Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in clinical practice. Most cases of euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia involve arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP leads to a concentrated urine and negative free water clearance. Given this primary role of AVP, antagonizing its effect through blockade of its receptor in the distal tubule is an attractive therapeutic target. Lixivaptan is a newer, non-peptide, vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist. Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy. This review summarizes the clinical pharmacology and data for this new agent.
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PMID:Lixivaptan - an evidence-based review of its clinical potential in the treatment of hyponatremia. 2387 42

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and is associated with serious neurologic sequelae and increased mortality. Conventional treatment options for hyponatremia, such as fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, loop diuretics, demeclocycline or urea, are ineffective in the long-term. The present review considers the role of vasopressin receptor inhibitors (vaptans), focusing on lixivaptan, in the treatment of patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. Lixivaptan is an oral selective V2 receptor inhibitor, which produces a significantly greater increase of serum sodium levels compared with placebo. These effects seem promising, but more trials are needed to examine whether the beneficial effect of lixivaptan on serum sodium concentration translates into clinical benefit in these patient populations.
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PMID:Treatment of hyponatremia: the role of lixivaptan. 2476 94

International and national guidelines on the treatment of chronic nonhypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia differ; therefore, we have undertaken this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of interventions for the treatment of chronic nonhypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia. Following registration of the review protocol with PROSPERO, systematic literature searches were conducted to identify randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials assessing any degree of fluid restriction or any drug treatment with the aim of increasing serum sodium concentration in patients with chronic nonhypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia. Where appropriate, outcome data were synthesized in a meta-analysis. A total of 45 716 bibliographic records were identified from the searches and 18 trials (assessing conivaptan, lixivaptan, tolvaptan and satavaptan) met the eligibility criteria. Results suggest that all four vasopressin receptor agonists ("vaptans") significantly improve serum sodium concentration. Lixivaptan, satavaptan and tolvaptan were associated with greater rates of response versus placebo. There was no evidence of a difference between each of the vaptans compared with placebo for mortality, discontinuation and rates of hypernatraemia. No RCT evidence of treatments other than the vaptans for hyponatraemia such as oral urea, salt tablets, mannitol, loop diuretics demeclocycline or lithium was identified. Vaptans demonstrated superiority over placebo for outcomes relating to serum sodium correction. Few trials documented the potential benefit of vaptans on change in health-related quality of life as a result of treatment. There was also a lack of high-quality RCT evidence on the comparative efficacy of the vaptans and other treatment strategies for the treatment of chronic nonhypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia.
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PMID:A systematic review of known interventions for the treatment of chronic nonhypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia and a meta-analysis of the vaptans. 2821 74


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