Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Changes in the structure and function of five neuropeptide families during evolution are considered. The families of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH), somatostatin (SS), and vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/Oxy) are used as models to illustrate the importance of a phylogenetic approach in understanding neuropeptide structure/activity relationships, precursors, processing, gene duplication, novel locations and functions, and gene-associated peptides.
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PMID:Neuropeptide families: an evolutionary perspective. 197 5

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a complex disorder of renal resistance to parathyroid hormone the mechanism of which is unclear. It is often associated with skeletal abnormalities and there may also be other hormonal defects. This is an extensive endocrinological investigation of five of six affected members in two generations of one family. The phenotypic variability of the syndrome is explored: four members had hypothyroidism; two had abnormal gonadal function; all five had abnormal prolactin response to TRH; one had abnormal hepatic response to glucagon infusion. All had normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes, renal responsiveness to vasopressin and growth hormone responses to a variety of stimuli. Special note is made of oral pathology, and evidence of platelet aggregation abnormalities is presented which has not previously been described in the syndrome.
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PMID:Pseudohypoparathyroidism: its phenotypic variability and associated disorders in a large family. 204 19

Hypothalamic pituitary function and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) loading tests in two children with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) revealed isolated GH deficiency in one and deficiencies of growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone in the other. Secretion of GH was elicited in the first patient by single i.v. bolus administration of GHRH and after repetitive i.v. infusions of GHRH in the second. With these results we confirmed that the hypopituitarism in our patients with SOD was of hypothalamic origin. Both patients also had infantile spasms.
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PMID:Growth hormone deficiency of hypothalamic origin in septo-optic dysplasia. 207 74

Plasma levels of a variety of hormones have been measured in patients within two hours of the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and before commencement of any treatment. Increased plasma concentrations were found for norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucagon, aldosterone, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, corticotrophin, prolactin, cortisol and substance P while plasma renin activity was raised. The plasma concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, neurotensin, bombesin and vasointestinal peptide were normal.
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PMID:Hormonal response in untreated myocardial infarction. 210 97

We evaluated six patients in whom a diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome had been made. The plasma levels of the following hormones were measured: basal thyroxine (T4), estradiol and cortisol; and also follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), basally and after acute challenge with LH releasing hormone (LHRH), GRF (1-29)NH2 or insulin hypoglycemia, TSH releasing hormone (TRH) and lysine-8-vasopressin, respectively. Two patients underwent chronic LHRH stimulation by pulsatile subcutaneous administration with infusion pump. In 4 cases, computed tomography (CT) was performed although cranial X-ray study was normal. A severe and generalized pituitary involvement was found in all patients, 3 of whom had diabetes mellitus. Probably, more insidious cases go unnoticed. The presence of asymptomatic partial empty sella (ES) in all the CTs that were carried out raises the possibility that it is another evolutive feature of SS.
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PMID:[Relations between Sheehan's syndrome and empty sella turcica. A functional study apropos of 6 cases]. 217 69

The patterns of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), peptide hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone, antidiuretic hormone, beta-endorphin, growth hormone and prolactin), hydrocortisone (cortisol) and those of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and total and differential leucocyte counts in the peripheral blood were investigated during and for 6 days after thyroid surgery in 20 patients (F/M: 18/2) performed under acupuncture anaesthesia, supplemented by small doses of pethidine (mean: 45.0 mg, s.d. 8.9). Throughout surgery the patients remained conscious. During surgery a significant increase in the level of catecholamines and the above-mentioned circulating hormones and a decrease of immunoglobulins were observed, whereas the leucocyte and differential counts demonstrated leucocytosis due to lymphocytosis, a decreased percentage of eosinophils and a remarkably reduced percentage of neutrophils. In the postoperative phase, levels of noradrenaline and beta-endorphin remained elevated, whereas the other circulating hormones gradually returned to normal values. Immunoglobulin levels and eosinophil counts returned to the preinduction values within 24 h, and those of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts within 2 days. Changes in number of monocytes and basophils could not be detected peri- and postoperatively.
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PMID:The patterns of stress response in patients undergoing thyroid surgery under acupuncture anaesthesia in China. 217 67

The objective of the study was to determine dose-response relationships of growth hormone, vasopressin, blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral responses to clonidine. Ten healthy male volunteers were tested with each of three doses of clonidine (0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 micrograms/kg) with at least 1 week between tests. All doses gave a significant growth hormone response with a peak at 50 min. The high dose gave a significantly higher response than either the medium dose or the low dose, which did not differ from each other. Within individual subjects, there was a consistency of response to the different doses; thus, three of the volunteers had responses of 5 ng/ml or higher to the low dose. Those three subjects had higher growth hormone peaks after the highest dose than did six other subjects. Vasopressin showed a drop following clonidine after the two higher doses. Systolic blood pressure dropped following clonidine, showing a significantly greater drop for the medium and high doses than for the low dose. Diastolic blood pressure also showed a drop, but responsiveness did not differ between doses. There was significant dryness of mouth produced by clonidine, but no difference between doses. There was a significant sedative effect following clonidine which was greater for the high dose than for the medium or low dose. The finding that some subjects had a growth hormone peak of 5 ng/ml or greater after the low dose supports the hypothesis that use of a low dose strategy may be useful in confirming supersensitivity in conditions where increased responsiveness is suspected. The lack of difference between blood pressure responses to the medium and high doses of clonidine--doses that have different effects on growth hormone--supports the hypothesis that differences in responsiveness of presynaptic and postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors exist.
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PMID:Dose-response profiles of plasma growth hormone and vasopressin after clonidine challenge in man. 233 61

A whole mount immunofluorescence method was used for the localization of immunoreactivity (IR) to four regulatory peptides and the bioamine serotonin in the nervous system of Stenostomum leucops (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes). The flatworm S. leucops belongs to the taxon Catenulida which, according to the new phylogenetic system by Ax [2], forms a key group between the coelenterates and more advanced flatworm species. Positive IR was obtained using antisera against FMRF-amide, beta-endorphin, growth hormone releasing factor (GRF), substance P, and serotonin. The distribution patterns of these neuropeptide-like immunoreactivities differ significantly from each other. Antisera against Leu-enkephalin, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), bombesin, cholecystokinin (CCK-8), neurotensin, somatostatin, growth hormone (GH), secretin, and neurophysin II gave negative results. This primitive flatworm shows similarities with hydra in the lack of IR to anti-somatostatin, anti-Leu-enkephalin, and anti-BPP. These antisera give positive IR in more advanced flatworm species, indicating a later convergent evolution of vertebrate-like peptides within the phylum Platyhelminthes.
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PMID:Neuropeptides in a microturbellarian--whole mount immunocytochemistry. 242 Dec 67

Human thymic epithelial cells (TEC) were grown in culture and confirmed to be keratin positive (98-100%) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) responsive. Bovine pituitary extracts (BPE) stimulated the proliferation of TEC. The proliferation of TEC was confirmed by cell counts and radioautography. The BPE was active as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation in the absence of serum and in the absence of EGF. Individual anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH) and posterior pituitary hormones (vasopressin and oxytocin) were inactive alone to stimulate TEC proliferation. The effect of EGF but not BPE was blocked by an antibody to EGF suggesting that the active component of BPE is not EGF. Purification of the factor is in progress. The observations suggest that this pituitary-derived factor(s) may regulate thymic function in vivo.
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PMID:A pituitary factor induces thymic epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. 247 91

Human growth hormone is, in effect, defined by its activity in an in vivo bioassay and the standard used with it, growth being measured as the increase in body weight in hypophysectomised immature rats. The assay reflects the hormone's survival and metabolism in vivo, its cell-cell interactions, the activation and effects of its secondary hormones, such as GF1 and GF2, and various feedback mechanisms. Although it is insensitive, imprecise, easily influenced by contaminants TSH and vasopressin, it is the only practical assay that reflects all the in vivo properties of "hGH". The in vivo tibial epiphysis bioassay is more sensitive and precise, but the response reflects only the elongation of bone. Both these bioassays are well established. By contrast, in vitro receptor assays do not reflect in vivo properties; there may be different natural forms of receptor molecules, they may be altered during their extraction, and the measured response (like those of immunoassays) is not relevant to the biological action of the hormone. The validity of a bioassay depends on the use of a suitable standard. The collaborative study of the International Standard for human growth hormone (in 1984) revealed marked disparities between results with different assay methods. When a growth hormone protein (such as somatotropin, 191 amino acids) is produced in quantity, reproducibly, and with physicochemical properties consistently related to in vivo bioassay results, it may then be reasonable to use physico-chemical tests for control purposes. Many such tests require international reference materials for comparison purposes.
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PMID:Assays for human growth hormones. 248 17


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