Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The responses of the "stress hormones" cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, ACTH, vasopressin (AVP), and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) were studied in 6 normal males in response to acute cortisol deficiency induced by the 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, metyrapone. A 750 mg dose was administered orally at 08:00 h on day 1 and at 4 hourly intervals over a 24-h period. A 20 mg tablet of hydrocortisone or placebo was then given at 08:00 h on day 2, according to a randomized cross-over design. Each subject was restudied after an interval of at least one month. Blood samples were taken for all hormones at 08:00 h on day 1 and at 04:00 h on day 2. Thereafter ACTH and AVP were sampled at 10-min intervals, CRF at 20-min intervals, and cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol at hourly intervals until 12:00 h on day 2. Cortisol (mean +/- SE) fell from 628 +/- 218 nmol/l at 08:00 h (day 1) to a minimum of 230 +/- 78 nmol/l at 05:00 h on day 2. Plasma 11-deoxycortisol rose from 14.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/l to a maximum of 622 +/- 36 nmol/l and plasma ACTH rose from 8.71 +/- 1.64 pmol/l to a maximum of 166.2 +/- 57.5 pmol/l. Diurnal rhythmicity of plasma ACTH was maintained. There was no detectable change in plasma levels of AVP or CRF from baseline (AVP 2.5 +/- 0.8 pmol/l, CRF 3.4 +/- 0.5 pmol/l).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metyrapone induced increase in plasma corticotropin is not associated with changes in peripheral venous arginine vasopressin or corticotropin releasing factor. 814 52

We report the changes in the pattern of diuresis in 20 women (average age 71 years) with increased nocturnal diuresis who were treated with 20 micrograms desmopressin (Minirin). Before treatment, antidiuretic hormone levels were measured every 4 h over a 24-h period and 75% of the levels were found to be beneath the lowest detectable limit (< 0.4 pmol/l). Nocturnal diuresis decreased by 355 +/- 208 ml and in 8 cases the decrease exceeded 400 ml. Diurnal diuresis, on the other hand, increased by 226 +/- 331 ml. Side effects were mild and occurred in only 2 women.
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PMID:Desmopressin in elderly women with increased nocturnal diuresis. A short-term study. 814 77

1. We have studied the response of six patients with cranial diabetes insipidus and six age-matched control subjects to dietary sodium restriction during constant administration of the synthetic vasopressin analogue desamino-[8-D-arginine]vasopressin. 2. Urine flow increased on the first low salt day in the normal control subjects but not in the patients with cranial diabetes insipidus. Body weight fell 1.35 kg in the control subjects but was constant in the patients with cranial diabetes insipidus. 3. Urinary sodium excretion fell at the same rate in both groups. Diurnal variation of urinary sodium excretion and creatinine clearance was present in the control subjects but not in the patients with cranial diabetes insipidus. 4. Changes in plasma sodium concentration and osmolality were similar. Plasma protein concentration increased more in the control subjects (from 69.1 +/- 1.5 to 73 +/- 1.2 versus from 71.7 +/- 1 to 73.2 +/- 1.1 milligrams). The responses of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, plasma renin activity and salivary aldosterone concentration were similar between the two groups. Salivary aldosterone concentration levels were consistently higher in the patients with cranial diabetes insipidus. 5. We confirm that the low salt diuresis is triggered by release from the antidiuretic activity of arginine vasopressin. In the patients with cranial diabetes insipidus extracellular fluid osmoregulation appeared to be achieved by the movement of water out of and sodium into the extracellular fluid. 6. Absent posterior pituitary function and hypothalamic disturbances did not alter renal sodium conservation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Control of sodium excretion in patients with cranial diabetes insipidus maintained on desamino-[8-D-arginine]vasopressin. 828 49

Treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis using DDAVP is based upon the hypothesis that antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is insufficient at night. The known efficacy of the treatment on the one hand, and persisting doubts about its theoretical basis on the other, formed the background of the present study. Ten children (mean age 10.5 years) with primary nocturnal enuresis were compared with a corresponding control group of eight patients. Diurnal and nocturnal urine production, ADH secretion, and plasma osmolality were determined. No differences between the two groups were found for urine production, ADH levels during day and night, or plasma osmolality. However, in order to regulate plasma osmolality the enuretic children required a markedly greater output of ADH: 2.87 (95% confidence interval 0.091 to 40.35) pg/ml/mmol/kg v 0.56 (0.08 to 1.03) in the controls (p < 0.01). The results are consistent with the established fact that ADH secretion is a function of plasma osmolality, and they contradict the hypothesis that urine production is increased at night in enuretics because of lower ADH secretion. The findings do not solve the uncertainties in the pathogenesis of enuresis but they suggest there might be a difference between enuretic children and controls at the ADH receptor level.
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PMID:Antidiuretic hormone regulation in patients with primary nocturnal enuresis. 854 6

Diurnal changes of extracellular body water in enuretic (n = 8) and healthy children (n = 8) and plasma antidiuretic hormone level were examined in enuretic patients, using bioelectrical impedance analysis and radioimmunoassay. In enuretic children day/night values of extracellular space were 25.81% (10.90 l) vs 25.00% (10.52 l), with a night reduction of 3.13% (daytime 100%) (0.38 l). In controls the same parameters were 24.92% (11.88 l) vs 24.82% (11.80 l), the difference is 0.44% (0.08 l). In patients plasma antidiuretic hormone values were 2.96 pM/ml during the day and 2.70 pM/ml in the night. Results show, that in enuretic children there is a nocturnal reduction in extracellular water (p < 0.01), and the physiological nocturnal rise in antidiuretic hormone secretion in absent.
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PMID:[Nocturnal enuresis and diurnal changes in extracellular fluid space in childhood]. 967 19

Diurnal and nocturnal species are profoundly different in terms of the temporal organization of daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. The neural bases for these divergent patterns are at present unknown. Here we examine functional differences in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and one of its primary targets in a diurnal rodent, the unstriped Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) and in a nocturnal one, the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus). Grass rats and laboratory rats were housed in a 12:12 light:dark cycle, and killed at six time points. cFos-immunoreactive rhythms in the SCN of grass rats and laboratory rats were similar to those reported previously, with peaks early in the light phase and troughs in the dark phase. However, cFos-immunoreactivity in the lower subparaventricular zone (LSPV) of grass rats rose sharply 5 h into the dark phase, and remained high through the first hour after light onset, whereas in laboratory rats it peaked 1 h after light onset and was low at all other sampling times. Daily cFos rhythms in both the SCN and the LSPV persisted in grass rats, but not in laboratory rats, after extended periods in constant darkness. In grass rats, the endogenous cFos rhythm in the LSPV, but not the SCN, was present both in calbindin-positive and in calbindin-negative cells. Cells that expressed cFos at night in the region of the LSPV in grass rats were clearly outside of the boundaries of the SCN as delineated by Nissl stain and immunoreactivity for vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The LSPV of the grass rat, a region that receives substantial input from the SCN, displays a daily rhythm in cFos expression that differs from that of laboratory rats with respect to its rising phase, the duration of the peak and its dependence on a light/dark cycle. These characteristics may reflect the existence of mechanisms in the LSPV that enable it to modulate efferent SCN signals differently in diurnal and nocturnal species.
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PMID:Differences in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and lower subparaventricular zone of diurnal and nocturnal rodents. 1521 64

We investigated the effects of redecoration of a hospital isolation room with natural materials on thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and hormonal parameters of healthy subjects staying in the room. Two isolation rooms with almost bilaterally-symmetrical arrangements were used. One room (RD) was redecorated with wood paneling and Japanese paper, while the other (CN) was unchanged (with concrete walls). Seven healthy male subjects stayed in each room for over 24 h in the cold season. Their rectal temperature (T(re)) and heart rate, and the room temperature (T(a)) and relative humidity were continuously measured. Arterial blood pressures, arterial vascular compliance, thermal sensation and thermal comfort were measured every 4 h except during sleeping. Blood was sampled after the stay in the rooms. In RD, T(a) was significantly higher by about 0.4 degrees C and relative humidity was lower by about 5% than in CN. Diurnal T(re) levels of subjects in RD significantly differed from those in CN, i.e., T(re)s were significantly higher in RD than in CN especially in the evening. In RD, the subjects felt more thermally-comfortable than in CN. Redecoration had minimal effects on cardiovascular parameters. Plasma levels of catecholamines and antidiuretic hormone did not differ, while plasma cortisol level was significantly lower after staying in RD than in CN by nearly 20%. The results indicate that, in the cold season, redecoration with natural materials improves the thermal environment of the room and contributes to maintaining core temperature of denizens at preferable levels. It also seems that redecoration of room could attenuate stress levels of isolated subjects.
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PMID:Effects of redecoration of a hospital isolation room with natural materials on stress levels of denizens in cold season. 1795 90

Diurnal and nocturnal animals differ with respect to the time of day at which the ovulatory surge in luteinizing hormone occurs. In some species this is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the primary circadian clock, via cells that contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and vasopressin (AVP). Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that chronotype differences in the timing of the luteinizing hormone surge are associated with rhythms in expression of the genes that encode these neuropeptides. Diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) were housed in a 12/12-h light-dark cycle and killed at one of six times of day (Zeitgeber time 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21; ZT 0 = lights-on). In-situ hybridization was used to compare levels of vip, avp and VIP receptor mRNA (vipr2) in the SCN of intact females, ovariectomized females, ovariectomized females given estradiol and intact males. We found a sex difference in vip rhythms with a peak occurring at ZT 13 in males and ZT 5 in intact females. In all groups avp mRNA rhythms peaked during the day, from ZT 5 to ZT 9, and had a trough in the dark at ZT 21. There was a modest rhythm and sex difference in the pattern of vipr2. Most importantly, the patterns of each of these SCN rhythms relative to the light-dark cycle resembled those seen in nocturnal rodents. Chronotype differences in timing of neuroendocrine events associated with ovulation are thus likely to be generated downstream of the SCN.
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PMID:Daily rhythms and sex differences in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIPR2 receptor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of a diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus. 1981 36


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