Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurohypophysial hormones of the 1-month-old bovine fetus have been identified by their positions in ion-exchange chromatography and their retention times in high-pressure reverse-phase partition chromatography. Arginine vasopressin and oxytocin have been recognized. The molar ratio vasopressin/oxytocin in neurohypophysis is about 6 in the 1-month-old fetus compared with 4 in the 3-month-old fetus, 2.7 in the 7-month-old fetus and 1 in the adult. Vasotocin is virtually absent even in the early fetus (less than 0.1% of arginine vasopressin). The occurrence of a vasotocin gene expressed in the fetus but silent in the adult appears unlikely.
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PMID:Neurohypophysial hormones of the 1-month-old bovine fetus: absence of vasotocin during mammal development. 339 Dec 78

1. Anterolateral cut (ALC) of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in rats produces an elevation of plasma catecholamine levels, especially of norepinephrine (NE), in unstressed animals and a more pronounced rise of plasma NE levels in response to immobilization (IMO). Animals with ALC have a destroyed corresponding vasopressin (AVP) and other peptides containing innervation of the median eminence and the posterior pituitary, resulting in the prevention of increased AVP secretion during the early intervals of IMO. 2. The administration of AVP (Pitressin, 7 days, 1 IU per rat i.m.) or of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP), an AVP analogue without pressoric activity, taken in drinking water (about 100 micrograms per day) was almost equally potent in decreasing the elevated water consumption and plasma NE levels in unstressed rats with ALC. However, the stress-induced potentiation of plasma NE levels in rats with ALC was not influenced by AVP substitution and only partly reduced by DDAVP in the late IMO intervals. 3. The lack of circulating vasopressin is the main factor in the mechanism of increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system induced by ALC in unstressed rats. 4. The regulation of sympathoadrenal activity by vasopressin and DDAVP in rats with ALC seems to be mediated predominantly by V2-subtype receptors. 5. In stressed rats with ALC the potentiation of plasma NE levels was not reduced after AVP or DDAVP administration, suggesting that some addition regulatory mechanisms were involved.
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PMID:Vasopressin and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) reduce elevated plasma catecholamine levels in rats with hypothalamic deafferentation. 340 69

Vasotocin-associated neurophysin (MSEL-neurophysin) from the frog Rana esculenta has been isolated and sequenced through tryptic and staphylococcal proteinase peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments. This protein appears homologous to the mammalian vasopressin-associated neurophysin with a C-terminal glycopeptide extension homologous to the mammalian copeptin. In contrast to the two-step processing of mammalian vasopressin/MSEL-neurophysin/copeptin precursor, a single cleavage is therefore involved in the processing of the amphibian vasotocin/neurophysin precursor. It appears that the physiological release of the vasopressin-like hormone from the N-terminal end of the protein precursor is not dependent upon a previous trimming of the C-terminal copeptin-like moiety.
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PMID:One-step processing of the amphibian vasotocin precursor: structure of a frog (Rana esculenta) "big" neurophysin. 350 Dec 88

Neurohypophysial hormone precursors are small proteins processed into several fragments during axonal transport from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis. From 3-month-old fetal bovine pituitaries the three fragments of vasopressin precursor, arginine vasopressin, MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin, and the two fragments of oxytocin precursor, oxytocin and VLDV-neurophysin, have been isolated and characterized. These polypeptides are identical to those previously identified in the late fetus (7-9 months old) and in the adult. It is concluded that the same genes are expressed during fetal and adult lives, the vasopressin gene appearing roughly four times more active than the oxytocin gene in the early fetus. Vasotocin, mesotocin and additional neurophysin have not been detected in the early fetus.
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PMID:Ontogeny of the bovine neurohypophysial hormone precursors. III. Identification of neurohormones, neurophysins and copeptin in the early bovine fetus. 361 Apr 75

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) caused a concentration-dependent increase of glycogen phosphorylase alpha activity, breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose, when added to pieces of axolotl liver in organ culture. The concentration causing half-maximal response (EC50) was about 1 nmol/l. These actions of AVT were unaffected by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin, but were blocked by equimolar amounts of d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVT, a synthetic antagonist of vasopressin. Arginine vasotocin similarly caused glycogenolysis in isolated perfused axolotl liver where the EC50 was about 0.1 nmol/l. The glycogenolytic action of AVT (10 nmol/l) was sustained for at least 3 h in Ca2+-free perfusion and longer in organ culture. No increase in Ca2+ concentration in the effluent perfusion medium was apparent during AVT-induced glucose release. Omission of Ca2+ from the medium, together with addition of EGTA (2.5 mmol/l) to the organ culture, had only a slight inhibitory effect upon the rate of glycogenolysis brought about by AVT and did not inhibit the glycogenolytic action of catecholamines. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 mumol/l) neither caused glucose release nor abolished the glycogenolytic action of AVT added subsequently. Nevertheless, A23187 caused increased loss of 45Ca from Ca2+-loaded liver pieces whereas AVT was without effect. There was a slight accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP), but not cGMP, in axolotl liver pieces cultured in the presence of 0.1 mumol AVT/l and this was accentuated in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. We conclude that, in contrast to the position in mammals, Ca2+ is not involved in the glycogenolytic actions of AVT or catecholamines in axolotl liver. Preliminary experiments suggest that the same is true in the carp and we suggest that the involvement of Ca2+ in regulation of hepatic glucose release may not have evolved until after the amphibians separated from the ancestors of the mammals.
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PMID:Calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro. 370 Dec 46

Serum from a patient who had been treated with Pitressin for extended periods was evaluated for the presence of autoantibodies. When this immune serum was used with either an immunofluorescence or an heterologous immunoperoxidase technique, positive staining was observed in the neurophysin-containing cells of the rat supraoptic, paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Whereas the immune serum may also be expected to contain antibodies against oxytocin, vasopressin and the anterior pituitary hormones, this could not be substantiated with the immunohistochemical procedures.
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PMID:Use of a cross-species immunohistochemical procedure to demonstrate the presence of neurophysin antibodies in the serum of a patient treated with Pitressin. 371 17

A young patient developed hypothalamic diabetes insipidus due to histiocytosis in infancy and was satisfactorily treated with Pitressin. As a teenager she no longer had thirst or polyuria after treatment was stopped. These symptoms only returned during her two pregnancies. When non-pregnant her urine output was 1.7-2.0 1/24 h, basal plasma osmolality 288-290 mOsm/kg, and during pregnancy 24 h urine volume was 4.5-5.21, plasma osmolality 278-280 mOsm/kg. Studies on osmoregulation of thirst and AVP release, and on renal sensitivity to the V2 agonist desmopressin and endogenous vasopressin were performed in pregnant and non-pregnant states. She had no circulating antibodies to AVP, and the effect of pregnancy-associated vasopressinase was eliminated. Results showed lowered basal plasma osmolality and osmolar thirst threshold in pregnancy but no failure of the renal concentrating mechanism. Plasma AVP concentrations after osmotic stimulation were lower in pregnancy. We propose that she developed thirst and polyuria during pregnancy because of lowering of her osmolar thirst threshold to plasma osmolalities which caused her to drink sufficient quantities of fluid to further reduce AVP secretion. We cannot exclude, however, the possibility that there was increased clearance of circulating AVP.
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PMID:Recurrent pregnancy-induced polyuria and thirst due to hypothalamic diabetes insipidus: an investigation into possible mechanisms responsible for polyuria. 374 36

A 26-year-old man with complete neurogenic diabetes insipidus since age nine was initially treated with vasopressin (Pitressin Tannate in oil). At age 13, its dosages were progressively increased to control the patient's polyuria; minor allergic symptoms occurred after every such treatment. We incubated serial dilutions of the patient's plasma with 125I-labeled arginine-vasopressin and obtained a 50% specific binding for the plasma at a final dilution of 625-fold. Cross-reactivity studies showed that lysine-vasopressin was better recognized by the antibody than arginine-vasopressin. These results were attributed to large concentrations of lysine-vasopressin (pork vasopressin) in the Pitressin.
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PMID:A specific antibody to vasopressin in a man with concomitant resistance to treatment with Pitressin. 394 Jul 17

The possibility that sympathetic nervous system activity may be altered in Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus (DI) was studied using the norepinephrine (NE) turnover technique. Female DI and Long-Evans rats were used. NE turnover in peripheral organs was calculated by measuring the decline in tissue [NE] after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyltyrosine. NE turnover was increased significantly in the kidney of DI rats but was not significantly altered in other peripheral organs examined (heart, duodenum, skeletal muscle). Both NE and epinephrine concentrations in the adrenal gland were significantly higher in the DI rats. Treatment of DI rats for 7 days with vasopressin tannate (Pitressin, 100 mU/100 g) or 1-deamino-[8-D-arginine] vasopressin (DDAVP, 250 ng X kg-1 X day-1) reversed the changes in renal NE turnover and also decreased the turnover in other tissues. The results of these studies suggest that, compared with Long-Evans rats, DI rats have a selective increase in NE turnover in the kidney and the potential to release more catecholamines from the adrenal glands. The apparently nonspecific effect of antidiuretic therapy on NE turnover in DI rats is probably mediated by the epithelial receptor for vasopressin, because both Pitressin and DDAVP produced similar results.
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PMID:Enhanced noradrenergic activity in kidney of Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus. 396 26

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) content was determined in the telencephalon, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland of sham-operated and pinealectomized goldfish subjected to 20 degrees and 12/12LD or 24DD photoperiods in winter or spring. The tissues collected at 1000 or 2200 hr were homogenized and extracted in acetic acid. Hypothalamic and telencephalic AVT content, determined by radioimmunoassay, fluctuated throughout the light-dark cycle; AVT content was higher at 2200 than at 1000 hr under the 12/12LD photoperiod. No fluctuations were detected in pituitary AVT content. Telencephalic AVT did not fluctuate under constant darkness, and hypothalamic AVT increased and pituitary AVT decreased compared to the AVT content detected in the 12/12LD groups. No significant effects of pinealectomy or season on AVT levels in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and the pituitary were evident. The results indicate that AVT content within the preoptico-neurohypophyseal system of the goldfish fluctuate within 24-hr periods and that photoperiod has an effect on the pattern of these fluctuations. The photoperiodic influences do not seem to be mediated by the pineal organ.
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PMID:Diel variations in arginine vasotocin content of goldfish brain and pituitary: effects of photoperiod and pinealectomy. 403 78


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