Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The regulation of galanin (GAL) gene expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) by testosterone (T) was investigated using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Castration of adult male rats significantly reduced both the number of cells which expressed GAL mRNA and the average number of grains per cell. These effects were reversed by testosterone treatment. Testosterone stimulates GAL gene expression in the same neurons that have previously been shown to exhibit steroid regulation of vasopressin gene expression.
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PMID:Testosterone regulates galanin gene expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. 768 6

Children and menstruant women are far more likely than men to develop metabolic brain damage from hyponatremia. We evaluated brain adaptation and mortality from hyponatremia in male and female rats of three different age groups. With acute hyponatremia, the mortality was 84% in prepubertal rats vs. 15% in adults and 0% in elderly rats. With chronic hyponatremia, mortality was 13% in adult males vs. 62% in females. Testosterone pretreatment significantly decreased mortality (from 62 to 9% in adult females, and from 100% to zero in prepubertal rats), but estrogen significantly increased mortality (from 13 to 44% in adult males). With acute hyponatremia in adult rats, brain sodium was significantly decreased (-17%), but in prepubertal rats it was actually increased (+ 37%). Cerebral perfusion during chronic hyponatremia was significantly impaired in adult females vs. males or controls (P < 0.01). Neither vasopressin administration nor chronic hyponatremia induced with desmopressin resulted in any mortality or decrement of cerebral perfusion. Thus age, gender, and the cerebral effects of vasopressin are major determinants of mortality in experimental metabolic encephalopathy.
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PMID:Age, gender, and vasopressin affect survival and brain adaptation in rats with metabolic encephalopathy. 777 74

Biosynthesis of the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) in extrahypothalamic neurons is dependent on circulating levels of testosterone (T). However, the mechanism by which endogenous or peripherally administered T induces VP gene expression in the brain has not been established. This study investigated the effects of androgens and estrogen in the steroid-dependent expression of VP mRNA in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Testosterone, estrogen, and the T metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), were either peripherally administered or locally implanted in cannula into the BNST of castrated male rats to determine whether these steroids influence VP gene expression through a local effect within the nucleus itself. The results indicate that T does act locally within the BNST, since complete restoration of VP mRNA levels occurred in BNST neurons in the vicinity of T-containing cannulas but not on the contralateral side. In addition, both DHT and estrogen were partially effective in stimulating VP gene expression in the BNST, and in combination, synergized to produce the full complement of VP gene expression induced by T itself.
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PMID:Local implants of testosterone metabolites regulate vasopressin mRNA in sexually dimorphic nuclei of the rat brain. 828 69

Castration reduced paternal responsiveness of male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Castration also reduced the number of vasopressin immunoreactive (AVP-ir) cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and medial amygdaloid nucleus (MA), as well as the density of AVP-ir fibers in the lateral septum. Testosterone treatment of castrated voles prevented these changes. The similarities in the effects of the hormonal manipulations on paternal responsiveness and AVP immunoreactivity provide further support for the hypothesis that AVP-ir projections of the BST and MA are implicated in paternal behavior.
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PMID:Testosterone effects on paternal behavior and vasopressin immunoreactive projections in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). 829 88

In golden hamsters, vasopressin (AVP) microinjected within the ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) facilitates offensive aggression. As serotonin is known to inhibit offensive aggression, we decided to test whether AVP-facilitated behavior is also inhibited by serotonin treatment. Testosterone-treated male golden hamsters received IP injections of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or vehicle 1 h prior to AVP microinjections within the VLH. The animals were tested for offensive aggression in a resident-intruder model after the microinjections, and the results were compared between groups. Pretreatment with fluoxetine inhibited AVP-facilitated offensive aggression. Only one out of nine fluoxetine-treated animals attacked and bit the intruders, compared to six out of seven vehicle-treated animals. Furthermore, we also confirmed by in vitro autoradiography that the VLH contains vasopressin V(1) and serotonin 5-HT1B receptors. Therefore, it is possible that serotonin may inhibit AVP-facilitated offensive aggression by acting directly at the level of the VLH as well as at other sites.
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PMID:Serotonin blocks vasopressin-facilitated offensive aggression: interactions within the ventrolateral hypothalamus of golden hamsters. 877 71

The amounts of cortisol and testosterone in the plasma or urine of Mongolian gerbils exposed to stress factors or treated subcutaneously with insulin (2 IU), vasopressin (1 IU), ACTH (6 IU) or dexamethasone (50 micrograms) were determined. Increased plasma cortisol was observed in animals stressed by ether anesthesia or immobilisation (1-4 hours), or treated with insulin, vasopressin or ACTH. Cortisol levels were reduced after dexamethasone administration. Plasma testosterone was elevated in animals stressed by ether anesthesia or handling plus seizure; no other treatment altered testosterone levels. An augmented cortisol excretion, which lasted one day, occurred in gerbils immobilised for one as well as for four hours. A much more prolonged stimulation of cortisol excretion, lasting three days, was seen in animals receiving ACTH or dexamethasone plus ACTH. Testosterone excretion was stimulated by ACTH and dexamethasone plus ACTH; it was not influenced by any other treatment. The present study shows that analysis of circulating steroid levels is the only reliable approach to assess the secretory activity of Mongolian gerbil adrenals or testes. In some experimental conditions (e.g. after stressor application or ACTH treatment) cortisol excretion may be used as an index of adrenal secretory function. In contrast, the striking differences between cortisol values present in plasma and urine of peptide-or dexamethasone-treated gerbils indicate that urinary cortisol does not reflect short-term changes of adrenal function. Similarly, the striking differences of testosterone values in plasma and urine indicate that urinary testosterone monitoring cannot be used to determine the secretory activity of gerbil testes.
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PMID:Dissociation of plasma and urinary steroid values after application of stressors, insulin, vasopressin, ACTH, or dexamethasone in the Mongolian gerbil. 902 44

We have shown previously that, in rats with deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension, arterial blood pressure rises more rapidly and reaches a higher level in male than in female rats and that the course of the hypertension was ameliorated by gonadectomy in male rats and exacerbated by gonadectomy in female rats. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the role of the gonadal steroid hormones in modulating the course of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat. Our previous findings with respect to the effects of gender and gonadectomy on DOC-salt hypertension were confirmed in this study. Chronic treatment with gonadal steroids was begun 1 week before the start of the DOC-salt protocol. 17 beta-Estradiol attenuated the course of the hypertension in intact male rats and in gonadectomized females. Testosterone exacerbated the development of the hypertension in gonadectomized male rats but was without effect in intact females. Progesterone alone had no effect on the hypertension in ovariectomized rats but when given to ovariectomized rats in combination with estradiol transiently prevented the ameliorating effect of the estradiol. These effects of the gonadal steroid hormones could not be attributed to effects of saline intake. Thus, these findings demonstrate that the gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat. It is suggested that the effects of the gonadal hormones on the course of the hypertension may be due to modulation of the cardiovascular and renal actions of vasopressin, since vasopressin is required for this model of hypertension.
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PMID:Gonadal hormones modulate deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension in male and female rats. 903 48

As deficiencies in osmotic stimulation of vasopressin (VP) messenger RNA (mRNA) content in castrated rats have been reported, experiments were performed to determine whether castration altered osmotically stimulated VP release in vitro. Perifused explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system were obtained from sham and gonadectomized male rats. There were no significant differences in VP release stimulated by a ramp increase in the osmolality of the culture medium between the two groups. As testosterone was undetectable in the perifusion medium, the effect of addition of testosterone on osmotically stimulated VP release was evaluated. Testosterone (3 ng/ml) and its metabolites, estradiol (50 pg/ml) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 3 ng/ml), inhibited osmotically stimulated VP release in hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system explants. The osmotically induced increase in VP mRNA content was also inhibited by testosterone and estradiol, but not by DHT. Neither estradiol nor DHT affected stimulus-secretion coupling of hormone secretion, because they did not inhibit KCl (25 mM)-stimulated VP release. BSA conjugates of estradiol (200 nM) and DHT (10 mM) also inhibited osmotically stimulated VP release, and VP mRNA content was inhibited by BSA-estradiol, but not by BSA-DHT, suggesting nongenomic actions of the steroids. The differential effects of estradiol and DHT on VP mRNA imply distinct actions for these steroids, and the DHT mechanism uncouples regulation of VP release from VP mRNA content.
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PMID:Gonadal steroid modulation of vasopressin secretion in response to osmotic stimulation. 911 9

Hormonal changes during non-maternal infant care have been demonstrated in many cooperatively breeding bird species, some monogamous rodents and two species of New World primates. Coevolution of hormones and social traits may have provided for the different breeding systems that occur today. Several hormones have been shown to covary with the breeding systems of vertebrates. Elevated levels of the hormone prolactin with male parenting behaviours are common to many birds, rodents and the callitrichid monkeys Callithrix jacchus and Saguinus oedipus. In birds, prolactin may be elevated in both male and female breeders during various stages of nest building, egg laying, incubating and feeding of young. Testosterone levels appear to have an inverse relationship to prolactin levels during infant care in birds and rodents, but this relationship has not been examined for primates. In cooperatively breeding birds, helpers who remain at the nest also have elevated levels of prolactin when displaying parental care behaviours. Prolactin levels are elevated in helper callitrichid monkeys during the postpartum period. Monogamous male rodents demonstrate elevated prolactin levels with parental care behaviour but, in contrast to the birds, the mechanisms mediating prolactin increase appear to differ for male and female rodents. Two factors may influence male parental behaviours and hormonal changes: stimuli from the pregnant female and stimuli from the newborn pups; whereas maternal behaviours are influenced by the maternal hormones of the female and the pup stimuli. An experiential factor may also influence male parental behaviours. Neuropeptides such as oxytocin and vasopressin appear to be involved in male rodent parental care and there may be an interaction between a series of hormones and neurosecretions and stimuli from mates and pups. Studies of Saguinus oedipus, the cotton-top tamarin, suggest that prolactin levels are responsive to stimuli from contact with infants and the level of infant care experience influences the levels of prolactin with male infant care. Father tamarins also have elevated levels of prolactin before the birth of infants suggesting that cues from the pregnant female are important. Prolactin's role in parental care may have evolved from prolactin's role in other reproductive functions. Hormonal regulation of non-maternal care may occur due to a complex interaction of many hormones and neurotransmitters. Studies described here should provide the impetus for further work on parental care hormones in a wide variety of primates.
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PMID:Hormones associated with non-maternal infant care: a review of mammalian and avian studies. 1068 83

To determine if the aging-associated decline in testosterone results in attenuated vasopressin (VP) responses to dehydration, testosterone implants were given to aged male Fischer 344Brown-Norway F1(F344BNF1) rats. Water deprivation caused comparable dehydration, increased plasma VP (pVP), and decreased posterior pituitary (PP) VP content in 4-, 15-, and 28-month-old rats. Dehydration increased VP mRNA content of supraoptic nuclei only at 4 months, whereas VP mRNA length was increased at both 4 and 15 months of age. The elevated pVP in the water-deprived aged rats indicates that even without an increase in VP mRNA content, PP VP storage was adequate to maintain elevated pVP. Dehydration increased aquaporin-2 content at 4, but not at 15 or 28 months of age, suggesting decreased renal responsiveness to VP. Testosterone replacement did not produce dehydration-induced increases in VP mRNA or aquaporin-2. Therefore, testosterone deficiency does not result in altered VP responses to dehydration in aged F344BNF1 rats.
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PMID:Effect of age and testosterone on the vasopressin and aquaporin responses to dehydration in Fischer 344/Brown-Norway F1 rats. 1071 60


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