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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of pituitary vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone--ADH) in the formation and dynamics of aqueous humour was studied in rabbits employing different techniques. Using isolated ciliary body preparations the changes in transepithelial short-circuit current were measured, and natural vasopressin and Lys8-vasopressin were found to increase the transepithelial short-circuit current at concentrations less than 10 muU/ml (i.e. within the physiological range), indicating increased sodium transport across the ciliary epithelium. In another series of experiments with intact rabbits given an ethanol load to suppress endogenous ADH, administration of exogenous vasopressin raised the intraocular pressure, and a similar effect was observed when endogenous ADH production was stimulated with nicotine. Direct measurements of outflow showed that vasopressin was without effect when given intravenously and that the only effect when given intracamerally was to increase the facility which would tend to lower rather than raise the intraocular pressure. Finally, the intra-arterial and intravenous effects of vasopressin on circulation in the iris and on the intraocular and systemic arterial pressures were studied. Local effects on the vascular bed in the eye and changes in systemic blood pressure were observed only at rates of administration well in excess of the physiological range for endogenous vasopressin production. It is concluded that, at physiological levels, antidiuretic hormone can stimulate active sodium transport into the eye thereby tending to raise the intraocular pressure, and it is suggested that this may act as a homeostatic regulating mechanism limiting changes in the rate of formation of aqueous humour and in intraocular pressure which might otherwise result from diurnal variations in the state of body hydration. This also offers some explanation for the ocular hypotensive action of ethanol.
Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 1977 Sep
PMID:Role of pituitary vasopressin in the formation and dynamics of aqueous humour. 28 4

From July 1975 to November 1976 25 patients with bleeding esophagogastric varices documented by endoscopy who failed to respond to conservative medical treatment were transferred to the Surgical Service. These patients, who were mainly Child's Class "C" alcoholic cirrhotic patients, were treated with vasopressin infused continuously using a standardized dose into either a peripheral vein or the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) according to a predetermined randomization. No significant difference in efficacy for control of bleeding (average rate = 56%) related to route of administration was found. Because catheter-related complications in the SMA group were significantly greater, we concluded that the method of choice in vasopressin treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding is a continuous infusion by way of a peripheral vein.
Ann Surg 1977 Sep
PMID:Control of bleeding varices by vasopressin: a prospective randomized study. 30 11

Infusions of intraarterial vasopressin (IAV) into the superior mesenteric artery have been shown to be effective in controlling hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices. Intravenous infusions of vasopressin (IVV), which can be initiated rapidly and require less sophisticated equipment and personnel, have also been reported to control variceal hemorrhage. We undertook a controlled clinical trial to compare these two routes of administration. Twenty-two cirrhotic patients with massive hemorrhage from varices were randomized to receive either IVV or IAV. Intraarterial vasopressin was begun at 0.1 U/min and increased progressively as needed to 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 U/min. Intravenous vasopressin was begun at 0.3 U/min and increased progressively as needed to 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 U/min. Hemorrhage was controlled in 5 of 10 episodes (50%) with IVV and in 6 of 12 episodes (50%) with IAV. Seven of the ten episodes treated with IVV (70%) ended fatally compared with 9 of 12 treated with IAV (75%). Side-effects and complications occurred with similar frequency in the two groups. The two routes of administration are equal in effects, side-effects, and complications. We recommend that IVV, which can be administered more easily, be given a brief therapeutic trial early in the management of hemorrhage from varices.
Gastroenterology 1979 Sep
PMID:A controlled comparison of continuous intraarterial and intravenous infusions of vasopressin in hemorrhage from esophageal varices. 31 53

DDAVP, a synthetic vasopressin analogue, causes a sustained increase of factor VIII in blood. The drug (0.4 micrograms/kg) was repeatedly infused into 13 hemophilics and 5 healthy men in order to study the kinetics of the elicited antihemophilic factor (AHF). The AHF increase and disappearance were found to be strictly related to the severity of the coagulation defect. Thus, data were obtained which will form a basis for rational therapeutic use of DDAVP in hemophilia. The DDAVP effect was completely independent of the presence of AHF in the circulation and was not associated with activation of clotting or platelets.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1979 Sep 29
PMID:[The effect of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) on blood coagulation in patients with hemophilia A and in healthy men]. 31 61

Insulin on Escherichia coli was studied using wild type E. coli B/r and K12 strains and a number of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase mutants. In vivo, the effects of insulin on the differential rate of tryptophanase synthesis, the rate of alpha-methylglucoside uptake and the rate of growth on glucose were determined in E. coli B/r. In vitro, the effect of insulin on the adenylate cyclase and the phosphotransferase activities was determined using toluenized cell preparations of E. coli B/r, E. coli K12 and phosphotransferase mutant strains. The specificity of insulin action on E. coli was determined using glucagon, vasopressin and somatropin as well as insulin antisera. Results show the specific action of insulin on E. coli, inhibiting tryptophanase induction and adenylate cyclase activity, while stimulating growth on glucose and uptake and phosphorylation of alpha-methylglucoside.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1978 Sep 06
PMID:Insulin action on Escherichia coli. Regulation of the adenylate cyclase and phosphotransferase enzymes. 35 93

The uptake of C14-urea into everted and noneverted bladder sacs was compared, over short time periods (up to 2 min), with the transepithelial urea fluxes. This method allowed the study of the time course of urea uptake and distribution, while previously this problem was only studied in steady-state conditions. When mucosal uptake was studied no accumulation of C14-urea inside the tissue was observed, indicating that the mucosal border could be the limiting step. Comparative studies of urea and inulin uptake from the serosal side showed that urea equilibrated with the water epithelial cells in less than 30 sec. This accumulation suggested again that the mucosal border is an effective barrier for urea translocation. The kinetics of the increase in urea permeability induced by antidiuretic hormone was also studied and it was similar (T1/2:4.3 min) to the kinetics of the increase in water permeability induced by the hormone (T1/2:5.6 min). A strong parallelism was also observed between the time course of the increases in water and urea permeabilities induced by medium hypertonicity (T1/2 25 and 26 min, respectively). The values obtained for the permeability coefficient ktrans), either at rest or under ADH were similar to those previously reported employing steady-state techniques (28+/-8 and 432+/-25 cm-sec-1-10(-7), respectively).
J Membr Biol 1977 Sep 15
PMID:Urea uptake and translocation in toad urinary bladder: the effect of antidiuretic hormone. 40 46

The subfornical organ, a circumventricular structure of the central nervous system, has efferent neural projections to sites within the brain known to be involved in drinking behavior and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. By using anterograde tracing techniques, it is shown that the subfornical organ projects to the nucleus medians of the medial preoptic area, to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and to the supraoptic nuclei bilaterally. Its efferent connectivity is confirmed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, another circumventricular organ and a suspected receptor site for angiotensin II, is involved in the circuitry of the subfornical organ and also has an efferent projection to the supraoptic nuclei.
Science 1979 Sep 07
PMID:Subfornical organ efferents to neural systems for control of body water. 47 23

A case of acute intermittent porphyria associated with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and secondary aldosteronism is presented. Hypokalemic alkalosis was a prominent feature of this case, and appeared to be at least partly caused by secondary aldosteronism.
South Med J 1979 Sep
PMID:Acute intermittent porphyria associated with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, hypokalemic alkalosis, and secondary hyperaldosteronism. 47 50

A 15 year old girl presented with excessive thirst and hypertension (170/110 mm Hg). Biochemical investigations revealed serum sodium 118 meq/liter, serum osmolality 238 mosmol/liter, urine sodium 90 meq/liter, urine osmolality 700 mosmol/liter, persistenly elevated serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels (5.8 to 11.9 pg/ml) and no obvious cause for the hypertension. The hypertension is, at least in part, volume-related, diminishing with fluid restriction. Features of gross water intoxication (e.g., confusion, coma) have not occurred. The etiology of the inappropriate secretion of ADH is not obvious but is not thought to be due to "resetting of osmoreceptors" as evidenced by failure to maximally dilute urine following a water load test and persistently elevated serum ADH levels. A similar patient described by Epstein and associates in 1962 is presently well with persistent features of inappropriate secretion of ADH.
Am J Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Idiopathic, sustained, inappropriate secretion of ADH with associated hypertension and thirst. 47 98

Diabetes insipidus, resulting from metastatic involvement of the neurohypophysial system, is a rare complication of breast cancer. This review examined the clinical features, metastatic pattern, and radiological and postmortem findings of 39 breast cancer patients with this complication. All patients had polyuria and polydipsia, and all had evidence of advanced metastatic breast cancer. A high incidence of meningeal carcinoma carcinomatosis and/or sellar metastases was observed. In view of the anatomical proximity of the posterior pituitary to the dura mater and the sella turcica, our findings suggest that metastases to the neurohypophysis can occur not only as a result of hematogenous dissemination of malignant cells, but also from direct tumor extension and/or invasion from adjacent structures. Although satisfactory symptomatic relief can be obtained with vasopressin tannate, complete resolution of the diabetic insipidus syndrome was evident only in those patients who had achieved control of the underlying breast disease.
Arch Intern Med 1979 Sep
PMID:Diabetes insipidus and breast cancer. 47 18


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