effect of CRF. Cell treatment with retinal failed to prevent CRF-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP. Retinal and PMA pretreatments of intermediate pituitary cells likewise inhibited alpha-MSH secretion stimulated by CRF. These data provide evidence to suggest that the mechanism of action of CRF on pituitary cells involves both cyclic AMP and PKC messenger systems.
 ...
PMID:Indirect evidence that protein kinase C plays a critical role in signal transduction of both vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor on pituitary cells in culture. 255 Dec 65

The firing rate of the sympathetic efferent nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) is lower in the obese rat compared with the lean rat. The present experiments show that adrenalectomy has no effect on nerve firing rate in the lean rat and a small but statistically nonsignificant effect in the obese rat. Injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) into the IIIrd ventricle produced a dose dependent increase in the firing rate of the sympathetic nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in both lean and obese rats. The basal (unstimulated) level of firing was lower in the obese rat compared with the lean rat and remained significantly below lean values at each dose. The minimum dose of CRF to see an effect (125 ng) and the dose at which maximum effect on nerve firing rate was observed (500 ng) was similar in both genotypes. Injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) had no effect on nerve firing rate to IBAT. Central administration of vasopressin produced a significant increase in sympathetic firing rate to IBAT in both lean and obese rats. The temperature of IBAT was also significantly increased with vasopressin and the duration of the response was longer compared with CRF, but the minimum dose to see an effect was higher (2.5 micrograms). The response to vasopressin was greater in the obese rat compared with the lean rat but the maximum firing rate did not achieve levels observed in lean rats. Chronic infusion of CRF into the IIIrd ventricle of obese rats resulted in a reduction of food intake and body weight gain but IBAT mitochondrial GDP binding was unaltered by the treatment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the defect in the obese Zucker rat may be due to a glucocorticoid inhibition of CRF and/or vasopressin action in the CNS.
 ...
PMID:The effects of adrenalectomy, corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin on the sympathetic firing rate of nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue in the Zucker rat. 255 47

Effects on turnover of vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamus and on secretion of pituitary hormones, catecholamines and insulin after intraperitoneal injection of recombinant interleukin-1 (beta) (IL-1) were investigated in male wistar rats. Intraperitoneal administration of IL-1 in a dose (1 microgram) that maximally activated pituitary-adrenal activity failed to alter plasma concentrations of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Rats chronically cannulated in the right jugular veins showed a time-related increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations in response to intraperitoneal administration of IL-1 that lasted up to 4 h. In the same rats, plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were only slightly elevated (2-fold increase) at 30 min and at 1 h after IL-1 administration. Unlike in endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice, where IL-1 induces hypoglycemia, IL-1 did not affect plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin in Wistar rats. In the zona externa of the median eminence, IL-1 stimulated corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) turnover at an approximate rate of 15%/h, but did not cause a concomitant change in AVP turnover as can be observed after insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Since half of the hypothalamic CRF neurons have been shown to costore AVP, the data favor the view of a selective effect of IL-1 on a subtype of CRF neurons. We conclude that pituitary-adrenal activation in response to Il-1 is caused by CRF secretion from a subtype of CRF neurons (not storing AVP) in the rat hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine, sympathetic and metabolic responses induced by interleukin-1. 255 26


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>