Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a nine-amino acid neurohypophyseal hormone, is capable of replacing the helper cell requirement for IFN-gamma production by Lyt-2+ mouse splenic lymphocytes. We present data here showing that the AVP helper signal occurs via interaction with a novel R on splenic lymphocytes and involves primarily the N-terminal six-amino acid cyclic ring (pressinoic acid) with the C-terminal three-amino acid end of AVP playing a minor role. Pressinoic acid was capable of providing help at concentrations similar to those of AVP, whereas oxytocin and isoleucine pressinoic acid were 10- and 100-fold less effective, respectively. Isoleucine pressinoic acid has the same structure as pressinoic acid except for the substitution of isoleucine for phenylalanine in position 3 of the sequence. Consistent with the function data, R binding competitions with splenic lymphocyte membrane preparations showed that AVP and pressinoic acid competed similarly with [3H]AVP, whereas oxytocin and isoleucine pressinoic acid were much less effective competitors. Further characterization of the AVP lymphocyte R was performed using AVP analogues having well defined agonist and antagonist activities on either V1 (vasopressor) R or V2 (antidiuretic) R. The AVP helper signal was blocked by the V1 antagonist [d(CH2)1(5) Tyr(methyl)]AVP but not by another V1 antagonist, [d(CH2)1(5)D-Tyr(ethyl)2Val4]AVP. Both V1-R antagonists were able to block [3H]AVP binding to the V1-R on liver cells, whereas only the V1 antagonist that blocked AVP help was able to compete effectively for the spleen AVP-R. Neither a V2 agonist nor a V2 antagonist had any effect on AVP help in IFN-gamma production. These data strongly indicate the presence of a novel AVP-R on spleen lymphocytes, which is related to the classic V1-R on liver cell membranes.
 ...
PMID:Arginine vasopressin (AVP) replacement of helper cell requirement in IFN-gamma production. Evidence for a novel AVP receptor on mouse lymphocytes. 296 81

The immune system and the neuroendocrine system affect each other via molecules and receptors shared by both systems. Neuroendocrine hormones may act either positively or negatively in regulating the activities of a key cell of the immune system, the macrophage. For example, adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), somatostatin, and substance P are all capable of increasing the cytotoxicity of macrophages against tumor cells. However, ACTH and somatostatin, but not substance P, can also block the tumoricidal activity of macrophages induced by recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), a non-neuroendocrine immunomodulating hormone. In contrast, substance P increased tumoricidal activity, both independent of IFN-gamma and in addition to IFN-gamma. Neurotensin, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, vasopressin, and substance K did not affect tumoricidal function, either alone or in combination with IFN-gamma. Substance P, but not the other neuropeptides, increased substantially the proportion of macrophages able to secrete superoxide ions, suggesting a possible influence on macrophage capacity to deal with microbial infection. Such positive and negative modulation of macrophage effector functions could contribute to the influence of cognitive stimuli in infection and neoplasia.
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptides modulating macrophage function. 303 73

The neurohypophyseal hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin are capable of replacing the interleukin 2 (IL 2) requirement for T cell mitogen induction of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) in mouse spleen cell cultures. The structural basis for the helper signal by these hormones resides in the six N-terminal amino acids of AVP based on the relative ability of AVP, oxytocin, vasotocin, and pressinoic acid (AVP six N-terminal amino acid peptide) to help in IFN-gamma induction. AVP and pressinoic acid provide maximal help at 10(-10) M, while oxytocin and vasotocin with isoleucine at position three in place of phenylalanine are 10-fold less effective. An AVP competitive antagonist of vasopressor activity blocks the AVP helper signal for production of IFN-gamma, while having no effect on IL 2 help. This suggests that the AVP helper signal operates via binding to an AVP vasopressor-type receptor on lymphocytes.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of lymphokine production by arginine vasopressin and oxytocin: modulation of lymphocyte function by neurohypophyseal hormones. 392 16

Interactions between thymocytes and thymic stromal cells are essential for thymocyte differentiation, but little evidence has been presented to directly show in vivo functions or interactions of the stromal cells. Among the stromal cells, the thymic epithelial cell has been considered to have profound effect on thymocyte differentiation and maturation. The calcium-depleted medium, originally developed for the culture of mouse epidermal cells, was applied for the culture of the mouse thymic epithelial cells, and successfully, an epithelial cell line, IT-76MHC was obtained from the mouse thymus. IT-76MHC cells were identified as distinct mouse thymic epithelial cells by 1/ mosaic-like arrangement, 2/ presence of well-developed desmosome and 3/ tonofilaments, 4/ positivity for cytokeratin, and 5/ induced expression of MHC class I and II by IFN-gamma treatment. IGF-1, IGF-2, oxytocin and vasopressin were also detected immunohistochemically in IT-76MHC cells. Furthermore, the IT-76MHC thymic epithelial cells, when injected intrathymically in the allogeneic mouse, prolonged the survival of skin graft from the same donor strain that IT-76MHC cells were derived. These results demonstrate that the thymic epithelial cell line IT-76MHC produces modest thymocyte survival factors as well as a growth suppressor, and that IT-76MHC cells have the ability to induce transplantation tolerance probably through their expression of MHC class I and II molecules. Taken altogether, the IT-76MHC thymic epithelial cells have been proved to be useful tools to better understand the in vivo functions of thymic epithelial cells, and to gain a deep insight into their involvement in the critical selection process of thymocytes which still remains obscure. Finally and additionally, literatures so far reported on thymic epithelial cells in culture, especially lines and clones, are reviewed and their identity as well as their functions are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Establishment of a mouse thymic epithelial cell line, IT-76MHC and a brief review on cultured thymic epithelial cells. 1129 44