Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was performed to examine the effect of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and that of various prostaglandins on the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI) from the rat neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis, which was superfused in vitro. Indomethacin (2.8 and 28 mumol/l) changed neither basal secretion of vasopressin nor that evoked by electrical stimulation, whereas the resting release of beta-EI was enhanced by indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 did not influence resting release of vasopressin but markedly inhibited (by about 50%) electrically induced release of vasopressin (least effective concentration: 300 nmol/l) as well as spontaneous secretion of beta-EI (least effective concentration: 100 nmol/l) in the presence of indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l) also inhibited the evoked release of vasopressin, whereas PGD2 (5 mumol/l) did not. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l), D2 and I2 (1.5 mumol/l each) produced no effects on beta-EI release. As observed in the neurohypophysis, PGE2 inhibited the electrically induced release of vasopressin from the medial basal hypothalamus in vitro. We conclude that prostaglandins (especially PGE2) can inhibit (1) the stimulated release of vasopressin when acting on vasopressin-containing nerve terminals of either neurosecretory system (neurohypophysis, median eminence region), and (2) the secretion of beta-EI and, as can be inferred, alpha-MSH, by a direct action on intermediate lobe cells.
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PMID:Inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin from rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe or medial basal hypothalamus in vitro. 316 Aug 2

Oxytocin (OXY) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are widely distributed within the brain and have a number of behavioral effects resulting from central administration. We have previously found that central OXY administration accelerated the onset of maternal behavior in ovariectomized (OVXed) estrogen-treated nulliparous rats. We now report that intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of OXY enhance lordosis behavior in OVXed estrogen-treated rats. After treatment with 0.15, 0.20, or 0.25 micrograms EB IM for three days, OXY (800 ng) infusion ICV on the fourth day produced a significant increase in lordosis behavior between 20 and 90 minutes after administration. Doses of OXY between 0.8 and 5 micrograms injected ICV significantly increased lordosis behavior in animals pretreated with 0.5 micrograms EB for three days. In other OVXed rats treated with 0.5 micrograms EB for three days, ICV injections of 1 micrograms OXY or an equimolar dose of AVP significantly increased lordosis while equimolar doses of ACTH1-10, ACTH4-10, arginine-vasotocin, GnRH and alpha-MSH did not significantly increase lordosis behavior over saline vehicle levels. ACTH1-24 significantly lowered lordosis quotients. We have concluded from these data that central administration of OXY (and possibly AVP) enhance female sexual receptivity. This effect is estrogen dependent, dose related and under our test conditions, specific to OXY and AVP.
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PMID:Oxytocin facilitates the sexual receptivity of estrogen-treated female rats. 370 83

The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of oxytocin, in doses ranging from 5 to 90 ng (5-90 pmol) induced penile erection and yawning in male rats. Such response was not induced by doses of the peptide higher than 100 ng, nor by equimolar doses of i.c.v. [Arg8]vasopressin, ACTH-(1-24), alpha-MSH, rat corticotropin-releasing factor (rCRF), delta sleep-inducing peptide, neurotensin or substance P. Oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning were prevented by atropine and morphine, but not by methylatropine or the opiate antagonist naloxone. Haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist, was ineffective at low doses; it partially prevented penile erection but not yawning at high doses. Since oxytocin is present not only in the neurohypophysis but also in other brain areas, our results suggest that oxytocin is implicated in the regulation of penile erection and yawning, and provide further evidence that oxytocin acts as a neuropeptide in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Oxytocin: an extremely potent inducer of penile erection and yawning in male rats. 379 49

In the normal Wistar rat, the plasma alpha-MSH level was raised by hypertonic saline injection (as compared with control rats injected with isotonic saline). No such rise in alpha-MSH followed hypertonic saline administration in the Brattleboro (hereditary diabetes insipidus) animal (compared to isotonic saline injected controls). It is suggested that, in the rat, endogenous antidiuretic hormone is involved in the secretory response of the pars intermedia to osmotic stimuli.
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PMID:Antidiuretic hormone involvement in the release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone by hyperosmotic stimuli. 404 29

In the suboesophageal ganglion of the Colorado potato beetle and the migratory locust three types of peptidergic neurosecretory cells were identified immunocytochemically with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, vasopressin and alpha-MSH. Their locations and immunocytochemical reactions are similar, which suggests that these peptidergic cells in both insect species are homologous and perhaps have similar functions.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of a homology in peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the suboesophageal ganglion of a beetle and a locust with antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, vasopressin and alpha-MSH. 609 Sep 97

Opioid analgesics influence the function of a number of neurotransmitter systems including classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and endogenous opioids. The role of these interactions in analgesia, tolerance and dependence is reviewed. Opioids inhibit the release of substance P from high threshold primary afferents, depress the activity of dorsal horn neurons and increase activity in serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons projecting from brainstem to spinal regions. Chronic administration of opioids modifies the dynamics of classical transmitters and those of endogenous opioid peptides in the brain, spinal cord and the pituitary gland. However, the effects observed are very variable. Several neuropeptides (vasopressin, MIF, alpha-MSH, CCK and dynorphin) have been reported to modify acute and chronic effects of opioids. Tolerance and dependence seen after opiate administration may involve changes in the function of these peptides.
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PMID:Opioid-neurotransmitter interactions: significance in analgesia, tolerance and dependence. 615 40

Enkephalin and neurophysin immunoreactivity have been co-localized in terminals of frozen-dried cat posterior pituitary, using two methods of immunocytochemistry--the protein A-gold procedure and the PAP method. Absorption controls show reduced staining in all cases. Intermediate lobe cells are negative using the enkephalin and neurophysin antisera, but with alpha-MSH antiserum, posterior lobe terminals are negative and intermediate lobe cells are positive. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that inhibition of release of oxytocin and vasopressin by the pituitary opioid system is accomplished by an autoregulatory mechanism in which the release of enkephalin with oxytocin or vasopressin serves to inhibit release of the neurohormones.
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PMID:Co-localization of neurophysin- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in cat pituitary. 616 69

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has been shown to act directly on the mammalian melanocyte in short-term cultures of hair follicles obtained from the Siberian hamster. Melanogenesis was stimulated through an increase in tyrosinase activity which resulted in an increase in melanin production. The response of hair follicle melanocytes to alpha-MSH occurred only in follicles taken from moulting animals, implying that they show a discontinuous expression of MSH receptors during the hair follicle growth cycle. Synthetic 1-24 ACTH had no effect on melanogenesis regardless of whether the follicles came from moulting or non-moulting animals. The pineal peptide, [8-arginine]-vasotocin (AVT), inhibited melanin production without a concomitant decrease in tyrosinase activity. In this respect AVT resembled melatonin, although AVT showed a potency ratio of less than half on a molar basis. The action of AVT, like that of melatonin, must ultimately be on some post-tyrosinase step in melanin biosynthesis. In these hair follicle melanocytes AVT seems to bind to specific receptors since neither of the closely related peptides, oxytocin and [8-arginine]-vasopressin, displayed any activity in our culture system.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and [8-arginine]-vasotocin upon melanogenesis in hair follicle melanocytes in vitro. 627 86

The effect of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF), alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on the release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides (beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, adrenocorticotropin, and the 12K N-terminal) was studied in primary cultures of human anterior pituitary (HAP) cells. The peptides released into the medium were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. HAP cells responded to oCRF at concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml by significantly increasing peptide secretion (p less than 0.005). AVP was also effective, but, it is only 0.1% as potent as oCRF. alpha-MSH was ineffective even at a dose of 10 micrograms/ml. Immunoreactive (IR)-beta EP, IR-beta LPH, IR-ACTH, and IR-HNT were released in approximately equimolar ratios. Partial characterization of the peptides released by HAP cells with gel chromatography on Sephadex G-50 superfine revealed two peaks of IR-beta EP (as beta EP and beta-LPH), two peaks of IR-beta LPH (as beta-LPH and gamma-LPH), one peak of IR-ACTH, and two peaks of IR-HNT. In conclusion, oCRF is a potent secretagogue for the equimolar release of ACTH, HNT and related peptides in the human pituitary gland.
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PMID:Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): effects on the release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides by human anterior pituitary cells in vitro. 628 59

The peptides corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), ACTH4-10 and alpha-MSH have previously been shown to be behaviourally and neurochemically active. Using a passive avoidance task, we studied the effects of intra-ventricular administration of these peptides (0, 10 or 100 ng/rat) given either immediately following the learning trial, or 1 h prior to retention (24 h post-learning) test. We found that they affected behaviour; in some cases improving and in others disrupting performance. Statistical examination of the data suggests that these substances probably act on arousal mechanisms, in a manner reminiscent of the effects of vasopressin [13, 15].
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PMID:Corticotrophin releasing factor is more potent than some corticotrophin-related peptides in affecting passive avoidance behaviour in rats. 630 81


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