Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mutant LLC-PK1 cell lines FIB6 and FIB5/N4 were examined for responsiveness to the polypeptide hormones calcitonin and vasopressin. Both mutants exhibited little or no activation of adenylate cyclase or cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) in response to calcitonin, but responded to vasopressin. Analysis of calcitonin receptor function demonstrated that both mutants bound less than 9 fmol 125I-labeled salmon calcitonin/mg cellular protein, which was about 1% of parental activity (642 fmol calcitonin bound/mg). Concomitant with reduced calcitonin binding, both mutants exhibited increased vasopressin binding (greater than 272 fmol [[3H]Arg]vasopressin bound/mg) compared to parental (166 fmol bound/mg). The concentration of vasopressin for half-maximal stimulation of adenylate cyclase in both mutants was comparable to that for LLC-PK1 cells (40 pM) and hence the increased binding activity was concluded to be due to increased numbers of functional vasopressin receptors in the mutants. Somatic cell hybrids formed between each mutant and LLC-PK1 cells exhibited normal hormone binding and activation of cAMP-PK in response to both vasopressin and calcitonin. The mutations affecting receptor function in FIB6 and FIB5/N4 were accordingly concluded to be recessive. Somatic cell hybrids between FIB6 and FIB5/N4 showed no complementation of the mutant phenotype, indicating that both cell lines were affected in the same gene. In contrast, somatic cell hybrids between FIB5/N4 and the 'receptorless' mutant M18 (which lacks functional calcitonin and vasopressin receptors) exhibited approximately the same responsiveness to vasopressin and to calcitonin as LLC-PK1. Complementation between two different mutations affecting polypeptide receptor function was thus observed. The results are discussed in terms of a proposed common pathway for processing of calcitonin and vasopressin receptors.
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PMID:Complementation between LLC-PK1 mutants affected in polypeptide hormone-receptor function. 303 Jul 41

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, identified by their positive immunochemical reaction for neurone specific enolase, were readily demonstrable and uniformly distributed in 15 pairs of normal adult human lungs. About 65% contained gastrin releasing peptide and nearly all the rest contained calcitonin. Leucine-enkephalin was not found. Serotonin containing cells were few, and cells immunoreactive for adrenocorticotrophin and antidiuretic hormone were absent. About one in 10 cells was argyrophilic, and costorage of peptides was not seen.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine cell populations in normal human lungs: a quantitative study. 306 73

In the present study, we describe the structure of the central nervous system (CNS) of the marine gastropod Bulla gouldiana, and compare it with the structure of the CNS of the related mollusc, Aplysia californica. In addition, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of a series of peptides, and the synaptic vesicle protein, synapsin I, in the central nervous system of B. gouldiana. The most common peptide in the B. gouldiana nervous system is the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide (FMRFamide), which is present in a significant proportion of B. gouldiana neurons. A smaller number of neurons exhibit immunoreactivity to antisera raised against the calcitonin gene related peptide, vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin, galanin and enkephalin. In some instances there is colocalization of two or more peptides. Very few neurons or axons exhibit synapsin I-like immunoreactivity. The patterns of immunoreactivity to these antisera is quite similar to the patterns that have been described in other gastropods, including Lymnaea stagnalis and Aplysia californica. These observations emphasize the importance of FMRFamide-like compounds in phylogenetically old nervous systems and indicate that compounds similar to mammalian peptides are present in the gastropod. Thus, the production of a wide variety of peptide molecules and their use in neuronal function appears to be a highly conserved phylogenetic process.
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PMID:The central nervous system of Bulla gouldiana: peptide localization. 307 58

LLC-PK1L cells, a kidney-derived cell line, were able to grow in a chemically defined medium. Growth of the cells in the presence of retinol, ergocalciferol, d-alpha-tocopherol, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine, hydrocortisone, l-carnitine, d-l-methionine-S-methylsulfonium chloride, insulin, transferrin, cholesterol, and sodium linoleate increased the number of vasopressin receptors by 20- to 40-fold. All the newly detectable vasopressin receptors were coupled to the adenylate cyclase activity with similar efficiency. The same growth conditions did not alter the basal adenylate cyclase activity or the responses to calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin, adenosine, and GTP. In contrast, the increased responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase to vasopressin was associated with a reduced response to isoproterenol. Such an inverse correlation was also found when the time course of vasopressin receptor induction was studied. The supplemented medium permitted the growth of cells for several weeks. The effects of the enriched medium were fully reversible when we returned to the original cell growth medium. Thus such a cellular system appears as a useful tool for further work in cellular and kidney endocrinology and for detailing the molecular mechanisms of receptor-adenylate cyclase regulations.
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PMID:Regulation of hormonal responsiveness in LLC-PK1L cells grown in defined medium. 315 11

We achieved histological detection of the messenger RNAs coding for vasopressin, calcitonin, or calcitonin gene-related peptide by using biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotides, and defined the technical parameters enabling optimal detection of these mRNAs. Oligonucleotides labeled by fixation of one biotin at their 5' end or by addition of a biotin-11-dUTP tail at their 3' end can be used to detect mRNAs, although the latter are more sensitive. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase revealed with nitroblue tetrazolium-bromo-chloro-indolyl phosphate as substrate makes possible detection of the biotinylated oligonucleotides. Increasing formaldehyde concentration in the fixative decreases the signal intensity; 1% formaldehyde fixation provides the most intense signal. Several controls, including those with addition of unlabeled oligonucleotides to the hybridization buffer, confirm the specificity of mRNA detection. The sensitivity of the biotinylated probes is identical or lower as compared to the corresponding radiolabeled oligonucleotides. Histological and subcellular resolution is greatly enhanced with biotinylated probes. The rat vasopressin probes stain magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and, under optimal conditions, parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Vasopressin mRNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell bodies and in the roots of certain processes. Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA are found co-localized in the cytoplasm of the same tumor cells in human medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Histological detection of messenger RNAs with biotinylated synthetic oligonucleotide probes. 325 49

Rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was administered intracerebroventricularly (0.25 nmol in 5 microliter) to conscious, Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats, chronically instrumented with pulsed Doppler probes around the left renal and superior mesenteric arteries and the distal abdominal aorta. Tachycardias occurred in both strains, but only in Long-Evans rats was there a (modest) pressor effect of CGRP. However, both strains of rat showed renal vasodilatation and mesenteric vasoconstriction. These results indicate that the central pressor effect of CGRP in Long-Evans rats may not be due to generalized sympathetic activation, and make it unlikely that circulating vasopressin contributes to the mesenteric vasoconstriction.
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PMID:Regional haemodynamic responses to intracerebroventricular administration of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide in conscious, Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats. 326 Mar 61

The vasoactive properties of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were examined using the helical strip of the rat tail artery as a model. CGRP was found to inhibit norepinephrine-induced contraction but not KCl- or vasopressin-induced contraction. No significant inhibition occurred in either KCl- or norepinephrine-stimulated strips when Ca2+ was added incrementally to otherwise Ca2+-free bathing solution. However, a dose-related inhibition to norepinephrine-stimulated contraction in Ca2+-free bathing solution was observed. This strongly suggests that CGRP exerts its effect by inhibiting the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide relaxed rat tail artery helical strips in vitro in an intracellular calcium-dependent manner. 326 67

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that vasopressin stimulates K, Mg, Ca, Cl, and Na reabsorption by the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) of the rat kidney. Micropuncture of superficial nephrons and clearance experiments were performed to determine whether desensitization of the TALH to vasopressin may be demonstrated in vivo and whether such desensitization is specific for the effects of vasopressin (i.e., homologous) or also alters the response to the other hormones acting on the same pool of adenylate cyclase in this nephron segment. Brattleboro rats, with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI), were given i.m. injections of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (des-1-amino-[DArg8]VP (herein designated dDAVP); 2 micrograms/day) for 3 days. The effects of maximal physiological doses of arginine-8-vasopressin ([Arg8]VP (herein designated AVP); 20 pg/min per 100 g of body weight) were studied 2 days after the cessation of treatment, when the animals had returned to DI. The K, Mg, Ca, and, to a lesser extent, Cl and Na concentrations in the fluid leaving the TALH of superficial nephrons were higher in dDAVP-treated than in untreated rats given similar amounts of AVP during the experiments. A 50-60% desensitization of the TALH to AVP was still apparent 2 days after stopping the dDAVP injections. Desensitization is homologous, as judged from normal responses to physiological doses of glucagon and calcitonin, two hormones acting on the same cyclase pool as AVP in the rat TALH. The AVP-dependent increase of urine osmolality, however, indicated that its effects on the permeability to water of the collecting duct were scarcely affected in dDAVP-treated rats. It is concluded that (i) AVP induces homologous desensitization in the rat TALH and (ii) the TALH can be markedly desensitized to AVP when the collecting duct response to this hormone is poorly affected or even fully maintained.
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PMID:Desensitization of rat renal thick ascending limb cells to vasopressin. 335 89

Clearance experiments were performed to characterize the sensitivity to vasopressin of the thick ascending limbs and collecting duct system of the rat kidney. The response of the thick ascending limbs was evaluated by measuring the Mg2+ excretion rate in the urine, since the [arginine-8] vasopressin-mediated effects on Mg2+ excretion are the direct result of a stimulation of Mg2+ reabsorption in this nephron segment, and the response of the collecting ducts was evaluated by changes in urine flow. To avoid the effects of parathyroid hormone, glucagon, and calcitonin, which stimulate Mg2+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb and distal tubule, and of calcitonin, which increases the permeability of the cortical collecting ducts to water, experiments were performed on Brattleboro D. I. rats (with hereditary diabetes insipidus, due to a lack of [Arg8]vasopressin) acutely deprived of endogenous parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and glucagon. Vasopressin infused at rates up to 5 pg/min did not reduce the Mg2+ fractional excretion rate, whereas at 5 pg/min water excretion was decreased by 50%. The half-maximal reduction of Mg2+ excretion occurred at vasopressin infusion rates 4-6 times higher than those necessary to diminish the water excretion rate to the same extent. We conclude that in vivo, two segments involved in the production of concentrated urine have different sensitivities to vasopressin and that this difference in sensitivity is very similar for the biological response in vivo and the adenylate cyclase activation in vitro. We suggest that both the magnitude and the nature of the effects of [Arg8]vasopressin on the kidney may vary according to the required antidiuretic response.
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PMID:Sensitivities of rat kidney thick ascending limbs and collecting ducts to vasopressin in vivo. 345 86

To determine the mechanisms of action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in inhibiting gastric acid secretion, we studied awake male beagle dogs fitted with a chronic intracerebroventricular cannula and a gastric fistula. Synthetic rat CGRP (10 pmol/kg to 10 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously significantly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. CGRP (1 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly decreased acid secretion stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not by histamine. CGRP-(1-14), [Tyr23]CGRP-(23-37), and [acetamidomethyl-Cys2,7]CGRP, the linear peptide molecule devoid of the disulfide bridge, did not affect gastric secretion. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine, a vasopressin antagonist, naloxone, and truncal vagotomy did not abolish the gastric inhibitory action of CGRP given intracerebroventricularly. CGRP administered intracerebroventricularly and intravenously decreased gastric acid secretion, but not plasma gastrin concentrations stimulated by an 8% peptone meal. It is concluded that CGRP given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously inhibits gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs; the intact molecule appears to be necessary for biological activity; and inhibition of gastric acid secretion by CGRP in the dog is not mediated by the autonomic nervous system or vasopressin-, opiate-, or gastrin-dependent pathways.
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PMID:CNS actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs. 348 52


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