Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of limbic encephalopathy clinically characterized by a progressive amnestic syndrome and many EEG seizures mainly localized on the left temporal area. Biological investigations revealed diabetes mellitus and a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (IADH). Haemodynamic and metabolic studies by positron-emission tomography showed an important increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen on the left anterior temporal region precisely where the electrical seizures were recorded. Nine months later, severe disorders of memory and a dramatic decrease in CBF and CMRO2 on the same area region were present. At autopsy, a small size oat cell bronchial carcinoma was found with metastases in two small adjacent lymph nodes. Neuropathological examination showed atrophy (neuronal loss, protoplasmic gliosis) in the amygdala; where there was in addition an area of nodular gliosis. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus lesions were severe on the left and moderate on the right side. The authors discuss the nosology of their case in the paraneoplastic syndromes and, with a review of the literature, the role of ADH and cellular hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of specifically localized neuronal alterations.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalopathy, inappropriate ADH secretion and recurrent subclinical epileptic seizures. Clinical, anatomo-pathological and metabolic correlations by positron emission tomography]. 282 90

We performed a randomized double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study of enalapril in 16 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, to assess haemodynamic and hormonal effects at rest and on exercise. Acute effects were measured 4 h after enalapril 10 mg, and chronic effects after 6 weeks treatment with enalapril 10-20 mg per day. Exercise tolerance, assessed by the duration of a maximal bicycle ergometer test, was not altered by enalapril. Mean blood pressure was reduced after enalapril, at rest and on exercise, acutely by 7% and 8% respectively, and chronically by 14% and 16%. Systemic vascular resistance was reduced by 16% at rest both acutely (NS) and chronically (p less than 0.05). The resting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was reduced by 28% with chronic treatment. In the acute study, total body oxygen consumption on exercise was 26% higher after enalapril. Chronically, resting oxygen consumption was reduced by 13% after enalapril, with mixed venous oxygen saturation increasing by 16%. In the acute study enalapril increased plasma renin activity at rest and on exercise by 181% and by 189%, and reduced aldosterone by 49% (NS) and 39% (p less than 0.05), and these effects were sustained after 6 weeks. Enalapril increased antidiuretic hormone concentrations at rest acutely by 73% (NS) and chronically by 34% (p less than 0.05) but not on exercise; the increase in the acute study correlated with plasma enalaprilat levels (r = 0.66, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A randomized cross-over study of enalapril in congestive heart failure: haemodynamic and hormonal effects during rest and exercise. 284 Nov 36

The French technique of anaesthesia by electrostimulation described in 1972 by Cara and coworkers, consists of transcranial electrostimulation by means of a high frequency current combined with administration of a neuroleptic drug, a benzodiazepine, a curare and nitrous oxide with oxygen. Fentanyl is also given by some authors. In order to assess the benefit of such electrostimulation, this study compared two randomized groups of ten patients, scheduled for abdominal and pelvic surgery. Both groups received the same drugs (i.e. droperidol, flunitrazepam, pancuronium and nitrous oxide with oxygen), whereas patients in group I were also submitted to electrostimulation. This study describes and discusses the clinical behaviour of patients and the hormonal reactions before, during and after surgery. In both groups, operative conditions were satisfactory. Recovery and onset of spontaneous ventilation were rapid and no patient had an unpleasant recall of the operation itself. However, most of them complained of postoperative pain. Electrostimulation did not reduce the quantity of drugs required during and after surgery. In both groups, circulatory activity was significantly increased. In group I, the arterial pressure and the heart rate were significantly higher than in group II during and after surgery. The hormonal reactions showed that in both groups adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone and antidiuretic hormone increased during surgery. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration was higher in group I during the operation. The serum levels of cortisol decreased before surgery in group I and rose in both groups during and after laparotomy; prolactin increased before surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Electro-drug anesthesia. Clinical and hormonal effects of transcranial electrostimulation]. 299 Feb 60

The relation between Ca2+ efflux, Ca2+ mobilization from mitochondria and glycogenolysis was studied in perfused euthyroid and hypothyroid rat livers stimulated by Ca2+-mobilizing hormones. Ca2+ efflux, induced by noradrenaline (1 microM) in the absence or presence of DL-propranolol (10 microM) from livers perfused with medium containing a low concentration of Ca2+ (approx. 24 microM), was decreased by more than 50% in hypothyroidism. This correlated with an equal decrease of the fractional mobilization of mitochondrial Ca2+, which could account for 65% of the difference between the net amounts of Ca2+ expelled from the euthyroid and hypothyroid livers. With vasopressin (10 nM) similar results were found, suggesting that hypothyroidism has a general effect on mobilization of internal Ca2+. In normal Ca2+ medium (1300 microM), however, the effect of vasopressin on net Ca2+ fluxes and phosphorylase activation was not impaired in hypothyroidism, indicating that Ca2+ mobilization from the mitochondria in this case plays a minor role in phosphorylase activation. The alpha 1-adrenergic responses of Ca2+ efflux, phosphorylase activation and glucose output, glucose-6-phosphatase activity and oxygen consumption in hypothyroid rat liver were completely restored by in vivo T3 injections (0.5 micrograms per 100 g body weight, daily during 3 days). Perfusion with T3 (100 pM) during 19 min did not influence hypothyroid rat liver oxygen consumption and alpha 1-receptor-mediated Ca2+ efflux. However, this in vitro T3 treatment showed a completely recovered alpha 1-adrenergic response of phosphorylase and a partly restored glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glucose output. The results indicate that thyroid hormones may control alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation of glycogenolysis by at least two mechanisms, i.e., a long-term action on Ca2+ mobilization, and a short-term action on separate stages of the glycogenolytic process.
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PMID:Effect of thyroid hormone on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by noradrenaline and vasopressin in relation to glycogenolysis in rat liver. 299 6

The vasodilator 8-bromo-guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP) effectively counteracts vasopressin-induced coronary artery constriction in a supported perfused working rabbit heart. In this preparation, the coronary arteries remain in contact with the beating heart. The obtuse marginal artery and portions of the left anterior descending coronary artery were deprived of endothelium. Perfusion was carried out with Krebs-Henseleit solution, oxygenated with a disposable infant oxygenator. The internal diameter of large coronary arteries was determined by color arteriography (injection of patent blue dye and gated photography). The effect of vasopressin with and without the addition of 8-bromo-cGMP on cardiac performance (cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximal rate of rise in left ventricular pressure [dP/dtmax], mean aortic pressure) and large coronary vessel and total coronary vascular resistance was determined in nine experiments. In addition, changes in coronary sinus partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and pH were observed. Vasopressin alone caused a significant decline in coronary flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary sinus pH. Cardiac performance declined, probably because of myocardial ischemia. Large coronary vessel and total coronary vascular resistance rose. The vasodilator 8-bromo-cGMP strongly inhibited the vasoconstrictor action of vasopressin, counteracted the increase in large and total coronary vascular resistance, prevented the fall in myocardial oxygen consumption and eliminated changes in pH or PCO2 of coronary sinus effluent. Because of the elimination of myocardial ischemia by 8-bromo-cGMP, cardiac performance was normalized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) on coronary artery constriction in isolated rabbit hearts. 301 62

This paper describes a rapid and simple method for isolation of medullary thick ascending limbs (MTAL) from rat kidney. The technique takes advantage of the fact that MTAL represents a high fraction of the inner stripe (IS) tissue in the outer medulla, and that this nephron segment is more resistant than others to mechanical and enzymatic disruption. Special attention was given in the design of each step of the isolation procedure in order to improve purity and yield of the preparation. Major steps are the following: careful dissection of the IS; cutting IS tissue into small pieces of regular size (approximately equal to 1 mm3); mild and brief enzymatic hydrolysis in a 65 U/ml collagenase solution; separation of long MTAL segments from other tubule fragments and cells, and washing of the collagenase solution, on a nylon sieve (100 microns opening). This technique does not require lengthy centrifugations and provides about 6 mg fresh tissue (= 1 mg protein) from two rat kidneys in 2 h. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show a good purity (at least 95%) and good preservation of TAL ultrastructural morphology. Adenylate cyclase responsiveness to arginine-vasopressin (AVP), glucagon (GLU) and salmon calcitonin (SCT) of the MTAL suspension is similar to that reported for single microdissected rat MTAL. Viability of the MTALs was demonstrated by the ability to accumulate cyclic AMP in presence of AVP, GLU, SCT and forskolin. Normal oxygen consumption was 45.1 +/- 2.4 (SEM) microliter . mg protein-1 . h-1 (n = 8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quick isolation of rat medullary thick ascending limbs. Enzymatic and metabolic characterization. 301 64

We modified and improved enzyme digestion and density gradient separation procedures to obtain fractions of proximal and distal renal tubules with high yield and viability. Kidneys from two anesthetized adult Wistar rats were flushed with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) and then perfused in situ with recirculated KHB containing collagenase and hyaluronidase at 125 mmHg. Cortices were excised, minced, and incubated in KHB containing enzymes for 35 min at 37 degrees C. Dissociated tubules were removed at 10-min intervals, rinsed, and placed in KHB containing 10% calf serum, vitamins, and amino acids at 4 degrees C. Separation was achieved by suspending the tissue in 45% isosmotic Percoll layered over an undiluted Percoll cushion and centrifuging. Proximal tubules sedimented near the cushion. Distal segments were isolated in the uppermost bands of a second 35% Percoll separation. Viability was greater than 95% as measured by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and quantitated by oxygen consumption and ATP content. Basal oxygen consumption was greater than 33 nmol O2 X min-1 X mg protein-1 in all fractions and was stimulated by succinate and inhibited by amiloride and ouabain. Basal ATP content averaged 9.7 nmol/mg ATP. An average 3.3-fold separation for the proximal fraction and 24.5-fold separation for the distal fraction was assessed by the enrichment of six specific enzyme markers, with several of the markers indicating separations up to 32-fold. Isolated tubules also displayed functional responses to parathyroid hormone and vasopressin. Distal, but not proximal, segments demonstrated significantly increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formation with vasopressin.
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PMID:Improved separation method for rat proximal and distal renal tubules. 303 59

The mechanism of hyponatremia associated with pneumonia has not been definitely established. Moreover, renal water excretion was never systematically investigated in cases of pneumonia without hyponatremia. We therefore studied nine consecutive patients breathing spontaneously (nasal oxygen in five), with acute infectious pneumonia and normal plasma sodium concentration. All the patients were previously healthy. Water loads were administered during illness and after recovery. Extracellular fluid volume, arterial blood pressure, PaO2, and PaCO2 were identical during and after pneumonia. By contrast, renal water excretion was markedly impaired during pneumonia and returned to normal values after recovery. This was attested to by a significant decrease in minimum urine osmolality together with significant increases in the percentage of the excreted water load and the maximum free water clearance, after resolution of the pneumonia. Plasma arginine vasopressin values were significantly higher during pneumonia than after recovery despite similar plasma sodium concentrations, both before and after water load. A positive correlation between plasma arginine vasopressin and minimum urine osmolality was found during pneumonia. Thus, impairment in renal water excretion appeared to be due to resetting of the vasopressin osmostat and could not be attributed to any recognized nonosmotic stimulus for vasopressin secretion. On the other hand, these defects varied in severity depending on the extent of the pneumonia and persisted until clearing of alveolar opacities, accounting for their protracted course in some patients. We conclude that water excretion is impaired in most if not in all patients with acute infectious pneumonia (especially if extended), and that the administration of hypotonic solutions should be avoided in these patients.
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PMID:Acute infectious pneumonia is accompanied by a latent vasopressin-dependent impairment of renal water excretion. 305 74

Vasopressin and angiotensin II markedly stimulated oxygen uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb. The increase due to each agent approached 70% of the basal rate, and was greater than that produced by a maximal concentration of norepinephrine. Half-maximal stimulation occurred at 60 pM vasopressin, 0.5 nM angiotensin II and 10 nM norepinephrine. Angiotensins I and III were less potent than angiotensin II. For each agent, the dose-dependent increase in oxygen uptake coincided with a dose-dependent increase in perfusion pressure. The effects of both vasopressin and angiotensin to increase oxygen uptake and pressure were not inhibited by either phentolamine, propranolol or a combination of the two, but were completely inhibited by the vasodilator, nitroprusside. Nitroprusside also inhibited flow-induced increases in hindlimb oxygen uptake and perfusion pressure. The findings indicate a key role for the vascular system in the control of hindlimb oxygen uptake.
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PMID:Vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulate oxygen uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb. 319 58

Theories that would propose to explain the increased vascular resistance that accompanies hypertension include the presence circulating vasoconstrictor substances (angiotensin II, vasopressin, epinephrine, etc.), a centrally mediated generalized increase in sympathetic tone, increased vascular smooth muscle tone due to increased calcium ion permeability, and perhaps others. While each of these may be valid in some circumstances there exists yet another mechanism, indirect and potent, that could account for much of the change in peripheral vascular resistance that accompanies hypertension. This is the erythrocytosis mechanism that is mainly controlled by the kidneys. This treatise concerns the manner in which the kidneys supposedly react to disturbances in oxygen transport coincident with the development of hypertension and the effect that this might have in modifying peripheral resistance to blood flow.
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PMID:Erythrocytosis: a key to understanding the hemodynamic changes in hypertension. 320 Jan 71


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