Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to determine the strain differences in learning of swimming behavior and to study the influence of vasopressin or its derivatives on hemicholinium-3-induced impairment of water maze learning in mice, we designed a new apparatus using water maze which has three panels in small fish breeding water bath (L60 x W30 x H36 cm). In the first swimming, six strains of adult male mice, ICR, ddY, ddN, C3H/He, BALB/C and C57BL were subjected to learn swimming behavior twice a day for 6 d in a straight course. Only ICR, ddN, C57BL and BALB/C strain mice were chosen for the next experiment. In the second swimming, mice (ICR, ddN, C57BL, BALB/C) were swum in the water maze apparatus. Scopolamine-induced impairment of water maze learning was produced only in ICR, BALB/C mice, but not in C57BL and ddN strain, which was recovered by physostigmine. Amnesia was not obtained by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of cycloheximide and AlCl3 in mice (ICR). Hemicholinium-induced amnesia was improved by vasopressin and desmopressin. Lysine-vasopressin and oxytocin were without affecting hemicholinium-induced amnesia. Pretreatment with a vasopressin antagonist, ([1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopenta-methylene propionic acid), 2-(o-methyl)tyrosine arginine]-vasopressin) resulted in a reversible effect on the improvement of hemicholinium-induced amnesia by vasopressin. Of four different strain mice, ICR mice were the most preferable to the presently used test. They were also more responsive to hemicholinium and vasopressin than the other strains. These results suggest that the simple water maze apparatus may be useful for a pre-examination of nootropics or a study of learning of swimming behavior in mice.
 ...
PMID:[Strain differences of mice in learning of swimming behavior and effect of hemicholinium and vasopressin. Observation by a simple water maze apparatus]. 148 47

Prolyl endopeptidase (PPCE) plays an important role in the degradation of biologically active peptides such as vasopressin which facilitates the process of learning and memory. Here, the effect of synthetic PPCE inhibitors (Z-Pro-, Suc-Pro-, Suc-Pyr-, Suc-Sar- and Z-prolinal) on the acquisition and retention of avoidance response was studied. Using mice of the ddY strain, tests were performed both in repeated trials of an active avoidance task and in a newly contrived one-trial passive-active avoidance task. The applicability of both tests for the evaluation of the anti-amnesic effect of the drugs was confirmed by the effect of scopolamine and arginine vasopressin (AVP). The most potent inhibitor, Z-Pro-prolinal, facilitated the acquisition of active avoidance response and retarded the extinction of the response. Other inhibitors also facilitated the retention of the acquired response. In the one-trial passive-active avoidance test, the facilitating effect of the PPCE inhibitors on the acquisition was parallel to their activity as a PPCE inhibitor. Scopolamine-induced amnesia was also improved by the inhibitors. These results suggest that the anti-amnesic effect of PPCE inhibitors is partially attributed to their inhibitory effect on the breakdown of AVP in the brain.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental models for studying the avoidance response in mice and the anti-amnesic effect of prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors]. 330 43

The possibility that drugs administered to Skylab 3 (SL-3) and 4 (SL-4) crewmen for space motion sickness may have interfered with their biomedical evaluation in space was investigated. Healthy volunteers received combinations of Scopolamine/Dexedrine for four days in regimens similar to those used in these missions. Urine samples, heart rate, body temperature, mood and performance were analyzed for drug-related changes. Twenty-four hour urine samples were analyzed by the same procedures as those used to analyze the flight samples. Hormone concentrations determined included cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In addition, volume, specific gravity, osmolarity, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), inorganic phosphate, uric acid and creatinine were measured. Performance was not affected by the Scopolamine/Dexedrine. The drug combination increased daily mean heart rate (HR) significantly in all the subjects and daily mean rectal temperature (RT) in some of the subjects. A 2-4 hr phase shift in the HR circadian rhythm was also observed which indicates that internal circadian synchrony was disturbed by the drugs. Psychological and subjective evaluation indicated that the subjects could usually identify which days they were given the drugs by an increase in tension and anxiety, decreased patience, restlessness, decreased appetite, difficulty in sleeping and feelings of increased heart rate and body temperature. Urinary electrolytes were not changed significantly by the drug, but marked and significant changes occurred in urine volume and hormone excretion patterns. Scopolamine/Dexedrine caused consistent elevations in urinary cortisol and epinephrine and a transient elevation in ADH. Norepinephrine excretion was decreased, but there was no significant change in aldosterone excretion or in 24 hr urine volume. A comparison of these findings with the first four days of inflight data from the SL-3 and SL-4 missions leads to the conclusion that the dramatic increases in aldosterone excretion during the first three days of spaceflight probably can be directly attributed to weightlessness, whereas the antimotion sickness medication could have substantially contributed to the early increased excretion of epinephrine and cortisol during these missions.
 ...
PMID:Space motion sickness medications: interference with biomedical parameters. 1182 24