Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sensitive bioassay for the measurement of plasma ACTH is presented. The use of silicic acid adsorption of plasma, with a subsequent acid wash and aqueous acetone desorption, was successful in removing those substances which had interfered with the steroidogenic response of dispersed adrenal cells when unextracted plasma was employed. This extraction procedure extracted 72-76% of ACTH present in plasma. Two pg ACTH1-39 could be consistently detected. Alpha-hACTH1-39 and alpha-pACTH1-39 exhibited equal potencies. Beta-MSH was ineffective at dosage levels up to 2 x 10(8) pg. One x 10(8) pg of ACTH1-10, ACTH4-10, or alpha-MSH had a steroidogenic effect equivalent to that of 40 pg ACTH1-39. ACTH 17-39 and ACTH 11-24 were incapable of stimulating steroid production at doses of 1 x 10(8) pg. Excesses of the latter, but not of the former appeared to be able to antagonize the steroidogenic effect of ACTH1-39. Plasma from normal subjects, bioassayed by this extraction procedure, contained 12-186 pg/ml ACTH at 0400-0800: 14-93 pg/ml ACTH at 1000-1300, and less than 10-34 pg/ml ACTH at 1600-2200. Hypoglycemia and vasopressin administration were followed by increases in plasma ACTH concentratrations. Plasma ACTH concentrations in untreated patients with Cushing's disease (sampled over the period 0900-1300) ranged from 65-220 pg/ml. Three patients with Addison's disease (untreated or 12 h following replacement steroid withdrawal) had ACTH concentrations of 223, 370 and 1226 pg/ml. Markedly elevated ACTH concentrations were observed in a patient with Nelson's syndrome (391 and 835 pg/ml). Bioassayable ACTH was not detected in 2 patients with panhypopituitarism.
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PMID:A sensitive bioassay for the determination of human plasma ACTH levels. 16 19

The cerebral uptake of subcutaneously injected [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in 16 brain regions was examined following 30 noncontingent random footshocks or the acute injection of saline, ACTH1-24 (0.5 microgram/g), ACTH/MSH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [D-Phe7]ACTH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [Met4SO2,D-Lys8,Phe9]ACTH4-9 (0.01 microgram/g), ALPHA-MSH (0.5 microgram/g), corticosterone (2.5 microgram/g) or lysine vasopressin (0.05 microgram/g). Footshock selectively decreased 2DG uptake in parietal cortex and brain stem, and increased that in the hypothalamus. Whole brain 2DG uptake was decreased by injection of saline or most of the hormones relative to uninjected animals, but this effect was probably peripheral since plasma glucose content was increased by the injections. The only regionally specific effect of the hormones was an increased 2DG uptake in olfactory bulb by saline, ACTH/MSH4-10 And corticosterone relative to uninjected animals. Since alpha-MSH had been reported previously to decrease blood flow (measured by antipyrene uptake) in all brain regions except occipital cortex [5,6], we directly compared antipyrene uptake with 2DG uptake in the same animals using a double-isotope procedure. The results revealed an increase in 2DG uptake relative to antipyrene in cortical regions relative to subcortical regions, contradicting earlier assumptions [19].
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PMID:Mouse brain deoxyglucose uptake after footshock, ACTH analogs, alpha-MSH, corticosterone or lysine vasopressin. 21 66

In rat brains intraventricularly injected with colchicine, the same discrete neurons of the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei can be stained with antisera against alpha- and beta-endorphins, (1-24)ACTH, (17-39)ACTH, alpha- and beta-MSH, and beta-LPH, as demonstrated by comparative studies in consecutive serial sections. These neurons are strongly reactive with anti-(17-39)ACTH, anti-beta-endorphin, anti-alpha-MSH and anti-beta-MSH, and more faintly stained with anti-alpha-endorphin, anti-beta-LPH and anti-(1-24)ACTH. Exceptionally, neurons reactive with anti-(17-39)ACTH and anti-beta-endorphin are poorly stained or completely negative with anti-alpha-MSH and anti-beta-MSH. Immunoreactive fibers end in the lateral median eminence and in the arcuate nucleus proper, or form ascending pathways along the third ventricle. Comparative studies with other antisera or with the Falck and Hillarp technique show that these neurons differ from the elements producing LH-RH, somatostatin, neurophysin, oxytocin, vasopressin and dopamine. These results suggest that the same neurons of the rat hypothalamus synthesize several neuropeptides identical with or immunologically related to endorphins, ACTH, alpha-MSH and beta-LPH, probably arising from a common precursor molecule similar to that found in the corticotropic cells of the pituitary. These neuropeptides of a common cellular and molecular origin might be involved in basic processes of the central nervous system as neurotramsmitters or neuromodulators.
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PMID:Neurons of the rat hypothalamus reactive with antisera against endorphins, ACTH, MSH and beta-LPH. 23 Sep 4

Injection of posterior pituitary powder induces an intense mitotic stimulation in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland of young rats. This effect is much more pronounced in females than in males. It is maximal at two days treatment. Longer periods result in a hypertrophied zona glomerulosa and lower mitotic activity. A search for the hormone responsible for the stimulation shows that vasopressin, and to a lesser extent oxytocin, are mitogenic. ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and the pineal hormones have no effect. Renin (but not angiotensin) induces a significant stimulation. It is concluded that vasopressin exerts a potent influence on the glomerulosa. This is in contrast with the prevalent view that the glomerulosa is little affected by the hypophysis.
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PMID:Adrenal glomerulosa mitotic stimulation by posterior pituitary hormones. 99 Dec 6

The periaqueductal gray is a brain region of considerable interest. It is innervated by monoamine-containing neurons as well as by a variety of peptidergic fiber systems, and it participates in the regulation of various functions. Virtually nothing is known about monoamine release in the periaqueductal gray and its receptor-mediated modulation. We therefore studied the release of radioactivity from periaqueductal gray slices preloaded with tritriated monoamines, using an in vitro superfusion method. The release of radioactivity from superfused periaqueductal gray slices after preloading of the tissue with [3H]noradrenaline increased upon electrical stimulation in a frequency-dependent manner. The stimulus-evoked release of radioactivity was Ca(2+)-dependent. Clonidine reduced and yohimbine enhanced the release. The inhibition curve for the effect of clonidine was shifted to the right in the presence of 10(-6) M yohimbine. While phenylephrine, isoprenaline, SK & F 38393, quinpirole, carbachol, [Arg8]vasopressin, alpha-MSH and ACTH-(1-24), at a concentration of 10(-6) M, did not influence the electrically evoked release of radioactivity, [Leu5]enkephalin reduced it. The selective mu-opioid receptor agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and [D-Arg2,Lys4]-demorphin-(1----4)-amide reduced the release of radioactivity, whereas the selective delta opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin and the selective kappa opioid receptor agonist U-69593 had no effect. In the presence of naloxone, which by itself had no effect on the release of radioactivity, the effect of [D-Arg2,Lys4]dermorphin-(1-4)-amide was abolished. These results show that the release of noradrenaline from periaqueductal gray slices is via a Ca(2+)-dependent exocytotic process, and that it is modulated through alpha 2-adrenoceptors as well as via mu-opioid receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Stimulus-evoked release of tritiated monoamines from rat periaqueductal gray slices in vitro and its receptor-mediated modulation. 165 61

The possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism of action of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on proopiomelanocortin cells of anterior and intermediate pituitary glands was examined after pretreatment of cells in culture with the PKC inhibitor retinal or the phorbol ester PMA, which depletes cell stores of the kinase. We found that these drugs not only abolished ACTH response to PMA and vasopressin, which both activate PKC, but unexpectably also dampened by 80-90% the stimulatory effect of CRF. Cell treatment with retinal failed to prevent CRF-induced accumulation of cyclic AMP. Retinal and PMA pretreatments of intermediate pituitary cells likewise inhibited alpha-MSH secretion stimulated by CRF. These data provide evidence to suggest that the mechanism of action of CRF on pituitary cells involves both cyclic AMP and PKC messenger systems.
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PMID:Indirect evidence that protein kinase C plays a critical role in signal transduction of both vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor on pituitary cells in culture. 255 Dec 65

1. The melanotropin-releasing activity of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), arginine-vasotocin (AVT), oxitocin (OT), mesotocin (MT) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was studied in the duck using dispersed, perfused pituitary cells and a specific alpha-MSH RIA. 2. Log dose-response curves were obtained for all the peptides ranging from 5 to 100 ng/ml. All peptides behaved as partial agonists compared to duck median eminence extracts (DME). 3. AVT and MT displayed an alpha-MSH releasing capacity of 60% relative to DME whereas all other peptides behaved as weak agonists with less than 15% capacity relative to DME. 4. AVT and CRF when perfused together acted synergistically on alpha-MSH release yielding a dose response line whose slope approximated that of DME. 5. ACTH was cosecreted together with alpha-MSH in all situations studied with an ACTH to alpha-MSH molar ratio of about 10. 6. It is concluded that CRF and neurohypophyseal peptides may be physiological stimulators of both alpha-MSH and ACTH release in aves.
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PMID:The regulation of the corticomelanotropic cell activity in aves. III--Effect of various peptides on the release of MSH from dispersed, perfused duck pituitary cells. Cosecretion of ACTH with MSH. 290 54

The ability of corticoliberin (CRF), urotensin I, sauvagine, arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and mesotocin to stimulate ACTH release by frog anterior pituitary cells and alpha-melanotropin (MSH) by frog neurointermediate lobe was studied in vitro using a perifusion technique. CRF and AVP were found to be potent stimulators of ACTH secretion, whereas urotensin I and sauvagine were totally inactive. In opposition to recent findings in the rat. CRF did not modify alpha-MSH secretion by the frog neurointermediate lobe. Mesotocin, which is present in the parenchymal cells of the frog pars intermedia, had no effect on alpha-MSH release in vitro. No potentiation of CRF-induced ACTH release was observed when anterior pituitary cells were incubated with a combination of AVP and CRF. Together with the recent elucidation of a CRF-like molecule in the frog diencephalon, these results suggest that, in Amphibia, CRF and AVP exert their stimulatory action specifically on distal lobe corticotrophs.
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PMID:Comparative effects of corticotropin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, and related neuropeptides on the secretion of ACTH and alpha-MSH by frog anterior pituitary cells and neurointermediate lobes in vitro. 300 73

We have previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of oxytocin (OXY) enhanced grooming behaviors in male and female rats at a 1 microgram dose. In the present study female rats were injected ICV with 1 microgram OXY or equimolar doses of other peptides. At this dose arginine-vasopressin (AVP), arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and lysine-vasopressin (LVP), as well as alpha-MSH, were as effective as OXY in increasing grooming behavior. At equimolar doses, ACTH1-10, tocinoic acid (the ring structure of OXY) and Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (the tail structure of OXY) had no significant effect on grooming behavior. The potency of AVP and AVT was determined across a 0.05-5 microgram dose range. Grooming scores increased in an apparent linear manner across a similar OXY dose range. Both AVP and AVT, however, manifested an inverted U grooming response curve. Maximum grooming scores resulted from a 0.1 microgram dose of AVT or a 0.5 microgram AVP dose. Analyses of the aspects of grooming separately found that nonapeptides OXY, AVP and AVT all elevated body grooming, washing, and scratching. Because AVT and AVP administration resulted in grooming scores significantly higher than OXY at lower doses, we concluded that the CNS is more sensitive to the effects of AVT and AVP on grooming behavior than OXY.
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PMID:A comparison of grooming behavior potencies of neurohypophyseal nonapeptides. 301 15

The effect of daily peripheral administration of various peptides on learning and memory performance was studied in male albino rats. Groups of rats were treated with either TRH (1.0 mg/kg) alpha-MSH (1.0 mg/kg), or saline for three days. Other groups were treated either with vasopressin (1.0 microgram/kg) or saline. All treatments were 30 min before testing in a Morris Water Task apparatus. This type of learning is spatial learning which requires integration of environmental cues. Only alpha-MSH treated rats exhibited improved learning on Day 1 and Day 3 of the training period. One month later all rats were retested with no difference between the experimental groups. Single doses of these peptides caused a nonsignificant increase in pain threshold. The body weight gain of vasopressin-treated rats was significantly reduced as well as their motoric behavior. Therefore, the alpha-MSH effect on learning cannot be explained by nonspecific effects on body weight, pain threshold, or motor activity level.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-MSH, TRH and AVP on learning and memory, pain threshold, and motor activity: preliminary results. 311 86


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