Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma membrane fluidity of intact nonmuscle cells from patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) was determined by fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Anisotropy values of the probe diphenylhexatriene were decreased in patient mononuclear cells (0.163 +/- 0.017, n = 13) versus controls (0.181 +/- 0.013, n = 13, P less than 0.01) and in patient platelets (0.087 +/- 0.017, n = 9) versus controls (0.137 +/- 0.015, n = 9, P less than 0.001) indicating increased plasma membrane fluidity in patient nonmuscle cells. Vasopressin plasma concentrations were increased in patients (7.4 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, n = 12) versus controls (4.5 +/- 1.4 pg/ml, n = 22, P less than 0.0005), whereas serum osmolality was normal. These data are compatible with a decreased vasopressin sensitivity in MyD patients. Specific binding of 125I-labelled vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was decreased in patient mononuclear cells (2.9 +/- 0.9%/10(6) cells, n = 8) versus controls (5.2 +/- 1.6%/10(6) cells, n = 9, P less than 0.005) and receptor affinity for VIP was decreased in patient mononuclear cells (Kd = 0.26 +/- 0.05 nM, n = 8) versus controls (Kd = 0.19 +/- 0.02 nM, n = 9, P less than 0.005). In nonmuscle cells of MyD patients, increased membrane fluidity correlated with decreased receptor availability. This might explain the various endocrine defects described in MyD patients.
 ...
PMID:Increased plasma membrane fluidity and decreased receptor availability of nonmuscle cells in myotonic dystrophy. 280 18

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)ergic nerves innervate both the neurohypophysis and the hypothalamus. To test the hypothesis that VIP is a releasing factor for neurohypophyseal hormones, rats were given intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of VIP in doses varying from 0.3 pmol/kg.min to 3 nmol/kg.min for 5 min (0.001-10 micrograms/rat). Serial blood samples were drawn from the vena cava for measurement of oxytocin (OT), vasopressin (AVP), and VIP by RIA. After the VIP infusions mean plasma OT and AVP levels rose in a dose-dependent manner; the rise was significant for both hormones at the dose of 300 pmol/kg.min. Peak levels after infusion of 3 nmol/kg.min were greater for OT than AVP [96.1 +/- 14.7 vs. 33.9 +/- 9 microU/ml (mean +/- SE); n = 6]. In addition, the concentration of plasma OT increased more promptly than that of AVP. Plasma OT was significantly raised over control values at 5 min, whereas plasma AVP was not increased until 15 min after the VIP infusion began. The concentration of VIP in peripheral plasma rose somewhat after icv infusions (maximum, 300 pmol/liter 30 min after 10 micrograms/rat), but the rise was only 5% of that observed after systemic infusions of equimolar doses of VIP (maximum, 6000 pmol/liter 5 min after 10 micrograms/rat). Peak plasma OT levels after administration of 3 nmol/kg.min VIP were significantly higher after icv than after systemic infusion of the same dose of VIP reported previously. Intravenous injection of 0.5 ml VIP antiserum with a binding capacity of VIP of 2.3 micrograms/ml before the icv administration of VIP (1 microgram/rat) did not prevent the VIP-induced rise in plasma OT and AVP. These observations suggest a central site of action for VIP in OT and AVP release, probably in the hypothalamus. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that endogenous VIP is a physiological regulator of OT and AVP release in rats.
 ...
PMID:Release of oxytocin and vasopressin by intracerebroventricular vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. 316 20

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI) was investigated in the canine hypothalamus by immunocytochemistry. VIP- and PHI-like immunoreactive neurons were detected in the magnocellular supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus. These magnocellular VIP- and PHI-producing neurons coexist with vasopressin-like immunoreactivity and send axons to the median eminence and neurohypophysis. These findings may serve as an anatomical basis for studying the function of VIP and PHI on pituitary hormone secretion.
 ...
PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide- and peptide histidine isoleucine amide-like immunoreactivity colocalize with vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the canine hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neuronal system. 353 28

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was infused into the aorta of pentobarbitone-anesthetized rats (n = 12) in stepwise increasing doses of 0.001 to 10 micrograms/rat at rates varying from 0.3 pmol/min/kg to 3000 pmol/min/kg over 3 min. Blood was withdrawn from the vena cava inferior for the measurement of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) by RIA. The loss of blood was compensated for by infusion of isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl with 0.5% human serum albumin). Control rats received this solution only (n = 11). VIP infusions resulted in a dose-dependent increase in plasma OT which was significantly greater than the slight rise observed in the controls. The difference from controls was significant at infusion rates of 3 pmol/min/kg and more. Plasma AVP, on the other hand, did not rise in response to VIP infusions until the infusion rate was increased to 300 and 3000 pmol/min/kg. At these infusion rates, the increments in AVP were much smaller than those of OT, the levels during the highest infusion rates rising to 8.6 +/- 2.8 and 27.2 +/- 4.8 microU/ml, respectively (log normal means). The preferential release of OT in response to exogenous VIP in rats differs from the response in cats where intracarotid administration of VIP resulted in the release of proportionately more AVP than OT. Immunoreactive VIP is found in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system of rats in close proximity of some of the magnocellular neurons as well as within the nerve terminals. This, together with our data, suggests that endogenous VIP may participate in the release mechanism for OT in rats.
 ...
PMID:Preferential release of oxytocin in response to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rats. 379 18

The influence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) innervation on peptide-containing neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry. The 5-HT neuronal system was chemically severed by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) injection into the medial forebrain bundle bilaterally. After this treatment, a marked decrease of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in neuronal perikarya occurred in the SCN corresponding to a decrease in number of 5-HT immunoreactive fibers and terminals. However, no alteration of arginine-vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was detected between 5,6-DHT-treated animals and the controls. It is speculated that VIP-like immunoreactive neurons play an important role in the SCN under the influence of strong 5-HT innervation.
 ...
PMID:The influence of serotonergic inputs on peptide neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: an immunocytochemical study. 390 2

The distribution of vasopressin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, 5-hydroxytryptamine- and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity was analyzed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of male and female golden hamsters. Vasopressin. Vasopressin-like immunoreactivity is localized within neurons, dendrites and axons throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Immunoreactive perikarya are restricted to the dorsomedial aspect of each nucleus and occur in highest numbers within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. Axons containing vasopressin-like immunoreactivity form a dense plexus in the dorsomedial suprachiasmatic nuclei and in a vertical column at the lateral aspect of each nucleus. Somatostatin. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is also contained in neurons in the dorsomedial aspect of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and in thin varicose axons distributed throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei in a pattern similar to that of vasopressin-immunoreactive axons. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons are concentrated in the ventrolateral portion of each nucleus and occur almost exclusively within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. An extremely dense plexus of varicose axons exhibiting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity extends throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei and passes out of the dorsal aspect of each nucleus into the periventricular and anterior hypothalamic areas. Avian pancreatic polypeptide. Avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which arborize within the ventrolateral aspect of each nucleus. These fibers extend throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus and partially overlap the terminal field of retinal afferents. Glutamic acid decarboxylase. A very dense plexus of axonal varicosities exhibiting glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity fills both the dorsomedial and ventrolateral portions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus. Lightly stained immunoreactive perikarya also occur throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei. 5-Hydroxytryptamine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which form a plexus in the ventromedial portion of each nucleus that is most dense in the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the golden hamster: immunohistochemical analysis of cell and fiber distribution. 615 Nov 47

The brain contains a large variety and number of peptides some of which were known earlier as hypothalamic hormones (vasopressin, oxytocin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin) or as pituitary hormones (the family of opiomelanocortins), while others, not primarily known as hypothalamic or pituitary hormones, may also have endocrine effects (substance P, angiotensin II, neurotensin, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin-cholecystokinin, glucagon, carnosine, bradykinin). These peptides, which form a new class of putative neurotransmitters, are present early in brain development and show important sex differences in both their pattern of innervation and their effects. Their peripheral effects may include intrauterine growth of the placenta and fetus, the timing of birth, acceleration of the course of labour and responses to haemorrhage (redistribution of cardiac output and stimulation of blood cell formation). Endogenous peptides are probably involved in brain development, which may explain their general, permanent and sex-dependent effects when given in the period of rapid brain development. Although peptides might in the future be useful for stimulating recovery from retarded brain development, at present one should be aware of the potential dangers of their use in, for example, obstetrics.
 ...
PMID:Development of peptidergic systems in the rat brain. 627 64

Neuropeptides can affect cardiovascular function in various ways. They can serve as cotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system; for example, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is released with acetylcholine and neuropeptide Y with norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons. Substance P and, presumably, other peptides can can affect cardiovascular function when released near blood vessels by antidromically conducted impulses in branches of stimulated sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, many different neuropeptides appear to function as transmitters or contransmittes in the neural pathways that regulate the cardiovascular system. In addition neuropeptides such as vasopressin and angiotensin II also circulate as hormones that are involved in cardiovascular control. Large doses of exogenous vasopressin are required to increase blood pressure in normal animals because the increase in total peripheral resistance produced by the hormones is accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output. However, studies with synthetic peptides that selectively antagonize the vasopressor action of vasopressin indicate that circulating vasopressin is important in maintaining blood pressure when animals are hypovolemic due to dehydration, haemorrhage or adrenocortical insufficiency. VIP dilates blood vessels and stimulates renin secretion by a direct action on the juxtaglomerular cells. Renin secretion is stimulated when the concentration of VIP in plasma exceeds 75 pmol/litre, and higher values are seen in a number of conditions. Neostigmine, a drug which increases the secretion of endogenous VIP, also increases renin secretion, and this increase is not blocked by renal denervation or propranolol. Thus, VIP may be a physiologically significant renin stimulating hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptides in cardiovascular control. 640 Mar 63

An indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the peptidergic innervation of the thyroid gland in homozygous Brattleboro rats (DI) and normal Long-Evans rats (LE). The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the previously demonstrated decrease in thyroid responsiveness to TSH in DI might be due to an abnormality in the innervation of the thyroid. Thyroids from both types of rats were found to contain nerve fibers containing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and peptide HI (PHI). All four types of fibers were found in close association with both follicle cells and blood vessels. Well developed networks of fibers surrounding blood vessels were particularly apparent in the case of NPY. The density of fibers associated with follicle cells in DI was at least as great as that in LE in regard to SP, NPY, and PHI. Fibers containing VIP were found in greater abundance in DI than in LE. Additional studies revealed no evidence of thyroid fibers containing either somatostatin or neurophysin, which was used as a marker for vasopressin. We conclude that the reduced responsiveness of the thyroid in DI is not due to an inadequate supply of any of the neuropeptides included in this study. Since VIP is known to enhance thyroid secretion, we suggest that the apparent proliferation of VIP-containing fibers in DI may be a reflection of a neural mechanism attempting to compensate for a thyroid gland deficiency analogous to the humoral mechanism by which TSH secretion increases in response to thyroid deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical studies of the peptidergic innervation of the thyroid gland in the Brattleboro rat. 654 94

The smooth musculature of the Fallopian tube is important for normal ovum transport, fertilization and implantation. Little is known about the factors controlling the motor activity of the isthmic sphincter. Studies were performed on smooth muscle preparations from the human tube in vitro. Electrical field stimulation of the nerves in the isthmic region reduced the motor activity, particularly in the circular muscle. The response was unaffected by adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists, but blocked by tetrodotoxin, suggesting a neural involvement. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was considered a likely candidate for the neural mediation of this response in view of the high density of VIP-containing nerve fibres in this region, and in view of the fact that exogenous VIP causes a marked reduction of the tubal motor activity. To test whether VIP might be the endogenous mediator of this effect, nerve stimulation was carried out in the presence of large amounts of exogenous VIP in order to occupy all VIP receptors; the motor inhibitory action of VIP was counteracted by vasopressin. Under these conditions, nerve stimulation failed to reduce isthmic motor activity. This was not due to vasopressin since reduction occurred in the presence of this peptide alone. The results suggest that VIP is responsible for the neurogenic inhibition of motor activity in the isthmus region of the human Fallopian tube.
 ...
PMID:Neurogenic relaxation mediated by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the isthmus of the human fallopian tube. 706 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>