Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biochemical characterization of 22 cases of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in the dog, is reported. The principal characteristics of the disease include excessive and non-rhythmic production of cortisol, decreased sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary system to the suppressive effects of dexamethasone, decreased responsiveness of the pituitary-adrenocortical system to the stimulus of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and increased responsiveness of the system to stimulation with lysine-vasopressin. From these observations it is concluded that pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in the dog is a valid model for study of the pathogenesis of the disease in man. For the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism itself, the measurement of the concentration of corticosteroids in a single sample of plasma obtained 8 h after intravenous injection of 0.01 mg dexamethasone/kg was sufficient. The level of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids was less than 140 nmol/1 plasma in normal dogs, whereas higher values were found in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. For purposes of differential diagnosis, measurement of the level of corticosteroids in the plasma both before and 4 h after intravenous injection of 0.05 mg dexamethasone/kg is adequage: suppression is obtained only in cases of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. 20 21

When mice were subjected to footshock treatment and subsequently injected with [3H] lysine, the cerebral uptake of [3H] lysine, its incorporation into brain protein and the relative radioactivity (RR = protein radioactivity divided by amino acid radioactivity) were all increased. In the liver, footshocked mice showed decreased free lysine radioactivity, and increased protein radioactivity and relative radioactivity compared to quiet mice. The possibility that ACTH mediated these effects was investigated. The injection of saline had no effect in the brain but partially mimicked the footshock responses in the liver. Injections of ACTH 1--24 mimicked the effects of footshock in the brain, and further augmented the saline-induced effect on the RR in the liver. ACTH 4--10 increased the RR of brain protein, but produced no significant change in brain free lysine radioactivity or in any measure in the liver. Pretreatment of mice with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, did not enhance these effects and diminished the effect of ACTH 4--10 in the brain. ACTH treatment did not alter the profiles of brain polyribosomes. Lysine vasopressin, which is also released during stress, did not alter the incorporation of [3H] lysine into brain or liver protein, except at high doses when it decreased plasma radioactivity. These results suggest that secretion of ACTH at least partially mediates the stress-induced changes of [3H] lysine incorporation into brain and liver proteins, but that it is probably not the only factor involved.
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PMID:ACTH and the stress-induced changes of lysine incorporation into brain and liver proteins. 20 77

The big ACTH fractions available from human plasma and pituitary glands and from porcine pituitary glands were physico-chemically characterized by gel filtration, disc electrophoresis and isoelectric separation. In the case of healthy human subjects, big ACTH fractions were isolated by gel filtration from plasma samples taken during states of acute ACTH hypersecretion such as the lysine-8-vasopressin, insulin or metopyrone tests though none of these fractions were isolated from plasma sampled under normal conditions. Even with no stimulation of ACTH secretion, patients with Cushing's disease gave plasma samples that contained an isolable big ACTH fraction, but such a fraction was hardly isolated from plasma taken from patient with Addison's disease. Both human pituitaries and porcine pituitaries contained an isolable big ACTH fraction. By a gel filtration analysis the molecular weight of the big ACTH was estimated to be higher than 20 000. Disc electrophoresis with an acrylamide gel indicated that big ACTH is strongly basic while small ACTH is more acidic than pH 8.3. Isoelectric separation revealed that the isoelectric point of human big ACTH is higher than pH 10.0 while that of small ACTH is about pH 6.8.
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PMID:Clinical studies of "big ACTH": its physico-chemical characteristics. 21 78

The cerebral uptake of subcutaneously injected [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in 16 brain regions was examined following 30 noncontingent random footshocks or the acute injection of saline, ACTH1-24 (0.5 microgram/g), ACTH/MSH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [D-Phe7]ACTH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [Met4SO2,D-Lys8,Phe9]ACTH4-9 (0.01 microgram/g), ALPHA-MSH (0.5 microgram/g), corticosterone (2.5 microgram/g) or lysine vasopressin (0.05 microgram/g). Footshock selectively decreased 2DG uptake in parietal cortex and brain stem, and increased that in the hypothalamus. Whole brain 2DG uptake was decreased by injection of saline or most of the hormones relative to uninjected animals, but this effect was probably peripheral since plasma glucose content was increased by the injections. The only regionally specific effect of the hormones was an increased 2DG uptake in olfactory bulb by saline, ACTH/MSH4-10 And corticosterone relative to uninjected animals. Since alpha-MSH had been reported previously to decrease blood flow (measured by antipyrene uptake) in all brain regions except occipital cortex [5,6], we directly compared antipyrene uptake with 2DG uptake in the same animals using a double-isotope procedure. The results revealed an increase in 2DG uptake relative to antipyrene in cortical regions relative to subcortical regions, contradicting earlier assumptions [19].
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PMID:Mouse brain deoxyglucose uptake after footshock, ACTH analogs, alpha-MSH, corticosterone or lysine vasopressin. 21 66

In five healthy subjects inhibition of prostaglandin (PG)-synthesis with indomethacin did not significantly alter glomerular filtration, urinary flow rate or sodium and potassium excretion during control urine collection periods or i.v. hypertonic saline infusion. Saline administration was accompanied by a fall in urinary PGEI-excretion from 0.58 +/- 0.14 to 0.26 +/- 0.09 ng/min (p less than 0.05). While indomethacin had no effect on basal urinary osmolality (Uosm), renal concentrating ability following hypertonic saline or i.v. administration of 100 mU lysine-vasopressin significantly increased in the presence of indomethacin with Uosm rising from 805 +/- 25 to 970 +/- 53 mosm/L (p less than 0.01) and from 839 +/- 47 to 996 +/- 62 mosm/L (p less than 0.01), resp. Since this was not accompanied by respective changes in urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mechanisms other than PG-antagonism of vasopressin, such as decreased medullary washout of solute, may contribute to enhanced renal concentrating ability following inhibition of PG-synthesis with indomethacin.
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PMID:Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin-synthesis on renal electrolyte excretion and concentrating ability in healthy man. 21 3

The hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical function has been studied in 16 patients operated from pituitary tumors (13 adenomas; 3 craniopharyngiomas). Comparisons have been made between corticotropin and cortisol response to lysine vasopressin, insulin induced-hypoglycemia and metyrapone IV and per os. Among these different stimulating tests, insulin induced hypoglycemia and metyrapone per os seem to give the more accurate informations metyrapone per os being more convenient because harmless. Three different groups of patients have been distinguished : one without adrenocortical deficiency; one with a complete deficiency and a third group with a partial deficiency. Correlations have been studied between the degree of the adrenocortical deficiency, the volume of the tumor and the presence of the absence of other anterior pituitary dysfunctions.
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PMID:[Study of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal function in 16 patients after surgery for pituitary tumor (author's transl)]. 21 1

Hypophysectomized rats bearing three transplanted pituitaries under the kidney capsule responded to synthetic lysine vasopressin or pitressin with a significant elevation of plasma corticosterone, whereas hypophysectomized rats with no grafts did not. This response was completely abolished by pretreatment of animals with dexamethasone but was unaltered by central hypothalamic destruction. Corticotropin-releasing factor content of the hypothalamic median eminence, hypophyseal stal-, or pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary of intact rats was unchanged 5 or 10 min after ip injection of vasopressin compared to the basal level. We conclude that vasopressin and dexamethasone act directly on the adenohypophysis in vivo to exert their stimulatory or inhibitory effect on ACTH secretion.
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PMID:Studies on the site of action of vasopressin in inducing adrenocorticotropin secretion. 21 60

Male mice were given a single injection of either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or lysine vasopressin immediately after a defeat in an encounter with an aggressive male mouse. The defeated mice were tested for submissiveness at either 24 hours, 48 hours, or 7 days after the initial encounter. Both hormone treatments increased future submissiveness, although the time courses of the effects were different: The effects of ACTH disappeared after 48 hours, whereas those of vasopressin persisted for 7 days. These results suggest that changes in peptide hormone levels following naturally stressful experiences can affect the memory of those experiences, as expressed in future adaptive responses.
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PMID:ACTH and vasopressin treatments immediately after a defeat increase future submissiveness in male mice. 22 73

Transection of the fornix and the stria terminalis completely blocks the inhibitory action of ACTH 4-10 on extinction of a conditioned avoidance response (CAR), whereas this effect of the vasopressin analogue des-glycinamide-lysine-vasopressin (DG-LVP) is not affected. These data indicate that the behavioral effect of DG-LVP may be localized to certain anatomical substrates, while ACTH 4-10 needs an intact limbic system as a functional substrate for its effect on avoidance behavior. This differential effect of fornicotomy may also be interpreted as a discrimination between the effects of these neuropeptides on attention or on memory consolidation. Additionally, transection of the fornix and the stria terminalis induces an increase in motor responsiveness to an electric footshock (EFS) and a facilitation of acquisition of a CAR.
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PMID:Fornix transection: discrimination between neuropeptide effects on attention and memory. 22 35

A patient with hypoadrenocorticism was found to have low basal plasma concentrations of ACTH and lipotropins and deficient responses of these hormones to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and lysine vasopressin. The adequacy of secretion of other anterior pituitary hormones was assessed either directly, by measuring their concentration in plasma, or indirectly, by assessing end organ function, under basal and stimulated conditions. The responses of gonadotropins to LRH and of PRL and TSH to TRH were normal. The etiology of this rare condition of isolated deficiency of ACTH and lipotropins remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Isolated deficiency of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and lipotropins (LPHs). 23 63


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