Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been postulated that osmoreceptors are situated in either or both of two components of the lamina terminalis, the subfornical organ (sfo) and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (ovlt) and that information from these sites may be relayed to the hypothalamus directly or via a synapse in the median preoptic nucleus (mnpo). We have investigated the nature of projections from the mnpo to vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurones in the hypothalamus. Microinjections of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) have been made into the mnpo and supraoptic nucleus (son) of the sheep. These injections indicated that in the sheep, as in the rat, the mnpo shares a reciprocal innervation with the sfo and ovlt. Furthermore, the most extensive efferent outflow of the mnpo is to the son, with lesser projections directed to the pvn and other hypothalamic sites. When examined at the electron microscopic level, fibres projecting from the mnpo to the son were found to form synapses with immunocytochemically identified AVP neurones. It is suggested that this pathway is one of the major routes by which information from putative osmoreceptors in the lamina terminalis is conveyed to AVP neurones in the hypothalamus.
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PMID:Median preoptic nucleus projections to vasopressin-containing neurones of the supraoptic nucleus in sheep. A light and electron microscopic study. 185 51

The localization of arginine-vasopressin in the endothelial cells of rat pulmonary artery was investigated by immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. The immunogold silver staining method was used for light microscopy of sheets of endothelium, removed from the artery, and the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used for electron microscopy of cross sections of the artery. With both of the methods used, numerous vasopressin-positive endothelial cells were observed. None of the subendothelial elements showed labelling for vasopressin. The results are discussed in terms of the involvement of the endothelium in local control of the pulmonary circulation.
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PMID:Localization of arginine-vasopressin in endothelial cells of rat pulmonary artery. 203 48

We have observed the ascending projections from the lower brain stem to the magnocellular vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VP-LI) neurosecretory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) using electron microscopy. The tissues were prepared by a double labeling technique combining anterograde tracing after iontophoretic injection of wheat germ agglutinin-coupled horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the A1 group (lateral reticular nucleus in the medulla oblongata) with VP immunocytochemistry. Both the WGA-HRP-labeled and the unlabeled axon terminals made synaptic contacts with VP-LI cell bodies and processes in the PVN. This indicates a direct synaptic influence of medullary A1 group on the secretory activity of the VP-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
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PMID:Electron microscopic studies of medullary synaptic inputs to vasopressin-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. 209 55

By an indirect immunohistochemical method with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) and horse radish peroxidase as markers (HRP) the presence of vasopressin was shown in cells of dura mater in white rats. Mast cells were identified after staining with methylene blue by the metachromatic granularity of the cytoplasm. It was shown that the number of cells found by means of FITC luminescence corresponds with their number found by means of methylene blue. The use of conjugate with HRP unveils a lesser number of vasopressin-containing cells.
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PMID:[Vasopressin in tissue basophils of the dura mater of white rats]. 211 16

The paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system have been extensively investigated by many workers. The functional aspects of vasopressin secretion (elaborated by the PVN and SON neurons) in relation to the vasculature of the anterior hypothalamus are also well documented. However, the available data concerning vasopressin (VP) functions are largely based on physiological studies. Corroborative morphological correlation with regard to this has received little attention. The present report elucidates the intricate anatomical relationships between the VP-neurons and the adjoining capillaries in the rat anterior hypothalamus. A peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemical study, using a commercial VP antibody, was carried out for this purpose. The observations are interpreted from a functional standpoint. VP-immunostained elements, i.e. the somata and the processes (mainly dendrites), were localized (i) close to the wall, (ii) on the endothelium, and (iii) occasionally, in the lumen of the hypothalamic capillaries. The findings provide immunocytochemical evidence that the vasopressinergic elements are in direct relationship with the hypothalamic vasculature. This raises some interesting possibilities for the former to be involved in: (i) affecting the permeability of the blood-brain barrier for transport of various nutrient substances (important in aging and Alzheimer's disease), (ii) inducing an alteration in the water permeability of the brain vessels on which depends the precise adjustment of brain water content and of brain volume (fundamental to normal functioning of the brain), and (iii) serving as osmoreceptors of the blood flowing through the capillaries and thus providing a feedback mechanism for VP modulation.
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PMID:Vasopressinergic neurons and the associated blood vessels in the rat anterior hypothalamus: an immunohistochemical study. 213 59

Vascular endothelial cells of the basilar artery and secretory axons of the neurohypophysis from rabbits after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage were investigated by postembedding peroxidase--anti-peroxidase technique for electron microscopy to detection of vasopressin (VP). The results indicate an lack of VP-positive endothelial cells in basilar artery, while VP-positive secretory granules were commonly present in the neurohypophysis. The results are discussed in terms of pathophysiological aspect of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
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PMID:An electron immunocytochemical study of the basilar artery in rabbits after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): a preliminary report. 225 62

We studied the effects of microwave irradiation during the incubation of free-floating brain sections with primary antibodies against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enkephalin and vasopressin. Vibratome sections of perfusion-fixed rat brain were incubated: (a) overnight at room temperature (20-22 degrees C), (b) during various periods of time under microwave irradiation, such that the induced temperatures did not exceed 10 degrees C, (c) same as (b) but with induced temperatures not exceeding 40 degrees C, (d) without microwave irradiation, at 4-10 degrees C (temperature control for (b)), (e) same as (d) but at 40 degrees C (temperature control for (c)). During the incubation-irradiation we continuously monitored the temperature and controlled it by cooling and by manipulating the energy output of the magnetron. The peroxidase immunocytochemical procedure was completed using for all sections the same incubation parameters. Selected GABA-immunoreacted sections were examined in the electron microscope. Incubation at 10 degrees C in the primary antiserum as short as 30 min, with or without microwave irradiation, already results in (weak) binding of the antibodies to immunoreactive structures. One or 2 h of incubation in the primary antiserum in the microwave oven at 40 degrees C or at the same temperature outside the microwave oven results in excellent staining of GABA-immunoreactive structures and of good staining of enkephalin- or vasopressin-immunoreactive structures. The ultrastructural details were much better preserved in incubated-irradiated sections than in sections incubated overnight and only slightly less preserved than in the other control sections. There is no improved penetration of the antibodies into the sections. We conclude that by using microwave technology or by raising the temperature of the incubation medium, the time of incubation, at least in these antisera, can be shortened drastically, whereas the ultrastructural details remain well preserved.
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PMID:Immunocytochemistry on free-floating sections of rat brain using microwave irradiation during the incubation in the primary antiserum: light and electron microscopy. 228 84

The noradrenergic innervation of vasopressin (VP) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat was studied ultrastructurally by double-labeling immunocytochemistry combining the preembedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) with the post-embedding immunogold staining method for neurophysin II, the carrier protein of VP. DBH-like immunoreactive nerve terminals were found to make synaptic contacts with neurophysin II-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and their processes. This provides morphological evidence for noradrenergic control of the release of VP, at the PVN of the rat.
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PMID:Ultrastructural demonstration of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals on vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat by double-labeling immunocytochemistry. 229 99

Golden hamsters with established dominant/subordinate relationships communicate their social status by rubbing pheromone-producing flank glands against objects in the environment. This behavior, called flank marking, is controlled by vasopressin-sensitive neurons localized to the anterior hypothalamus. Vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons in the nucleus circularis and medial aspect of the supraoptic nucleus are thought to be a source of neurotransmitter for the initiation of flank marking. The present study was undertaken to examine the extrahypothalamic control of flank marking. The anatomical and functional connections between the lateral septum and the vasopressin-containing nuclear groups in and around the anterior hypothalamus were examined by: (1) tracing afferent and efferent connections following microinjection of horseradish peroxidase and Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin into the lateral septum, and (2) recording odor-induced flank marking prior to and following ibotenate lesions in the septum. The greatest number of perikarya retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase were found lateral to the anterior hypothalamus and ventral to the fornix in the area of the lateral hypothalamus. The vasopressin-containing nuclear groups, e.g., paraventricular, supraoptic, suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the nucleus circularis, were devoid of labeled perikarya. Nerve terminals anterogradely labeled with Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin were primarily localized to the anterior hypothalamus, in and around the nucleus circularis, and the medial aspect of the supraoptic nucleus. The lateral aspect of the supraoptic nucleus was devoid of nerve terminals as were the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei. The anatomical connections between the lateral septum and the hypothalamus appear to be necessary for the control of flank marking, since the microinjection of ibotenate into this limbic site significantly reduced odor-induced flank marking as compared to control microinjections of 0.9% NaCl.
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PMID:Evidence for a functional and anatomical relationship between the lateral septum and the hypothalamus in the control of flank marking behavior in Golden hamsters. 232 25

The localization of vasopressin, serotonin and angiotensin II in the endothelial cells of renal and mesenteric arteries was investigated using the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for electron microscopy. Vasopressin- and serotonin-positive endothelial cells were present in both renal and mesenteric arteries while angiotensin II-positive cells were observed in the mesenteric artery exclusively. Both arteries showed less than 10% immunoreactive cells. The lack of angiotensin II in the endothelial cells of the renal artery suggests that there may be subtle physiological differences between the renal and mesenteric arteries with respect to the local control of blood flow.
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PMID:Localization of vasopressin, serotonin and angiotensin II in endothelial cells of the renal and mesenteric arteries of the rat. 233 27


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