Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypothalamic pituitary function and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) loading tests in two children with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) revealed isolated GH deficiency in one and deficiencies of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone in the other. Secretion of GH was elicited in the first patient by single i.v. bolus administration of GHRH and after repetitive i.v. infusions of GHRH in the second. With these results we confirmed that the hypopituitarism in our patients with SOD was of hypothalamic origin. Both patients also had infantile spasms.
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PMID:Growth hormone deficiency of hypothalamic origin in septo-optic dysplasia. 207 74

We examined 8 normal subjects and 16 patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors with a combined anterior pituitary test to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the test. Diagnoses included 9 of chromophobe adenoma, 3 of craniopharyngioma, 2 of Rathke's cleft cyst, and 1 each of intrasellar cyst and tuberculum sella meningioma. All subjects received hypothalamic releasing hormones: 1 micrograms/kg corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), 1 micrograms/kg growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH), 500 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 100 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), and a relatively small dose (5 mU/kg) of lysine vasopressin (LVP). In the normal subjects, the addition of LVP potentiated the secretion of adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) induced by CRH, but had no significant effect on the secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones. In the combined test with 5 releasing hormones, the plasma ACTH and cortisol responses were not impaired in the majority of the patients before pituitary surgery. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responses were not impaired in 82%, 70% and 67% of the patients, respectively, while the serum LH and GH responses were impaired in 67% and 73% of the patients, respectively. Following pituitary surgery, responses of these hormones to combined testing were similarly impaired in more than 75% of the patients. These results indicate that plasma ACTH, cortisol and serum TSH responses are fairly good before pituitary surgery but are impaired significantly after surgery. No subjects experienced any serious adverse effects related to the testing. These results suggest that combined testing with hypothalamic hormones is a convenient and useful method for evaluating pituitary function.
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PMID:Combined anterior pituitary function test using CRH, GRH, LH-RH, TRH and vasopressin in patients with non-functioning pituitary tumors. 220 Feb 36

1. The in vitro uptake of (22)Na and (42)K was measured simultaneously in rat adenohypophyses during hormone release produced by several secretagogues and during inhibition of hormone release in Ca-free media.2. Intracellular adenohypophysial [Na(+)] and [K(+)] changed only slightly when the uptake changed. This would indicate that relative permeability changes were the primary effect of the treatments.3. The uptake of (42)K was increased by elevated external [K(+)], but was unaffected by the presence or absence of Ca(2+). Acid extracts of hypothalamus-stalk-median eminence or cerebellum also increased the (42)K uptake.4. The uptake of (22)Na or (24)Na was decreased by elevated [K(+)]. Uptake was increased in Ca-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate; but was unaltered when [K(+)] was concurrently increased.5. Neither purified growth hormone releasing hormone, synthetic lysine-vasopressin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP nor theophylline had an effect on the uptake of either K(+) or Na(+).6. The rapid uptake of (22)Na and its smaller volume of distribution compared to absolute measurements of intracellular [Na(+)] suggest that the plasma membrane of adenohypophysial cells is relatively impermeable to Na(+).7. We conclude that changes in the uptake of Na(+) and K(+) associated with hormone release are incidental to the release process.8. Hormone release produced by elevated external [K(+)] is most likely due to a non-specific increase in permeability of the cell membranes, facilitating Ca(2+) entry into the cytoplasm.9. The results suggest that the low resting transmembrane potentials of adenohypophysial cells may be due to their conjoint relatively high permeability to both K(+) and Ca(2+), rather than K(+) and Na(+).
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PMID:Effects of various secretagogues upon 42K and 22NA uptake during in vitro hormone release from the rat adenohypophysis. 435 23

This review focuses on experiments in humans examining the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system during nocturnal sleep. The HPA system is a most important mediator of the organism's response to stress. The early phase of nocturnal sleep dominated by extended epochs of slow wave sleep (SWS), is the only time of day in which secretory activity of this axis is subject to a pronounced and persistent inhibition resulting in minimum concentrations of ACTH and cortisol. During late sleep predominated by rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. HPA secretory activity reaches a diurnal maximum. Comparison of the response to administration of exogenous secretagogues of ACTH in men during sleep and nocturnal wakefulness indicated that early sleep, and in particular SWS, is associated with an inhibition of pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness, which is presumably due to hypothalamic secretion of an as yet unknown release inhibiting factor of ACTH. Pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness during early sleep was disinhibited after canrenoate which is a selective blocker of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) located primarily in limbic-hippocampal structures. Hippocampal neuronal networks are known to integrate corticosteroid feedback via both, the MR and the classical glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Prevailing MR related activity in this network seems to act as a trigger for the inhibition of the HPA system. During early sleep, the same hippocampal network appears to be concurrently involved in the formation of declarative memory. Activation of GR after administration of dexamethasone completely blocked the formation of declarative memory during early sleep, indicating that the inhibition of HPA secretory activity is a necessary prerequisite for this memory process. Dysfunction of the described neuro-endocrine mode of regulation during early sleep is present in patients with Cushing's disease, in patients with severe depression and in aged humans. All of these groups show insufficient inhibition of HPA secretory activity particular prominent during early sleep, and reduced SWS in concert with impairments of declarative memory function. First clinical trials suggest that this trias of symptoms may benefit from intranasal treatment with neuropeptides like vasopressin and growth hormone releasing hormone.
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PMID:Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal activity during human sleep: a coordinating role for the limbic hippocampal system. 971 Mar 53

Mouse Dach1 is a nuclear factor that is expressed during development in restricted areas of the central nervous system, neural crest, and limb buds. Its Drosophila homologue dachshund plays a role in differentiation of the eye imaginal disc, in leg morphogenesis, and in controlling neural differentiation in the mushroom bodies of the insect brain. Mouse Dach1 null homozygous survive pregnancy but become cyanotic after birth and subsequently die within 24 hr. In this report, the brain of Dach1 mutants was analyzed. Examination of mRNA expression of the central neuropeptides oxytocin, vasopressin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, and somatostatin revealed no difference between wild-type and mutant newborn brains. Furthermore, no significant difference in cell proliferation as well as in the distribution of neurons, glia, radial glia, and neuronal progenitors was detected in the developing forebrain. Dach1-positive cells, which were visualized with Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP), show similar distribution and axonal projections in the cortex and hippocampus in mutants and wild-type controls. Neural stem cells derived from mutant and wild-type newborn brains display similar growth kinetics when cultivated in vitro.
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PMID:Targeted disruption of mouse Dach1 results in postnatal lethality. 1250 35