Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand the physiological role of ghrelin, it is crucial to study both the actions of ghrelin and the regulation of ghrelin secretion. Although ghrelin actions have been extensively revealed, the direct factors regulating ghrelin secretion by ghrelin-producing cells (X/A-like cells), however, is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters on in vitro ghrelin secretion by the recently developed ghrelin-producing cell line MGN3-1. Oxytocin and vasopressin significantly stimulated ghrelin secretion by MGN3-1 cells. Because MGN3-1 cells express only oxytocin receptor mRNA, not vasopressin receptor mRNA, oxytocin is the likely regulator, with the effect of vasopressin mediated by a cross-reaction. We also discovered that dopamine stimulates ghrelin secretion from MGN3-1 cells in a similar manner to the previously known ghrelin stimulators, epinephrine and norepinephrine. MGN3-1 cells expressed mRNA encoding dopamine receptors D1a and D2. The dopamine receptor D1 agonist fenoldopam stimulated ghrelin secretion, whereas the D2, D3 agonist bromocriptine did not. Furthermore, the D1 receptor antagonist SKF83566 attenuated the stimulatory effect of dopamine. These results indicate that the stimulatory effect of dopamine on ghrelin secretion is mediated by the D1a receptor. In conclusion, we identified two direct regulators of ghrelin, oxytocin and dopamine. These findings will provide new direction for further studies seeking to further understand the regulation of ghrelin secretion, which will in turn lead to greater understanding of the physiological role of ghrelin.
 ...
PMID:Oxytocin and dopamine stimulate ghrelin secretion by the ghrelin-producing cell line, MGN3-1 in vitro. 2152 50

Surgical weight loss results in a host of metabolic changes that culminate in net positive health benefit to the patients. However, the psychological impact of these surgeries has not been fully studied. On one hand, surgical weight loss has been reported to improve standard quality of life and resolution of symptoms of depression. But on the other hand, reports of self-harm and increased ER visits for self-harm suggest other psychological difficulties. Inability to handle anxiety following surgical weight loss has alarming potential ramifications for these gastric surgery patients. In the present study, we used models of diet-induced obesity and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) to ask whether anxiety behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis gene changes were affected by surgical weight loss under two diet regimens: i.e. low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD). We show reduced exploratory behavior in the open field test but increased time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, we show increased plasma levels of corticosterone in female VSG recipients in the estrus phase and increased levels of hypothalamic arginine-vasopressin (avp), pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc), and tyrosine hydroxylase (th). We report reduced dopamine receptor D1 (drd1) gene in prefrontal cortex (PFC) in VSG animals in comparison to Sham. Further we report diet-driven changes in stress-relevant gene targets in the hypothalamus (oxt, pomc, crhr1) and adrenal (nr3c1, nr3c2, mc2r). Taken together, these data suggest a significant impact of both surgical weight loss and diet on the HPA axis and further impact on behavior. Additional assessment is necessary to determine whether molecular and hormonal changes of surgical weight loss are the source of these findings.
 ...
PMID:Anxiety behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis altered in a female rat model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy. 2997 35

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) can regulate food intake and energy expenditure. However, the regulatory mediator of BDNF-positive neurons in the PVN remains unclear. Recently, widespread expression of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) and D2 receptor (DRD2) has been observed in PVN neurons. We hypothesized that dopamine receptors (DRs) are also expressed in BDNF-positive neurons and mediate the function of BDNF in the PVN. Using multiple immunofluorescence assays combined with confocal microscopy, we found that BDNF-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were widely distributed throughout the PVN in both the magnocellular and parvocellular regions. The BDNF protein was mainly expressed in the somas of neurons. The distribution of DR-IR neurons exhibited a pattern similar to that of BDNF. Nearly all DRD1 and DRD2 expression occurred within BDNF-IR neurons. A large number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR fibers innervated the entire PVN. The BDNF-IR neurons were surrounded by TH-IR nerve fibers that were punctiform or shaped like short bars. Additionally, BDNF colocalized with vasopressin-, oxytocin- and corticotrophin releasing hormone-positive neurons in the PVN. The present study suggests that DRs have a potential role in mediating the function of the PVN BDNF neurons. This finding is important for elucidating the central circuitry involved in energy balance.
 ...
PMID:Colocalization of dopamine receptors in BDNF-expressing peptidergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of rats. 3231 40