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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes insipidus is an extremely rare condition complicating pregnancy. The deficiency in antidiuretic hormone production has led to the assumption that oxytocin synthesis may also be affected. For this reason spontaneous onset of labor in a number of previously reported cases has been considered as evidence against implicating oxytocin as a relevant factor in the evolution and maintenance of labor. For the first time, plasma oxytocin levels were determined in a patient with known idiopathic diabetes insipidus during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum, using radioimmunoassay. Oxytocin was not detectable in plasma before labor. There was however a surge of plasma oxytocin detected during labor and puerperium, a pattern somewhat similar to that seen in normal pregnancy. Our findings suggest that at least some patients with diabetes insipidus do secrete oxytocin and that the role of oxytocin, threfore, cannot be discounted in the labor process.
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PMID:Plasma oxytocin determinations in pregnancy with diabetes insipidus. 94 Jun 35

Oxytocin (500 mu u) and vasopressin (50 mu u) were injected into the lateral ventricle and its effect on hypothalamic self-stimulation has been studied. Oxytocin increased, while vasopressin decreased the self-stimulation rate tested 10-20 min following application. The hypothalamic and mesencephalic serotonin content decreased slightly while plasma corticosterone content did not change 20 min after oxytocin and vasopressin administration compared to the injected control animals. The data suggest that vasopressin and oxytocin have an opposite effect on self-stimulation and this action is not mediated through the brain serotoninergic or pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
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PMID:Effect of intraventricular oxytocin and vasopressin on self-stimulation in rats. 103 Dec 47

In dehydrated rats both neurohypophysial hormones diminished in hypothalamus as well as in the neurohypophysis. Oxytocin disappearef from the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis at a more rapid rate than vasopressin did. The minimal content of vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus was observed during 3rd--4th day, but even in extreme dehydration it was found to be relatively high: 65 per cent of vasopressin and 27 per cent of oxytocin as compared with intact animals. At that time the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content were almost fully exhausted. In dehydrated and additionally reserpinized animals (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, then each 48 hr 5 mg/kg of initial body weight) the vasopressin and and oxytocin hypothalamus and neurohypophysis changed in a similar manner. In some experimental groups the decrease of neurohormones in both sites was more marked under reserpine treatment. The drug seems therefore rather to potentiate the effects of physiological stimulation of osmodetectors. So the existence of monoaminergic stimulatory synapses, directly involved in the neural pathway between the osmodetector and the neurosecretory cell, appears to be hardly probable.
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PMID:The vasopressin and oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis as influenced by reserpine treatment during long-term dehydration in the white rat. 124 99

Oxytocin (OT) is a nine amino acid peptide synthesized in hypothalamic cells which project either to the neurohypophysis or to sites within the central nervous system. Although neurohypophyseal OT release has long been associated with uterine contraction and milk ejection, the function of intracerebral OT remains unclear. On the basis of behavioral, cellular, and comparative studies, this review suggests that brain OT influences the formation of social bonds. The first part of this review examines evidence linking central OT to several forms of affiliation. Central administration of OT induces maternal and reproductive behaviors in rats primed with gonadal steroids. OT antagonists and hypothalamic lesions block the initiation of maternal and reproductive behaviors but have no effects on these behaviors once established. Our new studies in rat pups demonstrate that central OT selectively decreases the separation response, an effect which mimics social contact. These studies of parental, reproductive, and attachment behaviors suggest that exogenous OT has "prosocial" effects and that endogenous OT may be essential for initiating social interaction. In a second series of experiments, we investigated the cellular mechanisms for OT's effects on social behavior by means of autoradiographic receptor binding. In the rat forebrain, OT receptors are expressed in several limbic regions believed to be involved in the integration of sensory processing. The regulation of these receptors is surprisingly resistant to either ablation of OT cells or repeated central administration of OT. However, receptors in two regions, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), appear selectively induced by exogenous or endogenous increases in gonadal steroids. At parturition, binding to OT receptors increases 84% in the BNST, and at estrus, binding increases 35% in the VMN. These results demonstrate that physiologic changes in gonadal steroids can alter receptor expression in anatomically discrete target fields and thereby direct responsiveness to endogenous neuropeptide release. A model for OT's effects on social behavior is proposed, which relies on the heterologous regulation of the brain OT receptor. A third series of experiments tested the hypothesis that brain OT influences affiliation by comparing prairie and montane voles, two closely related species with dichotomous systems of social organization. Although no differences appear in the presynaptic expression of the neuropeptide, OT receptors are distributed in complementary patterns in the two species. In the highly affiliative prairie vole, receptors are most evident in the BNST and one of its primary afferents, the lateral amygdala, highlighting a circuit previously implicated in maternal behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxytocin--a neuropeptide for affiliation: evidence from behavioral, receptor autoradiographic, and comparative studies. 131 71

A computerized telemetry system was used to monitor heart rate (HR), core temperature (CT), and gross locomotor activity in rats treated with saline or neuropeptides during a passive avoidance behavior task. Rats were exposed to a single mild footshock (0.15 mA, for 3 s). Retention tests were conducted at 24 and 48 h after the learning trial. One h prior to the 24-h retention test, each rat received one of the following treatments (SC): saline (SAL), desglycinamide [Arg8]-vasopressin (DG-AVP), ACTH4-10, or desglycinamide-oxytocin (DG-OXT), at a dose of 3 micrograms/rat for DG-AVP and DG-OXT, and 50 micrograms/rat for ACTH4-10. Rats treated with SAL showed a modest increase in avoidance latency accompanied by bradycardia at both retention tests. Rats receiving DG-AVP retained the highest avoidance latency among the experimental groups at both the 24- and 48-h retention test. These rats showed a decrease in HR of the same magnitude as the SAL-treated animals at both retention tests. Rats treated with ACTH4-10 showed an increase in avoidance latency during the 24-h but not during the 48-h retention test. In addition, following ACTH4-10 treatment, a tachycardiac response was found during the 24-h retention test. DG-OXT induced both behavioral and cardiac responses opposite to those found in rats given DG-AVP. CT gradually increased while the rats remained on the platform, irrespective of the treatment. Changes in HR and CT were not influenced by somatomotor activity, as no difference in gross locomotor activity was found among the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential effects of ACTH4-10, DG-AVP, and DG-OXT on heart rate and passive avoidance behavior in rats. 132 12

Using autoradiography on film, specific binding sites for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and for oxytocin (OT) were localized in various areas of the brain of adult male guinea pigs. Vasopressin binding sites were detected with [3H]AVP or with [125I]VPA, a recently synthetized linear vasopressin antagonist radiolabeled with 125I. [125I]VPA and [3H]AVP yielded similar results, thus suggesting that AVP binding sites present in the guinea pig brain are V1 type receptors. Supporting evidence on this was obtained in competing studies using structural analogues allowing to discriminate V1 receptors from V2 and from OT receptors. Oxytocin binding sites were labeled with [3H]OT or with the iodinated OT antagonist [125I]OTA; both ligands yielded similar results. The localization in the guinea pig brain of AVP binding sites differed from that of OT binding sites. AVP binding sites were mainly detected in the olfactory bulb and throughout the cerebral cortex. Oxytocin binding sites were most noticeable in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, in the amygdaloid complex and in restricted areas of the cerebral cortex. A comparison of the present data with those previously described in the rat, the mouse, the human and the hamster brain suggests that similar binding sites are present in these species, but that their anatomical distribution differs markedly. These data are discussed in relation to immunocytochemical and electrophysiological data which suggest that binding sites detected by autoradiography may represent, at least in part, functional neuronal receptors.
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PMID:Localization and characterization of binding sites for vasopressin and oxytocin in the brain of the guinea pig. 133 Feb 6

Oxytocin facilitates maternal behaviour in sheep. In the present study, we searched for the presence of oxytocin and vasopressin binding sites in the sheep olfactory bulb, a brain area which is thought to be involved in specific bond formation between the ewe and its lamb. Using in vitro autoradiography, we observed binding of tritiated vasopressin to the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Competition studies performed with structural analogues and the use of a 125I-labelled linear vasopressin antagonist suggested that sites which bind vasopressin are V1 type receptors. In contrast, specific binding sites for oxytocin in the olfactory bulb could be detected neither in control females, nor in ovariectomized females treated with estradiol nor in postparturient ewes, although such sites were present in the uterus.
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PMID:Autoradiographic detection of vasopressin binding sites, but not of oxytocin binding sites, in the sheep olfactory bulb. 133 68

Granulosa cells isolated from ovaries of non-cycling, cycling and pregnant rabbits of the same age were cultured in vitro either without or with pFSH (1 micrograms/ml), bLH (1 IU/ml), LH-RH (25 ng/ml) or arginine-8-vasotocin (100 ng/ml). The production of immunoreactive progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, oxytocin, arginine-8-vasopressin and cGMP was analyzed. The gonadotropins did not show any significant effects on the cells isolated from non-cycling and cycling rabbits, but not from these of pregnant ones. LH-RH inhibited and vasotocin stimulated progesterone production. All hormones used stimulated estradiol release from cells of non-cycling rabbits, while in a case of cycling animals no change was found. In the cell from pregnant females the release of estradiol was enhanced after LH treatment only. The treatment with FSH and LH (but not with LH-RH or vasotocin) resulted in a remarkable rise of granulosa vasopressin surge irrespectively to the reproductive stage. Oxytocin production by granulosa cells incubated either without or with LH, LH-RH or vasotocin was undetectable. However, FSH strongly stimulated oxytocin release. FSH and in lesser extent, LH or LH-RH (but not vasotocin) activated granulosa cGMP production in the cells from cycling and pregnant (but not from non-cycling) animals. It was also found that, in contrast to other reproductive stages, basal progesterone release from the cells of pregnant rabbits was increased, while in a case of non-cycling animals the basal estradiol release was decreased and that of cGMP was increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of FSH, LH, LH-RH and arginine-vasotocin on the production of steroids, nonapeptide hormones and cGMP by rabbits granulosa cells isolated at different stages of reproductive cycle. 133 99

1. Primary interaction with oxytocin accounted for a significant prolongation of the time interval between two systolic contractions of the contractile vacuole in Tetrahymena, whereas primary interaction with vasopressin had no appreciable influence on that functional parameter. 2. Primary treatment (imprinting) with vasopressin increased sensitivity to vasopressin and reduced responsiveness to oxytocin. 3. Primary treatment (imprinting) with oxytocin did not increase cellular response either to oxytocin or to vasopressin on second exposure. 4. Oxytocin, which is chemically related to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, influences the water metabolism in protozoa; vasopressin develops a similar effect after imprinting. 5. The experimental observations allow conclusions on certain events involved in the phylogenesis of hormones and receptors.
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PMID:Oxytocin and vasopressin change the activity of the contractile vacuole in Tetrahymena: newer contributions to the phylogeny of hormones and hormone receptors. 135 83

In this paper we describe the modification of the galanin (GAL)-like immunostaining in the hypothalamus of rats, which were made hypothyroid at 52 days after birth. On 21st day after the surgical ablation of the thyroid gland, the staining of the GAL-immunoreactive fibers in the median eminence decreased and on the 84th day disappeared almost totally. The GAL-immunoreactive distribution in other areas of the hypothalamus, e.g. the anterior hypothalamus and the dorsomedial nucleus, is only slightly affected by the absence of thyroid hormones, whereas the GAL-staining of medulla oblongata (vagal complex) is equal in both control and hypothyroid rats. In hypothyroid colchicine-treated rats, we were unable to stain GAL-immunoreactive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Oxytocin- and vasopressin-like material was present in the magnocellular neurons and the staining pattern in hypothyroid rats was the same as that of control animals. Our data show a marked reduction in the expression of the GAL-like immunoreactivity of the PVN and median eminence of adult hypothyroid rats. The possible role of this deficit in the pathogenesis of the GH secretion impairment that is observed in hypothyroid rats is discussed.
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PMID:Deficit of galanin-like immunostaining in the median eminence of adult hypothyroid rats. 138 Jan 34


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