Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments were designed to determine the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses to aggregating platelets in porcine pulmonary arteries. Isolated rings with and without endothelium from large (5-7-mm-diameter) and small (2-3-mm-diameter) pulmonary arteries were suspended in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2 in the presence of indomethacin. Aggregating platelets caused relaxations in rings with endothelium but contractions in rings without endothelium, both of which were significantly larger in small versus large pulmonary artery rings. Serotonin and ADP caused concentration-dependent endothelium-augmented relaxations that were unaffected by ketanserin. Methiothepin, but not apyrase, significantly decreased the platelet-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations; the residual relaxation was abolished when rings were incubated with methiothepin, apyrase, and theophylline but was unaffected if apyrase was absent, indicating that ADP is responsible for the residual relaxation caused by aggregating platelets. Quiescent rings, with and without endothelium, contracted in a dose-dependent manner to norepinephrine and histamine but not to serotonin or vasopressin. The contraction to aggregating platelets was blocked by methiothepin, pyrilamine, and diphenhydramine but was unaffected by phentolamine, ketanserin, or incubation of the platelets with dazoxiben. These data indicate that, in large and small porcine pulmonary arteries, serotonin and ADP are the major contributors to the endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by aggregating platelets, while histamine appears to be responsible for the contraction that platelets cause in rings without endothelium.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses to aggregating platelets in porcine pulmonary arteries. 201 1

Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk and extent of advanced atherosclerotic vascular disease in peripheral as well as coronary arteries. The likelihood of claudication, amputation, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and failure of vascular reconstruction is higher in smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking exerts its deleterious effects through many interactive mechanisms. Nicotine and carbon monoxide produce acute cardiovascular consequences, including altered myocardial performance, tachycardia, hypertension, and vasoconstriction. Smoking injures blood vessel walls by damaging endothelial cells, thus increasing permeability to lipids and other blood components. Among metabolic and biochemical changes induced by smoking are elevated plasma, free fatty acids, elevated vasopressin, and a thrombogenic balance of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Chronic smoking is associated with a tendency for increased serum cholesterol, reduced high density lipoprotein, and other lipid effects that contribute to atherosclerosis. In addition to rheologic and hematologic changes from increased erythrocytes, leukocytes, and fibrinogen, smokers have alterations in platelet aggregation and survival that produce thrombosis. Considering the ubiquitous repercussions of this menace, vascular surgeons should play an active role in motivating their patients to quit smoking.
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PMID:The peripheral vascular consequences of smoking. 206 25

The association between infections with respiratory syncytial virus and plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone was assessed in 48 patients who had been admitted to hospital. The mean (SEM) concentration of antidiuretic hormone was significantly raised in patients with bronchiolitis (9.3 (1.4) ng/l) compared with non-pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infections that cause apnoea or upper respiratory tract symptoms (6.1 (1.7) ng/l). The highest concentrations of antidiuretic hormone were seen in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (18.0 (6.7) ng/l). There were no differences in mean serum sodium concentrations among the subgroups. Hypertranslucency on chest radiograph or an arterial carbon dioxide tension above 6.67 kPa were associated with a significantly higher concentration of antidiuretic hormone. Increased or normal maintenance fluid intake in children with pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infections may cause the same symptoms of fluid overload as the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Patients with pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infection, hypertranslucency in chest radiograph, hypercapnia, or mechanical ventilation are at risk for raised concentrations of antidiuretic hormone. Restricted fluid intake and careful monitoring of fluid balance and plasma electrolyte concentrations are therefore necessary in these patients.
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PMID:Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone in infections with respiratory syncytial virus. 212 82

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been identified in the central nervous system and its participation in regulation of various regulatory brain functions has been postulated. To elucidate whether central ANP influences endocrine systems related to blood pressure regulation and renal excretory functions, effects of infusion of ANP at a rate of 120 ng.min-1 into the third cerebral ventricle on plasma level of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), renin, vasopressin and beta-endorphin as well as on excretion of urine, sodium, potassium (UKV) solutes and free water (CH2O) were investigated in conscious dogs. Significant decrease of plasma E from 77.6 +/- 7.0 to 62.1 +/- 4.8 pg.ml-1 and of NE from 345.5 +/- 20.7 to 286.4 +/- 15.0 pg.ml-1 was found at the end of 30 min lasting ANP infusion. Significant elevation of PRA and UKV and a decrease in CH2O were found 60 min after ANP infusion. No significant changes in other variables were found. In time control experiments plasma hormones concentration and renal excretory functions were not significantly influenced. The results suggest that central ANP may affect the sympatho-adrenal outflow.
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PMID:Central effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on plasma catecholamines, vasopressin, renin and beta-endorphin and on renal excretory functions in the dog. 214 67

The effect of lowering cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na concentration on renal Na excretion (UNaV) was investigated in conscious sheep undergoing mineralocorticoid escape induced by intravenous infusion of aldosterone (20 micrograms.ml-1.h-1) for 3 days. On the 3rd day of aldosterone administration, when plasma and CSF Na concentration and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were increased as a result of the mineralocorticoid treatment, a reduction in the CSF Na concentration was induced by infusing a Na-free solution of 300 mmol/l mannitol (1 ml/h) into a lateral cerebral ventricle. This caused significant reductions in UNaV and MABP and a significant increase in renal free water clearance (CH2O). There was no significant change in glomerular filtration rate or plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration, but renal lithium clearance decreased. Simultaneous intravenous infusion of vasopressin (0.03 microgram/h) and lowering of CSF Na concentration also caused significant reductions in UNaV and MABP, but CH2O did not increase. We propose that increased Na concentration of brain fluid may initiate natriuretic and pressor mechanisms contributing to the process of mineralocorticoid escape. Reduced UNaV may have been due to reduced MABP, but it is unlikely to have been due to reduced plasma vasopressin levels.
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PMID:Reduction of cerebral NaCl concentration can abolish mineralocorticoid escape. 214 86

To determine mechanisms of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in mouse medullary thick limbs (MTAL), pHi was measured in MTAL suspensions and in the isolated perfused MTAL by use of 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). A method to obtain MTAL suspensions from the mouse outer medulla is reported. Characterization of suspensions with microscopy, anti-Tamm-Horsfall antibody labeling, measurement of O2 consumption, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate responses to antidiuretic hormone indicated that these suspensions were highly purified for viable MTAL tubules. The resting pHi was 7.41 +/- 0.02 (means +/- SE) in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid-buffered media and 7.23 +/- 0.02 in CO2- HCO3(-)-buffered media, both at extracellular pH 7.4. MTAL tubules exhibited rapid pHi recovery from intracellular acidification. Recovery of pHi was dependent on luminal Na+ (apparent Km = 13.2 +/- 3.2 mM) and was inhibited by amiloride (apparent Ki = 10.6 microM), consistent with the activity of an apical Na(+)-H+ antiporter. Antiporter activity was enhanced by acidification and was diminished at the resting pHi. Recovery from intracellular alkalinization (rapid withdrawal of CO2- HCO3-) was sensitive to the stilbene anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, Cl(-)-insensitive, and Na(+)-sensitive, consistent with the activity of a Na(+)-(HCO3-)n symporter. Both transporters were significantly involved in steady-state pHi regulation in the presence of CO2- HCO3-. In contrast, the Na(+)-H+ antiporter played the dominant role in steady-state pHi regulation in the absence of CO2- HCO3-.
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PMID:Na(+)-H+ antiporter and Na(+)-(HCO3-)n symporter regulate intracellular pH in mouse medullary thick limbs of Henle. 215 45

Experiments were designed to determine the role of the endothelial cells and the metabolism of arachidonic acid in anoxic contractions of isolated canine basilar arteries. Rings, with and without endothelium, of these arteries were suspended for isometric tension recording; anoxia was induced by switching the mixture gassing the organ chamber from 95% O2-5% CO2 to 95% N2-5% CO2. In rings with endothelium, anoxia evoked increases in tension under basal conditions and during contractions to 5-hydroxytryptamine, uridine triphosphate, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and high K+. Under control conditions, these anoxic contractions were not prevented by alpha-adrenergic and serotonergic antagonists, by apyrase, or by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase. Anoxia prevented endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by vasopressin and thrombin. In rings without endothelium, anoxia caused increases in tension during contractions evoked by various agonists, and in unstimulated preparations after inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Anoxic contractions were abolished by calcium entry blockers. These observations suggest that anoxic contractions of isolated canine basilar artery can be explained by the release of endothelium-derived contracting factor(s) and the accelerated entry of calcium in the smooth muscle cells, which possibly results from a diversion of arachidonic acid from the cyclooxygenase to the lipoxygenase pathway.
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PMID:Anoxic contractions in isolated canine cerebral arteries: contribution of endothelium-derived factors, metabolites of arachidonic acid, and calcium entry. 243 36

Turtle urinary bladder possesses four ion transport processes: Na+ absorption, H+ secretion, and HCO3- secretion-Cl- absorption. Each transport process is performed by a specific epithelial cell type. Granular cells absorb Na+ but they are not sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), unlike toad bladder granular cells. alpha-Carbonic anhydrase-rich (CA) cells secrete H+ via an apical H+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Under conditions of low CO2 tension, this active pump is contained in the limiting membranes of certain cytoplasmic vesicles. The vesicles fuse with the apical membrane, and H+ pumps are incorporated into that membrane, as physiological conditions demand increased H+ secretion. The stimulus for fusion of these vesicles with the apical membrane appears to be intracellular acidification. beta-CA cells secrete HCO3- and reabsorb Cl-, both processes driven by H+-ATPase in the basolateral membrane in series with an apical Cl- -HCO3- exchanger. Increased intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration in beta-cells stimulates net HCO3- secretion and induces an electrogenic component of this flux by activating an apical Cl- channel. This activation accompanies the fusion of an intracellular tubulovesicular network with the apical membrane. The membrane of this network may contain Cl- channels.
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PMID:Turtle urinary bladder: regulation of ion transport by dynamic changes in plasma membrane area. 251 70

The first case of tubal desterilization after Yoon rings through exclusive laparoscopy is reported. Yoon ring tubal segment excision was performed with CO2 laser and coelioscopic scissors, after mesosalpinx haemostasis by ornithine--vasopressin infiltration. Tubal anastomosis was managed with biological glue on an intraluminal guide which was pulled out after 48 h. Follow-up hysterosalpingography 3 months later showed perfect tubal patency. This case proves that complete tubal reversal by exclusive coelioscopy is possible. At present, this procedure is restricted to only one tube during coelioscopic evaluation, preserving, in case of failure, the chance of microsurgery either on the contralateral tube or even on the previously operated one. The advantages of such a technique are those of coeliosurgery: no laparotomy, shortened hospitalization and minimal post-operative adhesions. Since this first case, others have been performed. It is still too early to appreciate the results in terms of intrauterine pregnancy.
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PMID:Tubal desterilization through exclusive laparoscopy. 252 64

Renal function has been studied by the clearance (cl.) method during hypotonic polyuria--four 15-min cl. periods--and successive antidiuresis--two 60-min cl. periods (A1, A2)--induced by lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP), 5 mU in bolus followed by infusion at a rate of 0.04 mU/min. The endogenous creatinine cl. (Cc) and the osmotic cls. (Cosm, CH2O) were determined by the usual methods as well as the absolute and fractional urinary excretions of water, sodium, chloride and potassium. The urinary concentrations of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 were determined by the RIA method. This study protocol has been applied to 28 healthy women either in normal potassium balance (N, n = 14) or after potassium depletion (KD) induced by low potassium dietary intake (less than or equal to 10 meq/d) plus natriuretic treatment according to two different time patterns: two KD groups were obtained with potassium cumulative deficit of 160 +/- 43 (D2, n = 8) and 198 +/- 22 meq (D3, n = 6). The early % effects of LVP, i.e. (A1-P)% of P (mean polyuria), were significantly different only in D3 as compared to N. Precisely, the LVP-effect to reduce Cc was blunted; moreover a LVP-effect to reduce renal sodium and chloride fractional excretions and a tendentiously enhanced LVP-effect to reduce water fractional excretion were observed. These tubular effects are likely related to the inhibited renal synthesis of prostanoids in the D3 group.
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PMID:[Renal function in experimental potassium depletion. I. Effects of lysine-8-vasopressin in hypotonic polyuria]. 262 31


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