Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cerebral uptake of subcutaneously injected [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in 16 brain regions was examined following 30 noncontingent random footshocks or the acute injection of saline, ACTH1-24 (0.5 microgram/g), ACTH/MSH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [D-Phe7]ACTH4-10 (0.25 microgram/g), [Met4SO2,D-Lys8,Phe9]ACTH4-9 (0.01 microgram/g), ALPHA-MSH (0.5 microgram/g), corticosterone (2.5 microgram/g) or lysine vasopressin (0.05 microgram/g). Footshock selectively decreased 2DG uptake in parietal cortex and brain stem, and increased that in the hypothalamus. Whole brain 2DG uptake was decreased by injection of saline or most of the hormones relative to uninjected animals, but this effect was probably peripheral since plasma glucose content was increased by the injections. The only regionally specific effect of the hormones was an increased 2DG uptake in olfactory bulb by saline, ACTH/MSH4-10 And corticosterone relative to uninjected animals. Since alpha-MSH had been reported previously to decrease blood flow (measured by antipyrene uptake) in all brain regions except occipital cortex [5,6], we directly compared antipyrene uptake with 2DG uptake in the same animals using a double-isotope procedure. The results revealed an increase in 2DG uptake relative to antipyrene in cortical regions relative to subcortical regions, contradicting earlier assumptions [19].
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PMID:Mouse brain deoxyglucose uptake after footshock, ACTH analogs, alpha-MSH, corticosterone or lysine vasopressin. 21 66

A review of 88 cases from the literature with personal observations on 3 new patients is given of the syndrome featured by juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, atonia of the urinary tract and bladder and other abnormalities. The postmortem in one of our cases is mentioned. The pattern of inheritance is autosomal recessive. The interpretation of the data on diabetes insipidus from the literature and in our three patients is also discussed. It can only be stated that neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus can be a component of the syndrome and that in many cases--particularly in the presence of lesions of the efferent urinary tract--the possibility of nephrogenous diabetes insipidus can not be excluded with certainty. It seems probable that the same mechanism can be held responsible for the lesions of the olfactory, optic, vestibular and cochlear nerves, the hypophyseal form of diabetes insipidus, retarded sexual maturation, abnormal pupillary reaction, myelopathy and the electro-encephalographic, electroneurological and electromyographic changes in the Wolfram syndrome. The process underlying this affection of neural structures remains obscure.
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PMID:Juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, atonia of the urinary tract and bladder, and other abnormalities (Wolfram syndrome). A review of 88 cases from the literature with personal observations on 3 new patients. 27 Feb 76

Using autoradiography on film, specific binding sites for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and for oxytocin (OT) were localized in various areas of the brain of adult male guinea pigs. Vasopressin binding sites were detected with [3H]AVP or with [125I]VPA, a recently synthetized linear vasopressin antagonist radiolabeled with 125I. [125I]VPA and [3H]AVP yielded similar results, thus suggesting that AVP binding sites present in the guinea pig brain are V1 type receptors. Supporting evidence on this was obtained in competing studies using structural analogues allowing to discriminate V1 receptors from V2 and from OT receptors. Oxytocin binding sites were labeled with [3H]OT or with the iodinated OT antagonist [125I]OTA; both ligands yielded similar results. The localization in the guinea pig brain of AVP binding sites differed from that of OT binding sites. AVP binding sites were mainly detected in the olfactory bulb and throughout the cerebral cortex. Oxytocin binding sites were most noticeable in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, in the amygdaloid complex and in restricted areas of the cerebral cortex. A comparison of the present data with those previously described in the rat, the mouse, the human and the hamster brain suggests that similar binding sites are present in these species, but that their anatomical distribution differs markedly. These data are discussed in relation to immunocytochemical and electrophysiological data which suggest that binding sites detected by autoradiography may represent, at least in part, functional neuronal receptors.
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PMID:Localization and characterization of binding sites for vasopressin and oxytocin in the brain of the guinea pig. 133 Feb 6

Oxytocin facilitates maternal behaviour in sheep. In the present study, we searched for the presence of oxytocin and vasopressin binding sites in the sheep olfactory bulb, a brain area which is thought to be involved in specific bond formation between the ewe and its lamb. Using in vitro autoradiography, we observed binding of tritiated vasopressin to the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Competition studies performed with structural analogues and the use of a 125I-labelled linear vasopressin antagonist suggested that sites which bind vasopressin are V1 type receptors. In contrast, specific binding sites for oxytocin in the olfactory bulb could be detected neither in control females, nor in ovariectomized females treated with estradiol nor in postparturient ewes, although such sites were present in the uterus.
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PMID:Autoradiographic detection of vasopressin binding sites, but not of oxytocin binding sites, in the sheep olfactory bulb. 133 68

The BBB is a target for some peptide signals, as demonstrated by our group for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and atriopeptin (ANP). Peptide molecules contacting the luminal surface of endothelial cells interact with specific high-affinity binding sites. The minimal simple diffusion of peptide molecules across the layer of endothelial cells which are connected by tight junctions is most probably without any significance under physiological conditions, although that question should be checked for brain regions like the olfactory bulb in which some leakiness of the BBB can be demonstrated. The AVP- and ANP-receptors at least partly localized at the luminal surface of the endothelial cells are heterogeneously distributed in the vessels of the brain. The number of AVP receptors is up-regulated by ligand deficiency, which induces furthermore a decrease in the receptor affinity. At physiological concentrations AVP and ANP do not affect the tightness of the BBB, but regulate the transcellular transfer of essential substances from blood to brain. AVP decreases the Km and Vmax of the transporter of large neutral amino acids, and ANP alters the water permeability of the endothelial cell layer. The phenomenon that the cells of the tight epithelium representing the BBB need information from blood-borne peptide signals for the regulation of intercompartmental transport processes seems to be only a special case of a general principle concerning tight epithelial cell layers which separate compartments containing fluids of different composition; amino acid transport across the intestine is regulated by specific peptides contacting that barrier, the casomorphins.
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PMID:Peptide receptors of the blood-brain barrier and substrate transport into the brain. 141 Apr

Syrian hamsters can communicate using a distinctive form of scent marking called flank marking. Vasopressin-sensitive neurons within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) play a critical role in the control of this form of olfactory communication. Extrahypothalamic regions may also mediate hamster flank marking. Since the MPOA-AH and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) are reciprocally connected, the present study investigated whether PAG neurons are involved in the control of flank marking. The first study found that microinjection of vasopressin, but not oxytocin or saline, into the PAG induced high levels of flank marking in male (n = 8) and female (n = 5) hamsters (P less than 0.01). The second study demonstrated that microinjection of vasopressin into the PAG stimulated flank marking in a dose-dependent manner in both male (n = 7) and female (n = 11) hamsters (P less than 0.01). These data suggest that vasopressin-responsive neurons within the periaqueductal gray participate in the control of hamster flank marking.
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PMID:Microinjection of arginine-vasopressin into the periaqueductal gray stimulates flank marking in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). 161 73

Several recent studies have suggested that the neurohypophyseal peptide oxytocin may have a role within the brain to mediate various forms of affiliative behavior. As the regulation of oxytocin function may be largely determined by the number and distribution of its membrane bound receptor, we investigated oxytocin receptor distribution in two Peromyscus species selected for differences in affiliative behavior. Using in vitro receptor autoradiography with the selective oxytocin receptor ligand [125I]d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2,Tyr-NH9(2)]OVT ([125I]OTA), we compared Peromyscus maniculatus, a polygamous species, to Peromyscus californicus, a monogamous species. Marked species differences in the distribution of [125I]OTA were apparent in several brain areas, including olfactory pathways, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, dorsal lateral septum, and several cortical regions. In addition, gender differences in the binding pattern were evident in several regions, mostly due to sexually dimorphic patterns in the polygamous species, P. maniculatus. To further compare these species, the binding of a [3H]arginine-vasopressin antagonist was assessed in alternate sections from those used for [125I]OTA. Relative to oxytocin receptors, binding to arginine-vasopressin receptors showed fewer species differences, although the monogamous species appeared to have more arginine-vasopressin receptors in the neocortex and lateral septum. The striking differences in oxytocin receptor distribution are consistent with earlier studies in other rodents, suggesting that oxytocin may have an important role for mediating species-typical patterns of social affiliation.
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PMID:The comparative distribution of forebrain receptors for neurohypophyseal peptides in monogamous and polygamous mice. 165 22

A 53-yr-old man with Cushing's disease was found to have a pituitary carcinoma with metastases to the liver and lung which produced both CRH and ACTH simultaneously. Despite removal of the pituitary tumor, his Cushing's disease worsened. Endocrinological examination then demonstrated elevated plasma CRH and markedly elevated plasma ACTH, beta-lipotropin, and cortisol concentrations, increased urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and 17-ketosteroid excretion, and no suppression of serum cortisol after low or high dose dexamethasone administration. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion increased in response to metyrapone, and lysine vasopressin elicited a striking increase in plasma ACTH. A computed tomographic scan of abdomen revealed multiple hypodense areas in the liver and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Postmortem histological examination revealed a necrotic hemorrhagic pituitary carcinoma with metastases to the liver, lung, and olfactory bulb. Immunohistochemical staining, gel filtration, and Northern blot analysis of liver and lung metastases revealed evidence of the production of both CRH and ACTH in these metastases. We concluded that the patient's pituitary carcinoma produced both CRH and ACTH.
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PMID:Corticotropin-releasing hormone- and adrenocorticotropin-producing pituitary carcinoma with metastases to the liver and lung in a patient with Cushing's disease. 169 98

The cue used by an adult resident rat for recognition of a just met juvenile in the social memory paradigm was assessed by manipulating the amount of olfactory information and enhancing the recognition with arginine8-vasopressin (AVP). Social recognition was impaired in anosmic resident rats, suggesting that the recognition cue is olfactory in nature. Washed juveniles were recognized by AVP but not placebo treated residents, independently of whether after washing they were marked with previously collected urine of the residents or not. Preputialectomized juveniles were recognized neither by placebo nor by AVP treated residents. The results suggest that the scents originating from the preputial gland of the juvenile serve as the recognition cue in the social memory paradigm of rats.
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PMID:Recognition cue in the rat's social memory paradigm. 182 46

The effects of oxytocin (OXT), arginine- and lysine-vasopressin (AVP and LVP) and an OXT-receptor antagonist on cocaine-induced sniffing behaviour were investigated in rats. OXT, but not AVP or LVP injected subcutaneously (s.c.) attenuated cocaine-induced sniffing. The effect of OXT (s.c.) was inhibited by an OXT-receptor antagonist administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). I.c.v. administration of different doses of OXT in nanogram quantities caused a dose-dependent attenuation of cocaine-induced sniffing. Local cerebral microinjection of OXT into the accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercle but not into the olfactory nucleus, central amygdaloid nucleus or caudate nucleus, inhibited the cocaine-induced sniffing behaviour. These results demonstrate that OXT selectively attenuates the cocaine-induced stereotyped behaviour through basal forebrain target sites.
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PMID:Selective attenuation of cocaine-induced stereotyped behaviour by oxytocin: putative role of basal forebrain target sites. 189 Oct 73


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