Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Idiopathic edema is characterized by impaired water excretion, particularly in the upright posture. Indirect evidence has shown that antidiuretic hormone is involved in this disease. For this reason, we measured urinary arginine vasopressin by radioimmunoassay before and during water loading (15 ml/kg) in 10 normal women and in 10 subjects with idiopathic edema in both the supine and upright postures. Daily sodium intake was 100 meq. Renin and aldosterone were concomitantly investigated, and abnormally high values were observed both in the recumbent and upright postures. Basal values for urinary arginine vasopressin were identical in control subjects and in patients with idiopathic edema. The water load significantly reduced urinary arginine vasopressin in normal women in both positions, but in those with idiopathic edema only in the supine position. In those with idiopathic edema, assumption of the upright posture was accompanied by a transient decrease in glomerular filtration, a major decrease in osmolar clearance and no decrease in urinary arginine vasopressin after water loading. Significant correlations were established between urinary arginine vasopressin and osmolar or volemic parameters in normal women, but these correlations were not found in those with idiopathic edema in either position. Arginine vasopressin regulation was abnormal in idiopathic edema, and this hormone was believed to play a part in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Abnormal regulation of antidiuretic hormone in idiopathic edema. 46 18

The effects of vasopressin administered by continuous infusion (0.75 and 0.5 mU/m2/minutes) was studied in two groups of three normal and two groups of 5 and 8 malnourished children given 0.5 and 0.3 mU/m2/minute. The following parameters were analyzed: urine volume, osmolality, water reabsorption, PAH, urea and inulin clearances, Na and K urinary excretion. Malnourished children had a urine volume 3 to 5 times higher than the normal groups. Vasopressin increased urine volume initially, but a mild antidiuretic effect followed in the normal groups. In malnourished children with a high CH2O, antidiuresis showed quite important figures with vasopressin. A transient fall in PAH and inulin clearances was observed with vasopressin in both malnourished groups with a mild drop in the normal group. Natriuresis with a higher % of the filtered sodium excretion was observed in the malnourished groups and in normal children with 0.5 mU of vasopressin. These results show that vasopressin had similar effects, but at a different level in the normal and malnourished children that we studied.
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PMID:[Renal function in normal and malnourished children given different doses of vasopressin in continuous infusion]. 46 71

A 15 year old girl presented with excessive thirst and hypertension (170/110 mm Hg). Biochemical investigations revealed serum sodium 118 meq/liter, serum osmolality 238 mosmol/liter, urine sodium 90 meq/liter, urine osmolality 700 mosmol/liter, persistenly elevated serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels (5.8 to 11.9 pg/ml) and no obvious cause for the hypertension. The hypertension is, at least in part, volume-related, diminishing with fluid restriction. Features of gross water intoxication (e.g., confusion, coma) have not occurred. The etiology of the inappropriate secretion of ADH is not obvious but is not thought to be due to "resetting of osmoreceptors" as evidenced by failure to maximally dilute urine following a water load test and persistently elevated serum ADH levels. A similar patient described by Epstein and associates in 1962 is presently well with persistent features of inappropriate secretion of ADH.
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PMID:Idiopathic, sustained, inappropriate secretion of ADH with associated hypertension and thirst. 47 98

The syndrome of acute post-obstructive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare phenomenon. The lesion is acquired during the pre-diuretic phase, owing to antidiuretic hormone resistance of the distal tubule as well as a severe concentrating defect. The diuretic phase after relief of obstruction can result in a massive, sustained and life-threatening diuresis. Sodium restriction and thiazide diuretics produce a mild volume contracted state, enhancing sodium and water reabsorption, primarily in the proximal tubule and possibly in the distal tubule owing to aldosterone. The recognition and differentiation of this unique pyloric syndrome from other more common post-obstructive diuretic states are important for all urologists who are responsible for the care of children.
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PMID:Obstructive uropathy and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in infants. 48 May 5

Plasma renin activity was determined in 25 healthy, full-term, newborn infants aged 1 day to 9 weeks. High values were found, the mean level at 1-2 days of life (24.8 +/- 8.4 ng/ml/hr, SE) being significantly higher than the mean levels at 7-9 days (5.8 +/- 1.5) and at 4-9 weeks (8.1 +/- 1.3) (P less than 0.05). No correlation was found between plasma renin activity and systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, creatinine clearance, serum sodium, or serum potassium. Plasma renin activity (log values) was inversely correlated with sodium intake (r = -0.58) or with urinary sodium (r = -0.44), and positively with urinary osmolality (r = 0.67). The correlations reached higher coefficients if only infants aged less than or equal to 9 days were considered. In addition, vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay in the urine. The daily excretion was lower in newborn infants (9.4 +/- 1.6 ng/m2/day, SE, at 1-2 days of postnatal life) than in healthy children (37.1 +/- 5.6), and was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.69), but not with urinary osmolality.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity related to sodium balance, renal function and urinary vasopressin in the newborn infant. 48 42

The effect of pulsatile flow on plasma vasopressin levels during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied in 20 patients undergoing open valve replacement. Routine bypass was used in 10 patients and the AVCO pulsatile bypass pump was utilized in the other 10. In Group I (nonpulsatile) during CPB, the vasopressin level was markedly elevated (3.1 +/- 2 to 80 +/- 22 pg/ml) as was urine flow (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 5.9 +/- 2 ml/min) and urine Na+ concentration (69 +/- 19 to 116 +/- 7 mEq/L). In Group II (pulsatile) during CPB, the vasopressin level (3.8 +/- 3 to 54 +/- 14 pg/ml), urine flow (0.6 +/- 0.1 to 16.2 +/- 4.8 ml/min), and urine Na+ concentrations (61 +/- 13 to 97 +/- 10 mEq/L) were also elevated. The rise in vasopressin and urine Na+ was less in the pulsatile group (p less than 0.05) whereas the urine flow was higher (p less than 0.05). To maintain comparable blood pressure, the pulsatile flow group required significantly higher flows (4.5 +/- 0.2 compared to 3.8 +/- 0.2; p less than 0.05). These data suggest that CPB produces a marked vasopressin stress response which is beyond the physiological range for an antidiuretic effect on the kidney. At these levels vasopressin can exert a vasopressor effect to maintain resistance and affect renal blood flow, as well as producing an Na+ diuresis. The addition of pulsatile flow creates a more physiological situation attenuating the vasopressin response and producing a decrease in systemic resistance and a less pronounced Na+ diuresis.
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PMID:Plasma vasopressin levels and urinary flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with valvular heart disease: effect of pulsatile flow. 49 33

Eighteen healthy male subjects, were investigated under normal sodium intake and after 5 days of high and low sodium intake. Under normal sodium intake, the following mean values were observed -- plasma osmolality (Posm): 294 +/- 5 mOsm/kg -- plasma volume (Vp): 33.9 +/- 4,3 ml/kg -- urinary sodium output (UNa.V): 173 +/- 73 mEq/24 h -- urinary antidiuretic hormone (A.D.H.): 68.8 +/- 35.6 ng/24 h. Under low sodium intake these values decreased to -- Posm: 289 +/- 4 m Osm/kg -- Vp: 32.7 +/- 3.2 ml/kg -- UNa.V: 12 +/- 9 mEq/24 h -- A.D.H.: 40.9 +/- 16.3 ng/24 h. Under high sodium intake these values increased to -- Posm: 298 +/- 5 m Osm/kg -- Vp: 36.3 +/- 4.1 ml/kg -- UNa.V: 325 +/- 67 mEq/24 h -- A.D.H.: 118.2 +/- 45.5 NG/24 H. Highly significant correlations are found between Posm and A.D.H. and between the Posm or A.D.H. and UNa.V. Interest is focused on UNa.V since the correlation between A.D.H. and UNa.V (r = 0.78) is more significant than that between A.D.H. and Posm (r = 0.47). Overriding of Posm on Vp in the regulation of A.D.H. secretion is again demonstrated. Plasma renin activity decrease when A.D.H. increase.
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PMID:[Variations in urinary antidiuretic hormone levels related to sodium intake (author's transl)]. 49 37

Hyponatremia with simultaneous renal sodium loss was associated with the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog with heartworm disease. Antidiuresis caused expansion of extracellular fluid volume, which induced renal salt wasting and a negative sodium balance. The combination of water retention, salt wasting, and inactivation of intracellular solute contributes to the decrease in serum sodium concentration. Water intoxication due to hypotonicity of body gluids induced anorexia, depression, weakness, and incoordination.
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PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a dog. 50 Apr 39

Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone or Schwartz-Bartter syndrome is considered to be a paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome, most frequently associated with a small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. The authors present a case of sub-glottal laryngeal carcinoma discovered several months after the onset of clinical (disturbances of conscious level) and laboratory (hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia, blood hypo-osmolarity which preservation of urinary sodium output) manifestations which form the original features of this syndrome, the criteria of which are reviewed. The y conclude by the need for complete examination, not excluding unusual sites of primary tumour.
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PMID:[Schwartz-Bartter syndrome. Presentation of a sub-glottal small cell laryngeal carcinoma (author's transl)]. 50 41

1. The central ganglia of a number of gastropod molluscs (including the marine snail Aplysia californica and the terrestrial snail Helix pomatia) contain neurones which exhibit endogenous patterns of oscillatory activity. 2. This oscillatory activity can be modulated for long periods of time by synaptic and hormonal stimulation. 3. Stimulation of appropriate pre-synaptic nerves causes long-lasting hyperpolarization in these neurones, with complete abolition of oscillatory activity. This synaptic response is mediated by an increase in K+ conductance, together with a decrease in inward (Na+/Ca2+) conductance. The ionic conductances affected by synaptic stimulation are those responsible for producing the rhythmic oscillations. 4. The oscillatory activity can also be modulated by the vertebrate neurohyophyseal peptides, vasopressin and oxytocin, and by an endogenous peptide-containing extract of molluscan ganglia. In contrast to synaptic stimulation, these agents cause an increase in oscillatory activity. 5. The endogenous molluscan factor which produces an increase in oscillatory activity can be purified by affinity chromatography on bovine neurophysin linked to Sepharose. This indicates that the molluscan nervous system may contain a neurohypophyseal-like peptide. 6. Oscillatory activity can be modulated by manipulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolism in these neurones. Increases in cAMP alone are associated with abolition of oscillatory activity; this mimics long-lasting synaptic hyperpolarization. Increases in cAMP and cGMP together are associated with an increase in oscillatory activity and mimic the effects of the vertebrate and molluscan peptides. Thus, it is possible that cyclic nucleotides play a role in these physiological responses.
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PMID:Synaptic and hormonal modulation of a neuronal oscillator: a search for molecular mechanisms. 51 75


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