Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two doses (0.3 and 3 ng peptide/animal) of oxytocin (OXT) and lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) were earlier found to inhibit the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in mice upon icv. administration. In the present paper the possible central monoaminergic correlates of the behavioral data were investigated. In tolerant animals the steady-state level of noradrenaline (NA) was increased in the hypothalamus, as was that of dopamine (DA) in the medulla oblongata; the serotonin (5-HT) and DA levels were decreased in the striatum as compared to those in the non-tolerant control. In the peptide-pretreated animals the NA level was increased in the hypothalamus, the DA level in the striatum, and the 5-HT level in the hippocampus and striatum. Opposite changes were observed in the steady-state levels of the monoamines in the hippocampus and striatum as compared to those in the tolerant controls. The data suggest that the central monoamines may be involved in mediating the actions of neurohypophyseal peptides on ethanol tolerance.
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PMID:Brain monoamines are involved in mediating the action of neurohypophyseal peptide hormones on ethanol tolerance. 342 Nov 21

Central tolerance to the effects of ethanol in rats can be prolonged beyond its normal time of disappearance by administration of vasopressin (AVP) or desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin (DGAVP) after ethanol withdrawal. While the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown, we have reported that specific depletion of hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) prevents the prolongation of tolerance by DGAVP. The present study explored possible presynaptic interactions between DGAVP and 5-HT terminals in the hippocampus, in relation to tolerance retention. When administered acutely, DGAVP had no effect on the rates of hippocampal or septal 5-HT synthesis in naive rats, as assessed by the NSD 1015 method. Moreover, chronic DGAVP treatment that maintained tolerance did not change the in vivo rate of 5-HT synthesis in the hippocampus or septum. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the levels of hippocampal 5-HT or 5-HIAA. Septal 5-HIAA levels were slightly but significantly lower in ethanol-DGAVP than in ethanol-saline rats. While the lack of changes in hippocampal 5-HT synthesis argues against a presynaptic DGAVP-5-HT interaction, the possibility remains of a peptide modulation of 5-HT postsynaptic actions.
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PMID:Retention of ethanol tolerance by desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin occurs in the absence of changes in hippocampal serotonin synthesis. 342 15

The distributional patterns of serotonin-, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-, oxytocin (OXT)- and vasopressin (VP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were studied in the subcommissural organ (SCO) of the dog by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Abundant serotonergic and moderate numbers of peptidergic nerve fibers running toward the ventricular surface were observed among the cylindrical ependymal cells in the SCO of the dog. Concerning the distributional density of the peptidergic nerve fibers, VP-immunoreactive fibers displayed the highest and LHRH-immunoreactive fibers the lowest values. Most serotonergic and peptidergic fibers returned to the basal portion of the SCO after forming loops immediately beneath the ventricular surface of the ependymal layer. Serotonin-immunoreactive fibers often established a perivascular plexus around the blood vessels in the SCO. At the electron-microscopic level, after use of antiserum to serotonin dark immunoprecipitate was observed in large granular vesicles and the matrix surrounding small and large, clear vesicles and mitochondria; VP immunoreactivity was localized in the large granular vesicles. Serotonergic nerve fibers could be detected in the SCO of the newborn dog. Although the distributional density was in principle not different from that in the adult animal, individual fibers showed immature features such as growth cones and insufficiently swollen varicosities. After penetrating into the ventricle, in the newborn dog, a few serotonin-immunoreactive fibers ran for a relatively long distance on the ependymal surface.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonergic and peptidergic nerve fibers in the subcommissural organ of the dog. 355 34

The influence of lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) on the steady-state level of serotonin was studied in different brain regions four hours after microinjection into the lateral ventricle (icv) or cisterna magna (cm). LVP (200 pg) increased the serotonin (5-HT) level in the hypothalamus and mesencephalon after cm application, while icv administration caused an opposite tendency. The findings suggest that the site of peptide administration is of decisive importance in the mediation of various effects of LVP on the transmitter metabolism. A possible link exists between opposite effects of cm versus icv injection of LVP on central serotoninergic mechanisms, as well as on behavioral and autonomic correlates of these treatment.
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PMID:The effect on brain 5-HT of central lysine-vasopressin administration into different cerebral ventricular compartments depends on the site of injection. 371 94

Tissue specimens of human myometrium and placenta were obtained at caesarean section and normal vaginal deliveries. Strips of myometrial tissue, and segments of intramyometrial arteries, chorionic plate arteries and veins, and stem villous arteries were dissected. The preparations were mounted in organ baths, and isometric tension was recorded. In myometrial preparations, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) all caused concentration-related contractions. In vascular preparations, the maximum contractant or relaxant effect, Emax or Imax, and the drug concentrations causing half maximum responses, EC50 or IC50 were determined. In intramyometrial arteries no significant differences between Emax or EC50 values were found for NA, 5-HT and PGF2 alpha. The Imax values (relaxation of vessels contracted by vasopressin) ranged prostacyclin (PGI2) greater than PGF2 alpha = PGE2, and the IC50 values PGF2 alpha = PGE2 = PGI2 (PGF2 alpha less than PGI2). Thus, PGF2 alpha showed dual effects. Only PGI2 relaxed placental vessels contracted by PGF2 alpha. In chorionic arteries, Emax values ranged PGE2 = PGF2 alpha greater than 5-HT greater than NA, and IC50 values 5-HT less than NA = PGF2 alpha = PGE2. In stem villous arteries, Emax ranged PGE2 = PGF2 alpha greater than 5-HT = NA, and EC50 5-HT = NA = PGE2 = PGF2 alpha. In chorionic veins the order of Emax values was PGF2 alpha = PGE2 greater than 5-HT greater than NA, and that of the EC50 values 5-HT less than NA = PGF2 alpha = PGE2. Smooth muscle tissues from the human uteroplacental unit show individual responses to prostanoids and amines, probably reflecting individual mechanisms for control of contractile activity and blood flow.
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PMID:Relaxant and contractile effects of some amines and prostanoids in myometrial and vascular smooth muscle within the human uteroplacental unit. 376 73

Infusion of prostacyclin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces platelet activation, diminishes postoperative blood loss and decreases arterial blood pressure. In spite of continuous prostacyclin infusion, there is a delayed gradual rise in arterial pressure and resistance from low initial levels. We measured epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), angiotensin II (ATII) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in plasma and carried out hemodynamic studies in 19 patients operated for coronary vascular disease. Eight patients served as a control group and were subjected to routine CPB. Eleven patients received prostacyclin 50 ng/kg/min during CPB. E and NE increased four- to sixfold during CPB from about 0.5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was no difference between the groups. During CPB AVP increased sixfold from about 20 pg/ml in both groups (P less than 0.001), decreased early after CPB and increased again to high levels 3 h after CPB. The combined action of E, NE and AVP is of likely importance for the rise in systemic vascular resistance and/or need of vasodilation during CPB in the control group. ATII did not increase in the control group, but increased fourfold to about 20 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) during CPB in the prostacyclin group. The addition of AT II to E, NE and AVP seems responsible for the gradual return of arterial pressure and resistance during prostacyclin infusion. Postoperative hypertension and/or need of vasodilation 3 h after CPB was associated with high AVP levels in both groups. Hypotension caused by prostacyclin infusion did not increase E, NE or AVP above levels produced by CPB and moderate hypotension alone.
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PMID:Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and prostacyclin on plasma catecholamines, angiotensin II and arginine-vasopressin. 388 84

The influence of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) innervation on peptide-containing neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was investigated by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry. The 5-HT neuronal system was chemically severed by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) injection into the medial forebrain bundle bilaterally. After this treatment, a marked decrease of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in neuronal perikarya occurred in the SCN corresponding to a decrease in number of 5-HT immunoreactive fibers and terminals. However, no alteration of arginine-vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was detected between 5,6-DHT-treated animals and the controls. It is speculated that VIP-like immunoreactive neurons play an important role in the SCN under the influence of strong 5-HT innervation.
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PMID:The influence of serotonergic inputs on peptide neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: an immunocytochemical study. 390 2

Peptides and non-peptides acting as vasoconstrictors or vasodilators have been tested in dog isolated carotid arteries with and without endothelium and in the presence and absence of a variety of antagonists and inhibitors of endogenous substances. It has been found that substance P and several other tachykinins, bradykinin, neurotensin, bombesin and acetylcholine relax the isolated artery only when the endothelium is present, while VIP, isopropylnoradrenaline, adenosine, histamine, prostaglandins E1 and E2, glucagon and insulin relax and angiotensin, vasopressin, oxytocin, 5-HT and noradrenaline contract the isolated vessel, no matter whether the endothelium is present or not. Peptide and non-peptide antagonists have been used with success to show that vasoconstrictors and vasodilators act on specific receptors, since their effects are reduced in the presence of antagonists, specific for one or another of the various agents. Inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade only reduce the effect of acetylcholine, suggesting that at least two different mechanisms are involved in the endothelium-mediated relaxation of arterial smooth muscles to peptide and non-peptide agents. The results summarised in this paper suggest that the site of action of several vasodilators is the endothelium, while other vasodilators and all the vasoconstrictors influence the arterial vessels tone presumably by acting on the smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Effects of peptides and non-peptides on isolated arterial smooth muscles: role of endothelium. 393 Feb 67

Rats trained to walk in a moving belt apparatus were subjected to a partial (fornix-fimbria (FF] or total (fornix-fimbria + cingulum bundles (FF + CB] chemical denervation of the dorsal serotonergic afferent pathways to the hippocampus. After chronic alcohol treatment that resulted in tolerance development to the motor-impairing effects of ethanol, desglycinamide-arginine8-vasopressin (DGAVP) or saline treatment was started and the residual tolerance measured at several intervals after ethanol withdrawal. DGAVP administration resulted in a virtually complete retention of ethanol tolerance when given to sham-operated controls or FF-lesioned rats. The peptide treatment failed, however, to prolong tolerance in rats bearing a complete FF + CB lesion, that reduced serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus and overlying parietal cortex to 10 and 45% of controls respectively. These results suggest that the serotonergic innervation of these areas is necessary for the action of DGAVP in the maintenance of ethanol tolerance.
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PMID:Site of interaction of serotonin and desglycinamide-arginine-vasopressin in maintenance of ethanol tolerance. 403 20

The effect of (+) IPNEA on various stimulant drugs was examined on isolated rat uterus. Addition of (+) IPNEA (1 times 10- minus 5 g/ml) to the organ bath, produced marked potentiation in the contractile responses of oxytocin and prostaglandins. Potentiation was less significant to 5-HT, vasopressin, angiotensin and bradykinin. (+) INPEA did not potentiate the responses of oxytocin on isolated rat mammary strip and the responses of prostaglandins on rat stomach (fundus) strip, guinea-pig tracheal chain and guinea-pig ileum. The significance of these findings has been discussed.
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PMID:Potentiation of oxytocin and prostaglandins-evoked responses by (+) INPEA on isolated rat uterus: its specificity and selectivity. 415 75


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