Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Massive bleeding owing to cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis was not affected by intravesical instillation of 4 per cent formalin or 1 per cent silver nitrate. After initiation of a continuous systemic infusion of vasopressin hematuria and transfusion requirements diminished markedly. Adverse reactions were mild. Intravenous vasopressin was a safe and effective means to control temporarily life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis.
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PMID:An approach to the control of massive hemorrhage in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by intravenous vasopressin: a case report. 67 49

The apical (luminal) plasma membrane of toad bladder epithelial cells has been labeled with (125I) diazo-diiodo sulfanilic acid (125I-DDISA) as demonstrated by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The silver grains (125I) were localized exclusively to the apical surface. At concentrations of DDISA of 10(-3) M or less, binding to the apical membrane had no significant effect on the fine structure of the epithelium. At concentrations of DDISA of 10(-6) M or less, the baseline short-circuit current (SCC), and the response to cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plus theophylline were unimpaired. At 10(-5) M, baseline SCC was unchanged and the response to cyclic AMP plus theophylline was enhanced. At concentrations of 10(-4) M and greater baseline SCC was depressed and the response to the nucleotide inhibited. The basal-lateral epithelial plasma membranes were labeled by exposing the serosal side to pyridoxal phosphate and reducing the resultant Schiff base with sodium borotritide (3H-NaBH1). In electron-microscopic autoradiographs, the silver grains (3H) were found over the basal and lateral surfaces of the epithelium. At concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate of 10(-4) M and 3H-NaBH1 of 10(-3) M, there were no significant changes in the fine structure of the epithelium. Addition of pyridoxal phosphate (10(-4) M) and NaBH4 (10(-3) M) to the serosal side decreased the baseline SCC significantly but not the response to vasopressin. Covalent attachment of the 125I and the 3H was indicated by resistance to elution in the preparation of the sections for electron-microscopy and the reagent requirements for binding.
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PMID:Differential covalent labeling of apical and basal-lateral membranes of the epithelium of the toad bladder. 81 32

Cytochemical methods using silver proteinate, silver methenamine an potassium ferrocyanide + OsO4 for ultrastructural detection of glycoproteins allow, in the posthypophysis and the magnocellular nuclei of the rat, differentiation of two types of fibres and neurons: one type containing negative granules with a homogenous content of low electron density, the second type containing granules which demonstrate a ring shaped deposit either of silver or of potassium ferrocyanide-osmium complex, likely to be related to a glycoprotein component. The difference between these two types is increased by prestaining "en bloc" with uranyl acetate before the silver proteinate reaction. A similar investigation was carried out on the vasopressin deficient Brattleboro rat; the neurosecretory material, present in some endings and neurons only, is of the nonreactive type, so that it appears justified to correlate the reactivity of granules with vasopressin, consequently to distinguish neurones and fibres containing vasopressin from those in which oxytocin is quantitatively the main hormonal peptide. This conclusion is strongly supported by the fact that percentages of reactive and negative endings, as determined on this basis in the posthypophysis of normal rats from two different strains, are in good agreement with biochemical data reported in the literature.
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PMID:Cytochemical duality of neurosecretory material in the hypothalamo-posthypophysial system of the rat as related to hormonal content. 87 84

This study demonstrates that somatostatin (SRIF), an endogenous peptide in vestibular nuclei and cerebellum, can produce both a dose-dependent death of Purkinje cells in distinct sagittal regions of cerebellar cortex and vascular infarcts centered selectively in the inferior vestibular nucleus. Alert, adult male rats were given a 5 microliters intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) bolus of either SRIF alone (20 or 40 micrograms) or a combined dose of SRIF plus either arginine-vasopressin (AVP, 1 micrograms) or an AVP V1 antagonist, (1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)-tyrosine)-arginine 8-vasopressin (mcAVP, 1 micrograms), through an implanted cannula. After a 4-5 day survival, the brains were stained with the cupric-silver selective degeneration method. Two types of dose-dependent lesions were observed in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei of these animals: degeneration of Purkinje cell responses in the cerebellar cortex and vascular infarcts in vestibular nuclei. These toxic responses were unaffected by application of AVP or mcAVP; hence, they can be attributed to actions of SRIF. The distribution of Purkinje cell degeneration varied with the SRIF dose in different cerebellar regions. Purkinje cell responses in lobules I-III were equivalent at both SRIF doses, and degeneration in the copula pyramis, paraflocculus and paramedian lobule emerged at the higher SRIF dose. Purkinje cells in the medial aspect of lobules IX-X had an intermediate sensitivity to SRIF intoxication. Degenerating Purkinje cells tended to be arranged in parasagittal bands in each region, suggesting parasagittal zonal variations in susceptibility to SRIF intoxication. By contrast, infarctions in the vestibular nuclei only appeared at the higher SRIF dose. These infarcts could be unilateral or bilateral and always involved the inferior vestibular nucleus at the level of the caudal margin of the acoustic tubercle; they often extended into the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei. The infarcts had a necrotic core that was infiltrated by non-neuronal elements. Thus, they appear to reflect a direct or neurally-mediated vascular response to the peptide.
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PMID:Toxic effects of somatostatin in the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei: multiple sites of action. 168 38

The effect of the novel alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, AGN 190851, was evaluated for its diuretic action in the rat, dog and cynomolgus monkey and its ability to inhibit vasopressin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat and dog cortical collecting tubules in vitro. The data indicate that in the rat, AGN 190851 resulted in a dose-dependent water diuresis, which was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and osmolar clearance. In addition, AGN 190851 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of vasopressin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat cortical collecting tubules in vitro. In contrast, AGN 190851 was unable to cause either a water diuresis in conscious dogs or inhibit vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in canine tissue in vitro. In the lightly anesthetized cynomolgus monkey, AGN 190851 also failed to alter renal function significantly. Administration of the vasopressin receptor antagonist, SK&F 105494, to either dogs or cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that antagonism of the vasopressin V2 receptor could result in a brisk water diuresis in both species. The data demonstrate that alpha-2 adrenoceptors can functionally antagonize vasopressin antidiuretic activity in the rat, but not in the dog or cynomolgus monkey.
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PMID:The water diuretic effect of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, AGN 190851, is species-dependent. 168 20

Autoradiographic analysis has been performed to determine whether or not platelets and megakaryocytes can take up in vitro vasoactive neuropeptides such as [3H]angiotensin II, [3H]neuropeptide Y, [3H]substance P and [3H]vasopressin. Light microscope autoradiography has revealed the active uptake of [3H]angiotensin II by megakaryocytes. [3H]angiotensin II uptake by platelets has also been confirmed by electron microscope autoradiography. Silver grains are preferentially associated with the dense bodies of platelets. Neither megakaryocytes nor platelets show any active uptake of [3H]neuropeptide Y or [3H]substance P. Megakaryocytes are slightly labelled after incubation with [3H]vasopressin.
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PMID:Autoradiographic analysis of vasoactive neuropeptide uptake by rabbit megakaryocytes and platelets. 171 18

Vasopressin neuroendocrine function involves the regulation of both secretion and synthesis from magnocellular neuroendocrine cells but the coordination of these two processes is poorly understood. To explore the temporal relationship between physiological stimulation and vasopressin mRNA levels we measured vasopressin mRNA content within individual magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus during the course of water deprivation. Analysis of autoradiographic silver grain densities from in situ hybridization of an [125I]dCTP-labeled oligonucleotide specific for vasopressin mRNA revealed a wide variety of resting vasopressin mRNA levels and differential responses to water deprivation in the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells. During water deprivation, the vasopressin mRNA content of the paraventricular nucleus increases rapidly and with shorter latency and greater incremental response than the supraoptic nucleus. Double-labeling experiments with combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry identified a population of vasopressin immunoreactive cells which maintain very low basal levels of vasopressin mRNA. The location of these cells correlates with the location of increased silver grain densities during water deprivation. One subset of vasopressin magnocellular neurons failed to show high levels of vasopressin mRNA, indicating that all cells are not equally responsive to water deprivation. These patterns of vasopressin mRNA expression suggest the presence of functional subpopulations of vasopressin neuroendocrine cells which may reflect stimulus-specific patterns of afferent input to the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus.
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PMID:Vasopressin mRNA expression in individual magnocellular neuroendocrine cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus in response to water deprivation. 194 11

The localization of arginine-vasopressin in the endothelial cells of rat pulmonary artery was investigated by immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. The immunogold silver staining method was used for light microscopy of sheets of endothelium, removed from the artery, and the pre-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used for electron microscopy of cross sections of the artery. With both of the methods used, numerous vasopressin-positive endothelial cells were observed. None of the subendothelial elements showed labelling for vasopressin. The results are discussed in terms of the involvement of the endothelium in local control of the pulmonary circulation.
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PMID:Localization of arginine-vasopressin in endothelial cells of rat pulmonary artery. 203 48

Antibodies to oxytocin and noradrenalin were utilized in an immunocytochemical study of the caudal ventrolateral medulla of the rat brainstem. Noradrenalin was visualized by using antibodies to noradrenalin and by means of a silver-gold intensification of diaminobenzidine, whereas oxytocin could be demonstrated in the same section by using the diaminobenzidine precipitate as a marker. At the light microscopic level, oxytocin fibers were densely distributed around the A1 cell bodies. At the ultrastructural level, oxytocin-containing fibers were seen to terminate synaptically onto noradrenalin-containing neurons. Previous studies have shown that electrical stimulation of A1 neurons selectively activates vasopressin-secreting neurons in the supraoptic nucleus. Therefore, separate electrophysiological studies were set up, in which we observed that oxytocin infusions (100-200 pg) into the A1 area enhanced the activity of 16 out of 19 putative vasopressin-secreting neurons and elicited no response from any of 10 oxytocin-secreting neurons. This finding suggests that some of the parvicellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, from which the A1 neurons derive their oxytocin innervation, can activate the A1 cell group via this peptidergic neurotransmitter. One of the consequences of A1 neuronal activation is enhanced firing of hypothalamic supraoptic (and paraventricular) vasopressin-secreting neurons, and a consequent rise in plasma vasopressin.
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PMID:Oxytocin localization and function in the A1 noradrenergic cell group: ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies. 209 24

The role of Ca2+ in the regulation of antidiuretic hormone(ADH)-induced water permeability of the apical membrane of the toad urinary bladder was examined. The effects of modifying Ca2+ entry through the apical membrane of toad urinary bladders on the hydroosmotic water flow (phi H2O) and short circuit current (Isc) were measured. In most experiments the bladders were treated with small amounts of Ag+ (10(-7) mol/l) on the apical side. This treatment was used because previous experiments indicate that it markedly increases alkali-earth cation fluxes through an amiloride-insensitive cation channel in the apical membrane of the urinary bladder. Moreover, when Ca2+ is the major cation in the apical solution of these Ag(+)-treated bladders, Isc is mostly due to Ca2+ entry through the apical membrane. Ag+ increased Isc and simultaneously inhibited phi H2O in bladders perfused with Ca2+ solutions on the apical side. Addition of La3+ to the apical solution reversed the stimulation of Isc and the inhibition of phi H2O produced by Ag+. When bladders were perfused with Ca2(+)-free solutions on the apical side, addition of Ag+ did not inhibit phi H2O while the stimulation of cation movements through the amiloride-insensitive cation channel persisted. In bladders perfused with apical Ca2+ solutions and treated with chlorophenyl thio-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (ClPheS-cAMP) the addition of Ag+ did not inhibit phi H2O while it still increased Isc. Finally, addition of Ca2+ to the apical solution of bladders not treated with Ag+ reduced phi H2O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ca2+ entry through the apical membrane reduces antidiuretic hormone-induced hydroosmotic response in toad urinary bladder. 217 87


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