UNIPROT:P01185 - FACTA Search

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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the chronic in vivo effects of OPC-21268, a vasopressin-V1 receptor antagonist, on renal injury, we investigated the mRNA expressions of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-chain, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the glomeruli of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with OPC-21268 for 3 weeks. SHR aged 10 weeks were given 2% NaCl in drinking water for 3 weeks. The OPC group was fed a 0.5% OPC-21268-containing diet for 3 weeks and the control group was given a normal diet. There were no significant changes in the time course of systolic blood pressure, heart rate, urine volume, or urinary sodium, protein and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion between the two groups. Serum electrolytes, protein and creatinine levels also did not differ between the groups. The mRNA expressions of PDGF B-chain, TGF-beta1 and PCNA in the glomerulus were examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The mRNA expressions of PDGF B-chain and PCNA among these were significantly suppressed in the OPC group. No significant differences in renal histology including the organ weights were found between the two groups; however, the glomerular size tended to be enlarged in the OPC group. These findings suggest that chronic V1-receptor blockade directly inhibits the glomerular proliferative injury of salt-loaded SHR at the established hypertension stage.
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PMID:Effects of OPC-21268, a vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist, on expression of growth factors from glomeruli in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 965 81

The vasopressin and oxytocin-containing nucleus (VON) of the pig hypothalamus demonstrates dramatic postnatal growth in nucleus size, both volume and neuron number, during puberty, and continues to increase in size in the adult sexually mature female pig throughout its reproductive prime. This study was designed to show that postnatal neurogenesis is responsible for the VON growth that occurs between adolescence and maturity. Recently divided neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus were identified in adolescent and mature non-lactating female pigs using a sequential immunohistochemistry double-labeling technique with monoclonal mouse antibodies to detect vasopressin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a protein associated with the S phase of the cell cycle. A computer-assisted image-analysis system was used to assess nucleus volume and neuron counts. The VON of the mature dry sows was significantly larger in volume and number of vasopressin neurons than the VON of the adolescent pigs. Double-labeled cells were noted in the VON of both adolescent and mature dry sows, but the number and proportion of double-labeled cells was significantly higher in adolescent pigs. Our results indicate the presence of neurons containing PCNA in the VON of the pig hypothalamus. This suggests that mitosis of neurogenic precursors plays a role in the growth of the nucleus.
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PMID:Postnatal neurogenesis in the vasopressin and oxytocin-containing nucleus of the pig hypothalamus. 1270 35

Until recently, evidence supporting postnatal neurogenesis was controversial. Much of the debate has centered on the identification of the dividing cells as neurons versus glia. Because neurogenesis has become a well-documented phenomenon, there is a need for reliable protocols to identify recently divided neurons in a wide range of situations. To facilitate the investigation of postnatal neurogenesis of magnocellular neurons in the pig hypothalamus, a sequential immunohistochemical staining technique was developed for use on serial sections of paraffin-embedded tissue. Proliferating neurons were labeled using mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vasopressin (VP). PCNA, a nuclear protein essential for cell division, identifies recently divided cells in the brains of healthy animals. VP is a unique functional marker for a mature neuron. The presence of a cell with VP positive cytoplasm and a PCNA positive nucleus demonstrates the presence of a VP-producing neuron that has recently divided. This protocol allowed us to safely and accurately label recently proliferated neurons in the mature pig hypothalamus and can be used on archived tissue. This data can be used for further morphometric analysis, as serial sectioning allows for three-dimensional reconstruction of hypothalamic nuclei.
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PMID:The use of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry with a unique functional marker to detect postnatal neurogenesis in paraffin-embedded sections of the mature pig brain. 1517 88

Evidence suggests that neurogenesis occurs in the adult hypothalamus, including centers containing oxytocin and vasopressin producing neurons. The present study was undertaken to look at one of these centers, the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), to describe its morphology, confirm the presence of neurogenesis and examine the effect of reproductive status on the incidence of neurogenesis. Serial sections of the paraffin-embedded hypothalamus were made from five puberty gilts, four adult gilts and four lactating sows. Specific sections were Nissl-stained for PVN morphology, while others were stained with an oxytocin (OT) primary antibody, which binds to the cytoplasm of oxytocin-containing neurons, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) primary antibody, which binds to PCNA, a protein expressed in the nucleus during cell division. Cells labeled with both OT and PCNA were considered to be oxytocin-containing neurons that had recently divided, signifying the recent synthesis of a mature neuron. The general morphology of the PVN was similar in all pigs, and three subnuclei were identified and named based on cytoarchitecture. Neurogenesis was consistently observed in OT-containing neurons of all pigs studied. However, a significantly greater number of double-labeled (OT + PCNA) cells occurred in the PVN of lactating sows and adult gilts, when compared to puberty gilts. These observations confirm the process of neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of the adult female pig and suggest that the up-regulation of OT-containing neurons is correlated to age and possibly driven by sexual maturation, but not necessarily lactation.
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PMID:Neurogenesis of oxytocin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the female pig in 3 reproductive states: puberty gilts, adult gilts and lactating sows. 1680 17

Aquaporin (AQP) 1 null mice have a defect in the renal concentrating gradient because of their inability to generate a hyperosmotic medullary interstitium. To determine the effect of vasopressin on renal medullary gene expression, in the absence of high local osmolarity, we infused 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), a V(2) receptor (V(2)R)-specific agonist, in AQP1 null mice for 7 days. cDNA microarray analysis was performed on the renal medullary tissue, and 5,140 genes of the possible 12,000 genes on the array were included in the analysis. In the renal medulla of AQP1 null mice, 245 transcripts were identified as increased by dDAVP infusion and 200 transcripts as decreased (1.5-fold or more). Quantitative real-time PCR measurements confirmed the increases seen for cyclin D1, early growth response gene 1, and activating transcription factor 3, genes associated with changes in cell cycle/growth. Changes in mRNA expression were correlated with changes in protein expression by semiquantitative immunoblotting; cyclin D1 and ATF3 were increased significantly in abundance following dDAVP infusion in the renal medulla of AQP1 null mice (161 and 461%, respectively). A significant increase in proliferation of medullary collecting ducts cells, following V(2)R activation, was identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry; colocalization studies with AQP2 indicated that the increase in proliferation was primarily observed in principal cells of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). V(2)R activation, via dDAVP, increased AQP2 and AQP3 protein abundance in the cortical collecting ducts of AQP1 null mice. However, V(2)R activation did not increase AQP2 protein abundance in the IMCD of AQP1 null mice.
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PMID:Vasopressin receptor subtype 2 activation increases cell proliferation in the renal medulla of AQP1 null mice. 1791 37

Abnormal proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle (VSMC), as the main structural component of the vasculature, is an important pathological mechanism of hypertension. Recently, increased levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and copeptin, the C-terminal fragment of provasopressin, have been shown to correlate with the development of preeclampsia. AVP targets on the G_q-coupled vasopressin V_1A receptor and the G_s-coupled V₂ receptor in VSMC and the kidneys to regulate vascular tone and water homeostasis. However, the role of the vasopressin receptor on VSM cell proliferation during vascular remodeling is unclear. Here, we studied the effects of AVP on the proliferation of the rat VSMC-derived A7r5 cells. AVP, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, promoted A7r5 cell proliferation as indicated by the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium reduction and incorporation of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine into cellular DNA. These effects, coupled with the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK_1/2), were blocked by a V_1A receptor antagonist SR45059 but not by a V₂ receptor antagonist lixivaptan. Although acute activation of V_1A receptor induced ERK_1/2 phosphorylation via a protein kinase C-dependent pathway, this effect was not involved in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation and ERK_1/2 phosphorylation in response to prolonged stimulation with AVP were abolished by inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using specific inhibitors or small hairpin RNA knock-down. These results suggest that activation of V_1A, but not V₂ receptor, produces a cell proliferative signal in A7r5 cells via a GRK2/EGFR/ERK_1/2-dependent mechanism.
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PMID:Vasopressin V_1A receptor mediates cell proliferation through GRK2-EGFR-ERK_1/2 pathway in A7r5 cells. 2777 80

Objective To analyze the morphological and functional characteristics of primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) nodules carrying or not carrying ARMC5 mutations and the consequences of the presence of mutations in terms of the pattern of macronodule composition and functional state. Subjects and methods The analyses were performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, microdissection of spongiocyte tissue and RT-qPCR of histological sections from 16 patients diagnosed with PMAH with germline (5) or germline/somatic mutations (5) and without mutations (6) in the ARMC5 gene. Results Hyperplastic nodules were predominantly composed of spongiocytes in mutated and nonmutated sections. ARMC5 mRNA expression in spongiocytes was higher in ARMC5-mutated nodules than in ARMC5-nonmutated nodules, and homogenous ARMC5 protein distribution was observed. The presence of arginine-vasopressin receptor (AVP1AR) and ectopic ACTH production were observed in both cell populations regardless of ARMC5 mutations; the numbers of serotonin receptor (5HT4R)- and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were higher in macronodules carrying ARMC5 mutations than in those without mutations. Conclusions Our results suggest that the presence of ARMC5 mutations does not interfere with the pattern of distribution of spongiocytes and compact cells or with the presence of AVP1AR, gastric-inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) and ectopic ACTH. Nevertheless, the higher numbers of PCNA-positive cells in mutated nodules than in nonmutated nodules suggest that mutated ARMC5 can be related to higher proliferation rates in these cells. In conclusion, our results provide more information about the crosstalk among abnormal GPCRs, ectopic ACTH in steroidogenesis and the ARMC5 gene, which may be relevant in understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of patients with PMAH.
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PMID:ARMC5 mutations are associated with high levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the presence of the serotonin receptor 5HT4R in PMAH nodules. 3226 63