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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maternal behaviour and the ewe's ability to recognize her lamb depend on olfactory cues and parturition, and are facilitated by maternal experience. Parturition induces a variety of neurochemical changes in the brain and, in particular, oxytocin (OT) release. This peptide injected centrally induces maternal behaviour. Oxytocin release occurs in the olfactory bulb (OB) at parturition and yet this structure is involved in the process of selective bonding with lamb. The present study therefore investigated the possibility that oxytocin release in the OB might modulate the release of classical transmitters that are known to be important in controlling selective recognition and whether maternal experience has any effect on this. We have first used in vivo microdialysis to measure OT release, as well as that of the related peptide, arginine-vasopressin (AVP), in the OB of maternally experienced and inexperienced ewes during parturition. While OT release significantly increased in both primiparous and multiparous ewes at parturition this increase was significantly greater in multiparous ewes. No significant change of AVP release was observed in either group. However, vagino-cervical stimulation (VCS) performed at 6 h post-partum caused similar increases in OT but not AVP release in both primiparous and multiparous ewes suggesting that the first birth experience potentiates the ability of VCS to evoke OT release within 6 h of parturition. Using retrodialysis, either OT (10 microM) or AVP (10 microM) were infused into the OB of multiparous and nulliparous ewes and their effects on modulating acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release were monitored. Both peptides produced an increase of ACh and NA in multiparous animals and this effect was either absent or less pronounced in nulliparous animals. OT, but not AVP, also increased GABA release equivalently in nulliparous and multiparous animals. Glutamate release was not altered in response to OT or AVP infusion. These results suggest that OT release in the OB at parturition may facilitate the recognition of lamb odours by modulating NA, ACh and GABA release which are of primary importance for olfactory memory. The reduced release of OT in the OB of primiparous ewes at parturition, together with its reduced ability to modulate NA and ACh release, might also partly explain why maternally inexperienced animals require a longer period to selectively bond with their lambs.
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PMID:Oxytocin and vasopressin release in the olfactory bulb of parturient ewes: changes with maternal experience and effects on acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and noradrenaline release. 771 75

Because of the many anatomical and functional links to the limbic system, the neuroendocrine system is often affected by limbic disturbances. Limbic seizures in humans and animals alter neuroendocrine function and hormone levels. We have shown that in an animal model for partial seizures, the amygdala kindled rat, plasma vasopressin levels are elevated and a sustained increase in vasopressin (VP) mRNA follows stage 5 kindled seizures. In the present experiments we sought to determine when during the course of amygdala kindling the VP mRNA increase occurs and whether specific anatomical pathways mediate this increase. Animals kindled to early seizure stages (stages 1, 2 or 3) had no consistent increase in VP mRNA in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) while animals kindled to generalized seizures, stages 4 or 5, invariably had increased VP mRNA relative to controls. Electrical kindling to stage 5 seizures from two other brain sites, the dorsal hippocampus and the anterior olfactory nucleus, consistently resulted in a significant increase in VP mRNA one week after completing kindling. In all experiments the increase in VP mRNA in the SON showed no differences related to the side or proximity of the electrodes used for kindling. Measures of water balance did not change following kindling. These results indicate that kindled seizure generalization is a prerequisite for the long-term increase in VP mRNA. Furthermore, the VP mRNA increase appears to involve polysynaptic pathways accessible from different limbic kindling sites. These studies support the hypothesis that changes in mRNA regulation may contribute to the neuroendocrine pathophysiology accompanying limbic seizures.
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PMID:Vasopressin mRNA changes during kindling: the effects of kindling site and stage. 785 58

Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare tumour. It was first described by Berger et al. in 1924. Since then, approximately 250 cases have been reported. These neuroendocrine neoplasms are rarely associated with hormone excess syndromes. We report a case of olfactory neuroblastoma initially manifested with a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in a 27-year-old man. A literature review is briefly presented.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma: report of a case associated with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. 789 75

Vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) transcripts were localized in brain, pineal, and superficial brain vascular tissues of adult male rats using hybridization histochemistry and an [35S]riboprobe complementary to the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding the fifth to the midseventh transmembrane regions of the receptor. V1aR mRNA was extensively distributed throughout brain and was expressed in 1) superficial cells of the granule cell layers of the main olfactory bulb, hippocampal dentate gyrus, and cerebellum; 2) numerous anatomically distinct brain nuclei; 3) isolated cells dispersed throughout the central nervous system; 4) cells of the choroid plexus, occasional blood vessels in the olfactory bulb and interpeduncular nucleus, and extraparenchymal intracranial vasculature; and 5) some white matter structures. Numerous cells expressing V1aR transcripts were found in forebrain structures, including primary olfactory (piriform) cortex, the anterior and posterior olfactory nuclei; dorsal, intermediate, and ventral lateral septal nuclei; the septo-fimbrial nucleus and accumbens nucleus; and numerous hypothalamic regions with the most intense hypothalamic labeling in the arcuate, stigmoid, suprachiasmatic, and periventricular nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic area. Cells expressing V1aR transcripts were ubiquitous throughout the midbrain, pontine, and medullary regions. A lower intensity signal was found in cells of the parvocellular paraventricular and anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus, circumventricular organs including the pineal, and the subfornical organ. V1aR transcripts were not generally detected in parenchymal vasculature, but could be found over large blood vessels in the interpeduncular nucleus and medial olfactory bulb; transcripts were commonly detected in perivascular brain cells. V1aR mRNA was abundantly expressed by choroid plexus, endothelial cells of midline blood vessels between the main olfactory bulbs, and superficial vascular tissue on all brain surfaces. These data confirm the presence of the vascular/hepatic-type V1aR gene in brain tissue and document an extensive expression. The distribution of V1aR mRNA suggests that there are at least two types of vasopressin-responsive cells in brain: one type exemplified by lateral septal ara neurons innervated by classical axodendritic/somatic synaptic vasopressinergic terminals and a second, perivascular/vascular type that would facilitate humoral vasopressinergic signaling in the brain.
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PMID:Cellular localization of vasopressin V1a receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in adult male rat brain, pineal, and brain vasculature. 792 12

The distribution of cells expressing mRNA encoding a vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) was examined in Long-Evans male and female rats by in situ hybridization using a [35S]cRNA probe. Specific hybridization to the vasopressin V1aR mRNA was evident in cells of the frontal cortex, piriform cortex, internal granular layer and the medial, dorsal, ventral and lateral portion of the anterior olfactory nucleus, zona limitans of the islands of Calleja, suprachiasmatic nucleus, CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus, and the molecular and granular cell layers of the cerebellum. The cerebellum, olfactory nucleus and the dentate gyrus appeared to be the most intensely labeled areas, while all other areas exhibited a lower level of expression. The anatomical distribution and the amount (as measured by optical density) of V1aR mRNA labeling was identical between male and female rats. This indicates that unlike the vasopressin gene itself, the expression of the vasopressin V1aR mRNA does not exhibit sexual dimorphism. These data demonstrate a wide spread distribution in the expression of the vasopressin V1aR mRNA in the CNS of male and female rats. This information on the anatomical distribution of the V1aR mRNA when combined with data concerning the anatomical distribution of the V1a binding sites, provides new information on the possible pre- and post-synaptic location of these neuropeptide receptors.
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PMID:Distribution of messenger RNA for the vasopressin V1a receptor in the CNS of male and female rats. 796 46

We previously reported that direct osmotic stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of rats via a microdialysis probe produces a robust 'rebound' release of endogenous vasopressin (AVP) into the extracellular fluid of this hypothalamic nucleus. We now demonstrate in a combined microdialysis and push-pull perfusion study that this intranuclear release is accompanied by increased AVP release in the septum. Simultaneous monitoring of intranuclear release and behavioral performance in the same animal indicated a significant correlation between the amount of endogenously released AVP and improved social memory based on the olfactory discriminative capacities of adult male rats. This memory improvement was partially blocked by local administration of a AVP V1 receptor antagonist either into the SON or septum. These findings indicate that direct osmotic stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus, which increases intracerebral vasopressin release, improves the acquisition and/or processing of olfactory stimuli. Thus, the endogenous neuropeptide fulfills one of the major criteria for being causally involved as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in behavioral performance.
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PMID:Simultaneous monitoring of intracerebral release and behavior: endogenous vasopressin improves social recognition. 798 69

Olfactory neuroblastoma is an uncommon intranasal neoplasm that has not been previously documented to invade the oral cavity. The tumor's variable clinical manifestations and microscopic features may create a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician. The neoplasm has been identified as a direct cause of ectopic arginine vasopressin production leading to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. An unusual case of olfactory neuroblastoma invading the oral cavity through the maxillary sinus in a patient with pathologic antidiuretic hormone secretion is reported.
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PMID:Olfactory neuroblastoma invading the oral cavity in a patient with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. 806 32

Central vasopressin pathways have been implicated in the mediation of paternal behavior, selective aggression, and affiliation in monogamous prairie voles. Here we demonstrate markedly different patterns of brain vasopressin receptor binding in the monogamous prairie vole and the congeneric nonmonogamous (promiscuous) montane vole. Vasopressin binding was assessed with both 3H-vasopressin and 125I-sarc-AVP using receptor autoradiography. The specificity of binding was consistent with a V1a receptor, the saturation kinetics were similar in the two species, and neither species showed evidence of sexual dimorphisms. In the prairie vole, highest specific binding was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb, diagonal band, laterodorsal thalamus, and superior colliculus. In the montane vole, specific binding was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb and superior colliculus as well, but in several other regions with high levels of binding in the prairie vole, binding was low or undetectable in the montane vole. In this nonmonogamous species, specific binding was high in lateral septum. Functional studies demonstrated the induction of phosphoinositol by AVP in the septum of the montane vole but not in the prairie vole. The pattern of 125I-sarc-AVP binding to lateral septum may reflect the social organization of these two species, as similar differences in AVP receptor distribution in the lateral septum were also observed in two related species, pine voles and meadow voles, which are monogamous and nonmonogamous, respectively. These results, along with earlier studies of AVP's effects on pair bonding, suggest the importance of this neuropeptide for the mediation of behaviors related to social organization.
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PMID:Patterns of brain vasopressin receptor distribution associated with social organization in microtine rodents. 808 43

1. Previous electrophysiological studies on rat hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus neurones have demonstrated that both the activation of peripheral baroreceptors (induced by a brief rise in arterial pressure consequent to an intravenous injection of an alpha-adrenergic agonist, metaraminol) and electrical stimulation in the diagonal band of Broca evokes a GABA-mediated postsynaptic inhibition which selectively involves the phasic-firing (putative vasopressin-secreting) neuronal population. Although baroreceptor-triggered inhibitions are abolished after diagonal band lesions, anatomical data support the hypothesis that the GABAergic neurones mediating both the baroreflex and electrically induced inhibitions are not located in the diagonal band, but rather in the lateral hypothalamus adjacent to the supraoptic nucleus. To determine the validity of this hypothesis, excitotoxic lesions were placed in the lateral hypothalamus and their effects on both baroreceptor- and diagonal band-evoked inhibitions were evaluated. 2. Male Long-Evans rats were initially anaesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbitone, stereotaxically injected with an excitotoxin (ibotenic acid) or vehicle into the lateral hypothalamus on the left side and allowed to recover. Three or more days later, animals were again anaesthetized with pentobarbitone and the ventral surface of their hypothalamus was exposed for electrophysiological recording of neurones in the left supraoptic nucleus. In all injected animals, extracellular recordings from antidromically identified, phasically firing supraoptic neurones were evaluated for their response to activation of peripheral baroreceptors and to electrical stimulation in the diagonal band. 3. Increases in arterial pressure sufficient to activate peripheral baroreceptors were achieved by intravenous bolus infusions of metaraminol (10 micrograms/10 microliters). In vehicle control animals (n = 6), the activity of 34/39 neurones was inhibited by baroreceptor activation. In lesion control animals (n = 13) similar inhibitions were observed from 60/65 neurones. In the lateral hypothalamic lesioned group (n = 7), the activity of only 12/34 neurones were inhibited by similar elevations in blood pressure. 4. Ibotenic acid lesions in the lateral hypothalamus also disrupted the responsiveness of supraoptic neurones to electrical stimulation in the diagonal band. Whereas diagonal band stimulation in vehicle control and lesion control rats reduced the excitability in 7/9 cells and 15/19 cells respectively, only 1/7 cells responded in the lesioned animals. 5. Lesions having a significant effect on the responsiveness of vasopressin-secreting neurones to baroreceptor activation extended laterally towards the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, dorsally into the striatum and medially to the fornix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Lateral hypothalamic lesions alter baroreceptor-evoked inhibition of rat supraoptic vasopressin neurones. 830 54

Relaxin is a polypeptide hormone best known for its role in parturition. However, high affinity relaxin receptors have been localized in the rat brain and heart in addition to the uterus. Several lines of evidence also suggest that relaxin may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. We now show by Northern analysis that a 1-kilobase relaxin transcript is detected in the rat brain as well as the ovary of pregnant rats. Using in situ hybridization, relaxin mRNA is localized in discrete regions of the male and female brains, including the anterior olfactory nucleus, tenia tecta, pyriform cortex, neocortex, and hippocampus. Developmental studies show that relaxin mRNA is present in the 1-day postnatal brain, while relaxin receptors are not detectable until 7 days after birth. The relaxin receptor binding affinity was similar in the developing brains, but there was a steady increase in relaxin binding sites during postnatal days 7 to 29, suggesting that relaxin may play a role in brain maturation. While relaxin mRNA is not detected in the heart, high levels of relaxin receptors are detected in the cardiac atrium as early as 1 day after birth. These atrial receptors remained at similar levels throughout postnatal development, suggesting an important role for relaxin in cardiovascular function.
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PMID:Expression of relaxin mRNA and relaxin receptors in postnatal and adult rat brains and hearts. Localization and developmental patterns. 839 68


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