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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Simultaneous measurements of unidirectional sodium fluxes across foetal skin incubated in vitro with identical solutions ([Na] = 150 mM) bathing either side showed a flux ratio (influx/efflux) of 1-40+/-0-08 in twenty-seven sheep skins, which was significantly different from unity (P less than 0-001). The gestational ages ranged from 47 to 98 days (term = 147 days). Similar experiments on eight foetal pig skins at 58 days gestation (term = 114-118 days) gave a mean flux ratio of 1-10 +/- 0-03 (P less than 0-02). 2. Unidirectional sodium fluxes measured with dilute Ringer solution on the outside (mucosal) surface ([Na]0 = 100mM) gave influx to efflux ratios of 0-86 +/- 0-09 in seventeen sheep (P less than 0-05) and 1-07 +/- 0-26 in five foetal pigs; the value predicted for passive movement was 0-67. 3. Incubation with inhibitors, ouabain (10-4 M) or dinitrophenol (DNP) (10-4 M) gave a flux ratio for sodium which was not significantly different from unity in the absence of a gradient, or from 0-67 when the concentration gradient was applied. 4. Sequential measurement of unidirectional diffusional fluxes of tritiated water across foetal skin gave flux ratios of 0-98 +/- 0-02 in six sheep skins and 1-06 +/- 0-11 for four pig skins in control conditions. When the outside solution was diluted to give an osmotic gradient of 100 m-osmole. kg-1 across the skin a flux ratio of 0-95 +/- 0-07 was obtained for seven sheep and was not measured in pig skin. Hormones and inhibitors had no effect on the diffusional flux ratio for water in the presence or absence of an osmotic gradient. 5. Lysine vasopressin (ADH) (200 mu./ml.) increased influx and efflux of water in the presence and, to a lesser extent in the absence of an osmotic gradient in sheep skin. In pig skin prolactin (1 u./ml.) increased both influx and efflux, but ADH had no effect on diffusional water fluxes. 6. ADH increased sodium influx in sheep skin slightly but vasotocin (5-5 mu./ml.) was more potent, particularly in the presence of an opposing diffusion gradient. Vasotocin (55 mu./ml.) reduced sodium influx in pig skin ADH had no effect on influx or efflux and prolactin reduced sodium influx and efflux. Ouabain and DNP generally reduced permeability to both sodium and water in sheep skin but had no effect in pig skin.
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PMID:Active sodium uptake by the skin of foetal sheep and pigs. 95 62

Coho salmon fry were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mul of saline containing either 15 or 150 mU arginine vasotocin. Blood was collected 30 min and 120 min post-injection for estimations of hematocrit, plasma glucose, free fatty acids and growth hormone. Vasotocin injections of 150 mU, unlike those of 15 mU, caused a lowering of the blood hematocrit. Plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids and growth hormone increased following injections of 15 mU vasotocin. The higher concentration of vasotocin (150 mU) decreased plasma levels of glucose (at 120 min post-injection), free fatty acids (at 30 min post-injection) and growth hormone (at 120 min post-injection). It thus appears that vasotocin is an antidiuretic hormone in coho salmon and it is suggested that glucogenic and lipolytic effect of vasotocin are mediated via growth hormone.
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PMID:Effect of vasotocin on plasma GH, free fatty acids and glucose in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). 108

A vasopressin substrate radioimmunoassay (RIA) system is described for the measurement of the vasopressinase elaborated during pregnancy. Results show that vasopressinase activity increases in the sera of pregnant women throughout gestation. At term, under the in vitro conditions described, pregnancy serum degrades vasopressin (Pitressin) at a rate of 53 mU. per milliliter of serum per minute. Serum obtained from paired umbilical cord samples had an activity of 9.2 muU per milliliter per minute; amniotic fluid obtained at delivery had an activity of 16.6 muU per milliliter per minute. Pregnancy serum obtained from sheep, rabbits, and rats, ovine umbilical cord serum, and ovine amniotic fluid had no detectable vasopressinase activity. Normal human male serum, nonpregnant female serum, and serum from women taking contraceptive agents also exhibited no activity.
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PMID:The circulating vasopressinase of pregnancy: species comparison with radioimmunoassay. 111 45

The food and fluid intake, the fecal weight and weight of urine voided, urinary and plasma osmolality and neurohypophysial content of vasopressin and oxytocin were measured in groups of rats injected with oil and vasopressin (0.5 IU Pitressin tannate in oil daily, i.m.) before, during and after substitution of a 2% solution of NaCl for drinking water for 3 days. Before 2% NaCl was substituted for the drinking water, vasopressin treatment significantly decreased food and water intake (p smaller than 0.05) and daily weight gain (p smaller than 0.01), but no significant effect on plasma osmolality or on neurohypophysial content of vasopressin and oxytocin could be demonstrated. Vasopressin treatment did not significantly reduce the intake of the 2% NaCl solution when this was substituted for drinking water but did reduce the resulting neurohypophysial depletion of vasopressin (p smaller than 0.01). Furthermore, on the first day of NaCl drinking, the neurohypophysial content of vasopressin in vasopressin-treated rats was increased above the control value (p smaller than 0,05). These results suggest the existence of a negative feedback of vasopressin on its own release.
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PMID:Reduced depletion of neurohypophysial hormone stores by vasopressin administration in rats drinking 2% NaCl. 114 33

Lysine vasopressin did not increase plasma FFAs level in man and in rat Pitressin and lysine vasopressin did not influence adenyl cyclase activity in rat epididymal fat pad, while ornithine vasopressin induced a statistically significant adenyl cyclase increment. These findings suggest that the adipokinetic acticity of ADH which has been correlated only with the amino acid arginine is also correlated with ornithine.
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PMID:Antidiuretic hormone and lipolysis. 114 94

The age-dependent polydipsia and polyuria observed in SWR/J mice was found to be caused by relative inability of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in a concentrating defect, which persisted even following Pitressin injection or water deprivation. Posterior pituitaries contained large amounts of ADH, which was also found in the urine and increased in output following water deprivation, indicating normal, or above normal synthesis and release of ADH. Kidneys of polydipsic SWR/J mice weighed more than those of normal strains and sometimes contained a lesion in the medullary area. No clear relationship was found between the size of the lesion and water intake.
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PMID:Renal deficiency associated with diabetes insipidus in the SWR/J mouse. 118 37

A radioimmunoassay method for the measurement of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in human plasma has been developed which requires 5 ml of plasma and has a lower limit of detection of 1-8 pg/ml plasma. Arginine-vasopressin was found to be stable in whole blood for up to 1 h at room temperature and for at least 4 h at 4 degrees C, while in plasma stored at -20 degrees C no loss was seen over 10 days. Dehydration and rehydration in normal subjects produced appropriate changes in AVP concentration but there was considerable variability in the levels attained by individual subjects and no obvious correlation with plasma osmolality. No consistent increase in plasma AVP concentration was seen on change of posture from the recumbent to the upright position. Vigorous exercise produced a marked rise in plasma AVP concentrations in most subjects which could not be attributed simply to an increase in plasma osmolality. In fusion studies with Pitressin in normal subjects showed a mean half-life of 6-4 min with an overall plasma clearance rate of 8-5 ml/min/kg body weight and a mean volume of distribution of 5-33 l. In patients with a biochemical picture suggestive of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, markedly raised plasma AVP concentrations were found only in patients with bronchial carcinoma.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of plasma vasopressin in physiological and pathological states in man. 120 69

1. A patient with polyuria in whom diabetes insipidus had been diagnosed was treated with Pitressin. Resistance to this therapy developed after 18 months and a circulating antibody to vasopressin was then demonstrated. Withdrawal of therapy led to a fall in titre of the antibody and an increase in maximal urinary concentration. 2. The antibody to vasopressin was associated with the IgA fraction of the serum immunoglobulins and its characteristics are described.
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PMID:Polyuria associated with an antibody to vasopressin. 126 Dec 9

The aims of this study were: (1) to examine whether the posterior pituitary contains prolactin releasing factor (PRF) activity, (2) to determine to what extent known neurohypophyseal peptides contribute to this activity, and (3) to compare posterior pituitary PRF activities of hens in different reproductive stages. Anterior pituitary cells derived from juvenile female turkeys were incubated with posterior pituitary extracts or test substances for 3 hr. Posterior pituitary extracts (0.1-0.8 equivalent) contained a potent substance(s) which stimulated PRL release in a concentration-dependent manner (2.4 +/- 0.08 to 6.5 +/- 0.23 micrograms/500 k cells). Arginine vasotocin (AVT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antisera (1:500) completely abolished the PRL-releasing activities of their respective peptides but partially reduced (P less than 0.05) the PRF activity of the posterior pituitary (AVT, 19.9%; VIP, 55.1%). Mesotocin antiserum did not alter (P greater than 0.05) PRL release induced by posterior pituitary extract. Posterior pituitary extract (0.01-0.5 equivalent) from hens in each of the various stages of the reproductive cycle induced a concentration dependent PRL release. The 0.5 posterior pituitary equivalent dose from reproductively quiescent (nonphotostimulated), laying, photorefractory, and incubating hens increased PRL release 2.4-, 2.9-, 3.8-, and 11.1-fold, respectively. The turkey posterior pituitary contains a potent PRF activity, partially accounted for by VIP and AVT, at the assayed concentrations, which varies with the reproductive cycle.
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PMID:Evidence of a role for the turkey posterior pituitary in prolactin release. 142 46

The modulation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) production and the cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase were studied in isolated semicircular canal epithelium of the frog. The basal cAMP content, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was 344 +/- 37.8 fmoles/structure/5 min (mean +/- SEM, n = 41). This content was increased 6- to 8-fold by forskolin (10(-7) M to 10(-5) M). Among the tested drugs, only prostaglandin E2, isoproterenol, and vasotocin increased the cAMP production: 1.7-fold by prostaglandin E2 (1.5 X 10(-7) M) and isoproterenol (10(-6) M), and 1.3- and 3.3-fold by vasotocin at 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M, respectively. The addition of alpha 2-adrenergic agonists blunted the stimulatory effect of vasotocin. The adenylate cyclase was evidenced in both the basolateral and apical membranes of the dark cells. Vasotocin stimulated only the apical adenylate cyclase of dark cells. These results indicated that the adenylate cyclase located in the apical dark cells of the semicircular canal was stimulated by the antidiuretic hormone which may be involved in the regulation of the endolymph secretion.
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PMID:Adenylate cyclase in the semicircular canal. Hormonal stimulation and ultrastructural localization. 164 55


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