Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antiserum to arginine-vasopressin has been used to characterise the pair of vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons in the locust. These neurons have cell bodies in the suboesophageal ganglion, each with a bifurcating dorsal lateral axon which gives rise to predominantly dorsal neuropilar branching in every ganglion of the ventral nerve cord. There are extensive beaded fibre plexuses in most peripheral nerves of thoracic and abdominal ganglia, but in the brain, the peripheral plexuses are reduced while neuropilar branching is more extensive, although it generally remains superficial. An array of fibres runs centripetally through the lamina-medulla chiasma in the optic lobes. Lucifer Yellow or cobalt intracellular staining of single VPLI cells in the adult suboesophageal ganglion shows that all immunoreactive processes emanate from these two neurons, but an additional midline arborisation (that was only partially revealed by immunostaining) was also observed. Intracellularly staining VPLI cells in smaller larval instars, which permits dye to reach the thoracic ganglia, confirms that there is no similar region of poorly-immunoreactive midline arborisation in these ganglia. It has been previously suggested that the immunoreactive superficial fibres and peripheral plexuses in ventral cord ganglia serve a neurohaemal function, releasing the locust vasopressin-like diuretic hormone, F2. We suggest that the other major region of VPLI arborisation, the poorly immunoreactive midline fibres in the suboesophageal ganglion, could be a region where VPLI cells receive synaptic input. The function of the centripetal array of fibres within the optic lobe is still unclear.
 ...
PMID:The vasopressin-like immunoreactive (VPLI) neurons of the locust, Locusta migratoria. I. Anatomy. 171 83

This study shows that foetal neurons from the suprachiasmatic area, after dissociation and culture, contain in vitro the same characteristics as are found in the in vivo situation. The main peptidergic neurotransmitters present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vivo, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and vasopressin, are expressed in vitro while the cytoskeleton of these cells possesses phosphorylated neurofilaments. The exclusive uptake of Lucifer Yellow liposomes by neurons is also refound in suprachiasmatic cultures. The electrophysiological results are in agreement with those characteristics found in vitro and in vivo.
 ...
PMID:The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus in culture: an anatomical and electrophysiological study. 224 39

Anatomical and electrophysiological methods were used to investigate the existence and role of inputs from the magnocellular tuberomammillary nucleus to the supraoptic nucleus. After injecting either Fluoro-Gold or rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres into the supraoptic nucleus, consistent patterns of retrogradely labeled neurons within the tuberomammillary nucleus were observed. The results indicate that both subdivisions of the supraoptic nucleus, the tuberal and the anterior, receive input from the tuberomammillary nucleus. Injections into the tuberal supraoptic nucleus tended to label more cells in the contralateral tuberomammillary nucleus, while injections into the anterior supraoptic nucleus may label more cells on the ipsilateral side. The in vitro intracellular electrophysiological results support the anatomical findings and extend them in several ways. Some tuberomammillary neurons were found to project to the supraoptic nuclei on both sides of the brain. Intracellular Lucifer Yellow injections into tuberomammillary cells after electrophysiological recording revealed labeled axons that were traceable into the supraoptic nucleus, where apparent varicosities (possible en passant terminals) were seen. Magnocellular tuberomammillary nucleus neurons had characteristic passive and active membrane properties and morphology, similar to histaminergic neurons in this area studied by other workers. Finally, in two of the 21 cases, Lucifer Yellow injection into one neuron revealed dye-coupled pairs of tuberomammillary neurons. Previous work by others has shown that histamine excited cells in the tuberal subdivision of the supraoptic nucleus, stimulating vasopressin release, and that the tuberomammillary nucleus provides histaminergic input to the anterior portion of the supraoptic. The present findings show that the tuberomammillary nucleus supplies input to both subdivisions of the supraoptic nucleus and that this input is provided bilaterally. Taken together with previous work, these data suggest that the tuberomammillary nucleus provides histaminergic input to the supraoptic nucleus and may be involved specifically with vasopressin release.
 ...
PMID:Magnocellular tuberomammillary nucleus input to the supraoptic nucleus in the rat: anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological investigations. 250 55

To establish the functional nature of the anatomically demonstrated main olfactory bulb inputs to the supraoptic nucleus, electrophysiological responses of intracellularly recorded supraoptic neurons to lateral olfactory tract stimulation were recorded in horizontal slices of basal forebrain and hypothalamus. A total of 71 synaptically influenced neurons were studied in slices from adult rats of both sexes. Of these, 60 cells (84%) were monosynaptically activated by olfactory tract stimulation; seven cells (10%) were activated via polysynaptic pathways; and four cells (6%) were characterized by long latency inhibitory responses. Lucifer Yellow was injected into 64 cells and subsequent immunocytochemical identification of 44 of these neurons showed that both oxytocin and vasopressin cells, in approximately equal numbers, were excited by olfactory stimulation. Polysynaptically mediated excitation, however, was only associated with oxytocin cells (six of the six identified cells). These results corroborate anatomical tract tracing data showing main olfactory bulb efferents to both supraotic neurons and to neurons of the perinuclear zone. Also supported are earlier speculations of olfactory participation in release of oxytocin and vasopressin during various physiological states.
 ...
PMID:Supraoptic nucleus afferents from the main olfactory bulb--II. Intracellularly recorded responses to lateral olfactory tract stimulation in rat brain slices. 279 38

The hypothesis that electrotonic spread among oxytocinergic neurons contributes to synchronized bursting in the lactating rat leads to the prediction that coupling among oxytocinergic neurons would be stronger and more abundant in lactating than in non-lactating animals. We tested this prediction using, as an index of electrical coupling, transfer among neurons of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH, which crosses gap junctions. Intracellular injections (total of 159) of the dye were made in supraoptic nucleus neurons in hypothalamic slices from virgin female and lactating rats. In virgins, 86 injections resulted in 76 single, 8 coupled pairs and 2 triplets of dye-filled neurons. In contrast, 73 injections in lactators yielded 51 single, 16 coupled pairs and 6 triplets, (greater than 100% increase) a difference significant at P less than 0.001. Immunocytochemical identification of the dye-filled cells revealed that there was an increase over virgins in coupling among both oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic neurons. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that electrical coupling is involved in synchronizing oxytocin cell bursting in lactators. They are also consistent with published data indicating that vasopressin neurons are metabolically activated (show increased glucose uptake) during suckling and may show correlated activity.
 ...
PMID:Dye coupling among immunocytochemically identified neurons in the supraoptic nucleus: increased incidence in lactating rats. 281 70

Recent studies have suggested that some paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons projected to more than one target and, thereby, perhaps coordinate some aspects of seemingly diverse functions. We have systematically investigated the existence, location, hormonal contents and functional integrity of some axon collaterals arising from PVN neurons. This was done using intracellular injections of the fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow, extracellular ejections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), immunocytochemistry with antisera directed against vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OX) and electrophysiological analysis of synaptic activation of perifornical neurons in response to electrical stimulation of the PVN in hypothalamic slices. Each of the three morphological techniques revealed clear axon collaterals, arising in the lateral hypothalamus and generally ventrolateral to the PVN. Most branching axons appeared to have a small number of branch points, and many collaterals appeared to terminate near their parent axon. Electrical stimulation of the PVN was found to activate synaptically perifornical neurons located in the areas where the other methods revealed collaterals. Stimulation outside of the nucleus was ineffective unless current intensities were increased 10-30-fold over those applied to the PVN. We conclude that many PVN neurons, at least some of these containing OX and other VP, give rise to axons that branch in the perifornical and more ventral lateral hypothalamus, and that some of their collaterals probably terminate on neurons close to the PVN.
 ...
PMID:Extranuclear axon collaterals of paraventricular neurons in the rat hypothalamus: intracellular staining, immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology. 298 91

Magnocellular neurons in rat hypothalamic slices are known to exhibit dye coupling: the transfer of the fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow, from an intracellularly-injected neuron to one or more nearby neurons. The question of the hormonal identity of coupled cells and the possibility of dye coupling as an artefact led us to determine the immunoreactivity of dye-coupled magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus using antisera to oxytocin- and vasopressin-associated neurophysins. In 23 pairs, one triplet, and one quadruplet, immunoreactivity to one or the other antiserum was always exclusive, and dye coupling was always homotypic, that is, coupled neurons in each instance were reactive to the same antiserum. The quadruplet, triplet and 17 pairs were immunoreactive to vasopressin-associated neurophysin, and oxytoxin-associated neurophysin immunoreactivity was observed in the remaining pairs. Immunoreactivity to each antiserum was found for somasomatic and non somasomatic modes of coupling and for coupled neurons in the three magnocellular areas of the nucleus. A relationship between mode of coupling and hormone content was not detected. The data support the hypothesis that coupling is a real, functionally significant mechanism for coordinating neuronal activity in this nucleus, particularly under conditions of high hormone demand. They do not support the idea that coupling is artefact. The possibility of a relationship between hormone content and mode of coupling, and the projection pathway(s) of the coupled neurons of each type require further study.
 ...
PMID:Dye-coupled magnocellular peptidergic neurons of the rat paraventricular nucleus show homotypic immunoreactivity. 300 12

Bursts of action potentials were recorded intracellularly from 11 phasically firing magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in slices of rat hypothalamus. The bursts of overshooting, often broadening action potentials (63-87 mV peak-to-peak) were superimposed on depolarizing plateau potentials. Phasic activity was recorded before and/or after the neurons were injected with the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH. Injected neurons were first examined in whole slices, and subsequently, in sectioned material, characterized immunocytochemically using antisera to vasopressin- and oxytocin-associated neurophysins (VP-NP and OT-NP respectively). The 11 injections produced 8 single dye filled neurons and 3 pairs of dye-coupled neurons, 14 dye-filled cells in all. Six of the single cells and all the dye coupled pairs were immunoreactive with VP-NP antiserum and not reactive with OT-NP antiserum. Most of these neurons were in areas of the nucleus in which VP-NP reactive cells predominated, but two were surrounded by OT-NP reactive cells. Two single, dye-filled, phasically active, magnocellular neurons failed to show immunoreactivity to either antiserum.
 ...
PMID:Immunoreactivity to vasopressin- but not oxytocin-associated neurophysin antiserum in phasic neurons of rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. 394 69

An attempt was made to identify Lucifer Yellow-labeled neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus as vasopressin-containing neurons, by means of a combination of immunoperoxidase histochemistry and iontophoretic single cell-injection. We came to the conclusion that the fluorescent dye does not diminish the immunoreactivity of vasopressin in the magnocellular neurons. This newly developed method, along with its modifications, should prove to be quite useful for electrophysiological and morphological studies on the neuropeptide-releasing neurons in the mammalian neuroendocrine system.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of Lucifer Yellow-labeled neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus. 634 86

Relations between firing patterns and peptides in supraoptic neurons of rat hypothalamic slice preparations were studied by electrophysiology, intracellular fluorescent dye-marking and immunocytochemistry. Seven out of 10 magnocellular neurons which showed phasically firing patterns were identified by injections of Lucifer Yellow-CH (LY); these were also stained with an anti-vasopressin serum. This report presents direct evidence that most of the phasically firing neurosecretory neurons in the supraoptic nucleus contain vasopressin. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining immunocytochemical and electrophysiological techniques to study the peptides contents of single mammalian neurons.
 ...
PMID:Phasically firing neurons in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus: immunocytochemical and electrophysiological studies. 634 97


1 2 Next >>