Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

30 patients on long-term lithium therapy have been studied. The results are presented of the urinary concentrating ability after water deprivation and the intranasal administration of vasopressin, of the simultaneous determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), of the minimal urine pH after an oral dose of ammonium chloride, and of the urinary beta-2-microglobulin excretion. Mean urine concentration (+/- SEM) after 22 hr water deprivation (= Uosm) amounted to 854 +/- 22 mOsm/kg H2O, mean GFR was 101 +/- 4 ml/min, mean ERPF 360 +/- 18 ml/min, and mean minimal urine pH 4.95 +/- 0.06. In 8 out of 30 patients there was polyuria. In these 8 patients the values were 778 +/- 51 mOsm/kg H2O, 113 +/- 6 ml/min, 415 +/- 33 ml/min and 4.99 +/- 0.08, respectively. Serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme and the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were normal in all patients. No correlation was established between Uosm and the serum lithium concentration during the test (0.8 +/- 0.05 mmoles/l) nor between Uosm and the average serum lithium level during treatment (0.79 +/- 0.03). GFR was only correlated with age. It was found that administration of indomethacin during the concentration test increased Uosm in these patients. The results suggest that, given proper dosage and surveillance, long-term treatment with lithium is not likely to cause disturbances in renal function.
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PMID:A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy. 4 7

Recognition that chronologic age is not per se a cause of dementia opens the way for a more active approach to Alzheimer-type dementias as a specific disease syndrome. "Alzheimerism" in many respects is to the cholinergic brain system what Parkinsonism is to the dopamineragic. Whether cell loss or choline acetyltransferase deficiency comes first is still unclear, as is the role of vasopressin. There is a real possibility that research might produce a palliative for ACh-based defects similar to the action of L-dopa in dopaminergic defects.
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PMID:Alzheimer's disease or "Alzheimerism"? 4 21

In four mature chronically catheterized fetal sheep in utero arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial pH and haematocrit fell during a 16-70% haemorrhage, while Pao2 rose. Plasma vasopressin concentrations increased and were correlated with the percentage of blood volume removed. Following haemorrhage arterial pressure and heart rate were restored within 60 min, while hyperozaemia and acidaemia persisted. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations remained the same or increased and were significantly related to the degree of acidaemia. Upon return of the removed blood, pressure rose transiently and Pao2 fell; pH remained low and plasma ADH concentrations fell, but were still related to the degree of acidaemia. In three immature, exteriorized fetuses (0.4 of term) plasma vasopressin concentrations also rose during haemorrhage. The results indicate that fetal plasma vasopressin levels rise during haemorrhage in response both to hypovolaemia and the subsequent acidaemia. Further the response to haemorrhage is present at an early gestational age.
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PMID:Plasma vasopressin levels during haemorrhage in mature and immature fetal sheep. 4 73

Intrarenal infusion of somatostatin in anesthetized dogs produced a prompt increase in urine flow in association with a decrease in urinary osmolality and an increase in free water clearance. These changes occurred in the absence of changes in arterial pressure, renal plasma flow, osmolar clearance, electrolyte excretion or cyclic AMP excretion. The diuretic effect occurred primarily in the infused kidney indicating a direct intrarenal action rather than suppression of vasopressin secretion. This diuretic action of somatostatin may result from inhibition of the action of vasopressin on the renal medulla but other possible mechanisms cannot be excluded.
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PMID:An intrarenal effect of somatostatin on water excretion. 4 71

Changes in antidiuretic substance (i.e., vasopressin) release from the cut pituitary stalk and the intact pituitary gland were observed during electrical stimulation of amygdala medial nucleus. Electrical pulses of 4 or 36 cycles per second (cps) were used and in both cases the same energy (about 2.160 nanowatt seconds) per 1.5 sec-train of electrical pulses remained constant. Antidiuretic substance release from the hypothalamic end of the cut pituitary stalk and from the intact pituitary gland increased during the 36-cps electrical stimulation of amygdala medial nucleus, however the 4-cps electrical stimulation of this structure did not produce any changes in these processes. The results obtained indicate that the medial nucleus of amygdala is able to change the function of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and can be motivated with high frequency stimulating pulses.
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PMID:ADH release from cut pituitary stalk and intact pituitary gland during amygdala stimulation at various frequencies in rats. 4 30

Administration to rats against the background of spontaneous urine excretion of pituitrine, vaso pressin and oxytocine caused a diuretic and natriuretic effect on account of the reduction of the tubular reabsorption. In rats with removed adrenal glands the preparations under study did not produce any diuretic influence, and natriuresis was observed only in administration of vas opressin. The diuretic effect of the preparations was absent against the background of hypophysectomy, whereas the natridiuretic effect was retained. It is supposed that the diuretic influence of the neurohypophyseal hormones was associated with the activation of the hypophysis-adrenal system, and some other additional mechanism took part in the natridiuretic effect.
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PMID:[Mechanism of the natriuretic and diuretic action of neurohypophyseal hormones]. 5 79

Immuno-enzyme histochemical investigations showed that, in the magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the rat, vasopressin and oxytocin are synthetized in separate neurons. Both the vasopressin neurons and the oxytocin neurons are present in both the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei in about the same number. Preferential location of the two kinds of rat neurosecretory neurons is not as obvious as in the bovine hypothalamus. Their perikarya do not show distinct morphological differences. The two kinds of neurosecretory perikarya are the origin of separate vasopressin-containing and oxytocin-containing axons respectively. In the neural lobe, the distribution of the two different types of axons is described.
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PMID:Identification of the vasopressin producing and of the oxytocin producing neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretroy system of the rat. 5 2

Oral carbamazepine has been shown to have antidiuretic activity in seven out of nine patients with neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. At the doses used side-effects were not a major problem. In the eighth patient a carbamazepine and clofibrate combination was effective but in the ninth carbamazepine was without effect. It is suggested that carbamazepine should be used initially in neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus if oral therapy is indicated, but the mode of its antidiuretic action is as yet unclear.
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PMID:Treatment of diabetes insipidus with carbamazepine. 5 32

Rats with unilateral nephrectomy were offered 1% sodium chloride as drinking fluid and were injected with desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (D.O.C.-T.M.A.) at weekly intervals. During the fourth to seventh week after the start of the experiment, malignant hypertension developed in most of the animals: body weight fell, reflecting volume depletion; serum osmolality and serum sodium and urea concentrations increased; in the kidneys malignant nephrosclerosis occurred. In such animals, plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin were increased ten-fold in comparison with control animals; intravenous injection of a specific vasopressin antibody resulted in a transient fall of blood-pressure (B.P.) to normal or subnormal levels, while the injection of an angiotensin-I or angiotensin-II antibody did not affect B.P. In control animals none of the antibodies had an effect on B.P. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant D.O.C. hypertension vasopressin plays a role similar to that of renin-angiotensin in malignant renal hypertension.
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PMID:Is vasopressin involved in the pathogenesis of malignant desoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats? 5 84

Ethanol (9%) decreases the potential difference across the toad bladder when present at the mucosal surface, the short-circuit current was unchanged. The electrical resistance decreased indicating a change in ion movements across the bladder. Unidirectional 22Na and 36Cl flux measurements showed an increase in the movement of Cl, but no change in Na. The vasopressin-induced increase in Na transport (natriferic response) was also unaffected by the presence of ethanol. It is suggested that ethanol may be altering the apical tight junctions and affecting an anion selective pathway. The hydro-osmotic response of the toad bladder to vasopressin was decreased by 70% in the presence of 3% ethanol. The hydro-osmotic action of cyclic adenosine monophosphate was also inhibited by ethanol, indicating an action subsequent to the endogenous formation of this nucleotide. Tritiated water fluxes (in the absence of an osmotic gradient) were reduced by 30% in the presence of 3% ethanol. The vasopressin-induced increase in diffusional water flow was similarly reduced. Osmotic water movements across glutaraldehyde and N-ethylmaleimide-"fixed" vasopressin-stimulated bladders were also decreased in the presence of ethanol. However, 3% ethanol had no effect on osmotic water transfer across artificial collodion membranes. Ethanol, therefore, probably interacts with the bladder membrane. The Ktrans (permeability coefficient) of ethanol and water is increased by vasopressin. suggesting that their movement is through similar pathways. It is suggested that ethanol empedes the flow of water across the toad bladder by facilitating a physicochemical interaction between the membrane "pore" and the water molecules.
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PMID:Effects of ethanol on the permeability of toad urinary bladder epithelium. 5 35


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