Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endothelial cells of human umbilical vein and artery, both in situ and in culture, were examined ultrastructurally and at the light-microscope level using either the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase or avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunostaining techniques. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) immunoreactivity were localized in subpopulations of endothelial cells of the term umbilical vein and artery. The percentage of VIP-, SP-, CGRP- and AVP-immunoreactive cells in the umbilical vein was 12, 10, 11, and 7.5%, respectively, out of a total of 5,364 cells (from 15 umbilical cords) examined. The artery contained fewer VIP-, SP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive cells, but more AVP-immunoreactive cells, than the vein. In conclusion, subpopulations of endothelial cells in the human umbilical vein and artery contain the neuropeptides VIP, SP, CGRP and AVP, although their physiological roles are not yet known.
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PMID:Endothelium of human umbilical blood vessels: ultrastructural immunolocalization of neuropeptides. 769 67

In the developing and adult human paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nucleus, a large proportion of neurons contains the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In the present study we investigated the possible colocalization of TH with oxytocin (OXT) or vasopressin (VP) in the adult and neonatal PVN and SON. Adjacent paraffin sections were incubated simultaneously with two antibodies: a polyclonal against TH and a monoclonal against OXT or VP and stained with a double peroxidase-antiperoxidase/alkaline phosphatase method. We observed that TH-immunoreactive(IR) perikarya in the human PVN and SON were also positive for OXT or VP. A clear difference between the neonates and adult cases of our sample was observed in the proportion of TH-IR neurons that colocalize OXT or VP. In the neonates the majority of the TH-IR perikarya was also stained for VP, while only few TH-IR neurons were also positive for OXT. The opposite was observed in the adults, where the majority of the double-stained TH-IR neurons colocalizes OXT while only few TH-IR perikarya appear to contain VP. Our study establishes the colocalization of TH with OXT or VP in the adult and neonatal PVN and SON and indicates that antemortem factors such as perinatal hypoxia might increase TH-immunoreactivity of the VP neurons in man.
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PMID:Colocalization of tyrosine hydroxylase with oxytocin or vasopressin in neurons of the human paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus. 769 71

A protocol was developed combining non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry with enzyme based immunohistochemistry, detect the expression of mRNA in phenotypically defined neurons. Free-floating brain sections were hybridized with the oligonucleotide probes which have been 3'-end labelled with biotin-11-dUTP. The hybridized probe was visualized by a combined avidin-biotin bridge method, anti-avidin immunohistochemistry, and horseradish peroxidase detection using diaminobenzidine as a substrate. The in situ hybridization step yielded a very stable reaction product enabling subsequent immunohistochemical reactions using horseradish peroxidase and benzidine dihydrochloride as a chromogen. Magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamo-neurophypophysial system synthesize either vasopressin or oxytocin; water deprivation and chronic saline ingestion are potent stimuli for the expression of both of the genes encoding these neuropeptides. A number of other neuropeptides with putative transmitter action are synthesized in magnocellular neurons during such stimulation. Experiments were performed to explore whether neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity is present within magnocellular vasopressin mRNA-expressing neurons of the hypothalamo-neurophypophysial system. The results clearly demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive elements were present within a number of magnocellular vasopressin mRNA-containing cells. In addition, immunohistochemical detection of the neuropeptides ocytocin and cholecystokinin was carried out on sections hybridized non-radioactively for vasopressin; as expected vasopressin mRNA did not co-exist with cholecystokinin, whereas a few oxytocin immunoreactive neurons in osmotically stimulated animals also contained vasopressin mRNA. The developed method makes possible the immunohistochemical detection of intracellular antigens with concomitant detection of intracellular mRNA.
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PMID:Simultaneous detection of neuropeptides and messenger RNA in the magnocellular hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by a combination of non-radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. 769 98

A competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using new polyclonal antibodies was developed for the first time for each of two neurohypophyseal hormones: arginine vasotocin (AVT, ubiquitous in vertebrates) and isotocin (IT, restricted to teleost fish). The antibodies obtained were highly specific, showed no cross-reaction between the two peptides and were able to suppress the activity of the peptides in in vitro bioassays. An original feature of the assays was the covalent binding of the peptidic antigen to Covalink microplates. Competition was thereafter made between this bound antigen and the antigen in samples, for a fixed amount of the relevant antibody. Revelation used peroxidase-labeled antibodies. These ELISAs were sensitive enough to detect 1 ng/ml and 0.1 ng/ml for AVT and IT respectively. Moreover, for the first time, the two hormones were measured separately, each in the presence of the other, and shown to exist as circulating hormones in fish.
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PMID:Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the neurohypophyseal hormones arginine vasotocin and isotocin. 777 62

The presence of vasopressin in the Harderian gland, the retina and the lacrimal gland of the rat, has been examined immunohistochemically. After fixation in Bouin's solution, immunostaining is accomplished with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In the retina, the immunoreactive vasopressin is almost exclusively restricted to the ganglion cell layer. In the Harderian gland, the immunoreactivity is localized in the epithelial cells of the excretory duct and restricted to the cytoplasm. In the lacrimal gland, the immunoreactivity is localized in the secretory cells of the acini and the intercalated ducts and the immunostaining is restricted to the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. The possible functions of vasopressin in these ocular structures are discussed.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of vasopressin in the rat harderian gland, retina and lacrimal gland. 783 92

The discovery of immediate early genes (IEG) has provided neuroscientists with a new functional mapping technique. Labelling of neural tissue for the protein product of IEG provides an activity map with single-cell resolution. When combined with labelling for the chemical identity of the neuron, this provides a powerful tool for the investigation of specific cell populations along a neuraxis. Here we describe in detail a method which allows simultaneous bright-field visualization of neurochemically identified cells displaying increased IEG expression. This technique is evaluated in tissue from rats subjected to stimuli known to induce the expression of the IEG c-fos in various medullary catecholaminergic and hypothalamic neurosecretory cell groups. A 2-colour immunoperoxidase technique was used to visualize Fos, the nuclear protein product of c-fos, and the cytoplasmic antigens tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT), oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP). This involved simultaneous application of primary antibodies raised in different species followed by sequential application of appropriate biotinylated secondary antibodies and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Fos was visualized with nickel-intensified diaminobenzidine (Ni-DAB) in the first sequence while TH, PNMT, OT or VP were visualized with DAB alone, resulting in readily distinguishable black and amber reaction products, respectively. This dual immunoperoxidase technique is time saving compared to techniques using sequential application of primary antibodies and avoids the disadvantages associated with fluorescence techniques.
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PMID:Neurochemical identification of fos-positive neurons using two-colour immunoperoxidase staining. 810 Jun

The neuropeptide hormones arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) have been found in the ovarian follicles and corpora lutea (CL) of many eutherian mammals. In ruminants, there is persuasive evidence that luteal OT is involved in luteolysis via stimulation of uterine prostaglandins. However, based on scant evidence, the marsupial ovary has been viewed as being devoid of OT-like and AVP-like peptides. In this study, corpora lutea from the brushtail possum were examined for OT, AVP, and mesotocin (MT) by a combination of reverse phase HPLC, radioimmunoassay, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Peptides extracted from each of five CL were separated by HPLC and each fraction was assayed for AVP, MT, and OT. Two immunoreactive peaks were found, corresponding to AVP and MT standards. The amount of each peptide was 8.7 +/- 2.22 pmol MT/g (mean +/- SEM) and 5.7 +/- 1.0 pmol AVP/g, respectively. The mean MT/AVP ratio was 1.55 compared to 0.26 for the pituitary. IHC (streptavidin-peroxidase method) of Bouin's-fixed CL showed staining for MT in the cytoplasm of luteal cells which was absent in stromal tissue and nonluteal ovarian tissue. Not all luteal cells were immunopositive and no topographical distribution of stained cells was observed. IHC localization of AVP was not attempted. It was concluded that the CL of the brushtail possum contains low quantities of MT and AVP, which in the case of MT is probably synthesized by the immunochemically staining cells of the CL.
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PMID:Mesotocin and arginine-vasopressin in the corpus luteum of an Australian marsupial, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). 817 26

A technique for mRNA detection by ultrastructural in situ hybridization is reported. Vibratome sections are hybridized with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe which is detected using an enhanced avidin-peroxidase technique. Sections are then osmicated and embedded in epoxy resin. This rapid, sensitive technique achieved ultrastructural detection of vasopressin mRNA in magnocellular neurons of rat hypothalamus.
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PMID:[Detection of mRNA in electronic microscopy: in situ hybridization of a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide prior to embedding]. 832 71

A 53-year-old Japanese male noticed pigmented lesions on his right upper gingiva and hard palate in February of 1986. Histological examination revealed in situ malignant melanoma. Chemotherapy, beta-interferon, and oral BCG were given. However, tumors subsequently developed in the nasal cavity in March of 1989. The patient died in April of 1990 after developing Garcin's syndrome and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Autopsy revealed aggressively infiltrating, whitish tumor masses invading the hard palate, the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses, the base of the skull, cranial nerves I-X, and the pituitary body, as well as severe necrosis of the soft palate. However, there was no evidence of malignant melanoma. Instead, these oval tumor cells had atypical nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. They contained no melanin granules, were negative for S-100 protein, and were also negative for various melanoma-associated antigens. They were positive for CD2, CD3, and CD8 by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemistry. It was concluded that the patient had CD8+ non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (diffuse, large cell type) of the nasopharyngeal region, which was preceded by in situ malignant melanoma of the palate.
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PMID:A case of CD8+ T cell lymphoma occurring during treatment for in situ malignant melanoma of the palate. 834 26

The polarity of cell-surface membrane movements and their regulation by adrenal steroid hormones (10(-6) M aldosterone) and vasopressin or vasotocin were studied in A6 cells. This cell line is derived from the Xenopus laevis distal nephron and displays regulated Na+ reabsorption but is devoid of regulated water transport. Apical and basolateral membrane movements and their hormonal regulation were characterized by measuring the uptake of the fluid phase marker horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the secretion of proteins on both sides of cell monolayers cultured on filters. The intracellular accumulation of HRP was visualized by electron microscopy and quantified by the measure of cell-associated peroxidase activity. The rate of intracellular HRP accumulation corresponded to 0.01 nl/minute/filter (4.7 cm2) from the apical side and was 20-32 times faster from the basolateral side. In contrast, the level of protein secretion was 3.5 times higher apically than basolaterally. Among the secreted proteins some were found to be secreted essentially apically, and others basolaterally. Vasotocin increased apical endocytosis (1.88-fold) and apical protein secretion (1.49-fold) in cells pretreated with aldosterone. Basolaterally, only the endocytosis was increased, and to a smaller extent (1.36-fold). These effects of vasotocin depended on aldosterone pretreatment and could be mimicked with forskolin and 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrcAMP). Measurements of intracellular cAMP levels showed that there was a rankorder correlation between the induced level of intracellular cAMP and that of apical endocytosis. This study shows that vasotocin has a polarized stimulatory action on apical endocytosis and protein secretion in A6 cells, and that the mediation of this action by cAMP is aldosterone dependent.
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PMID:Polarized membrane movements in A6 kidney cells are regulated by aldosterone and vasopressin/vasotocin. 839 84


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