Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyuria is defined as the passage of large volumes of diluted urine secondary to an abnormality of urine concentration. This disorder can result either from deficient secretion of vasopressin (cranial diabetes insipidus), or from renal resistance to vasopressin (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), primary polydipsia, osmotic diuresis, electrolytic disorders or drugs. Suspicion of impaired renal concentration ability can be confirmed by a fluid deprivation test. The administration of exogenous vasopressin allows to clarify the pathogenetic mechanism. Once the mechanism responsible for polyuria has been clarified it is mandatory to search for underlying causes. Treatment of polyuria should be causal, if its origin is known, and/or symptomatic in order to prevent severe dehydration. Symptomatic treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus consists of administering exogenous vasopressin. Salt restriction associated to a combined administration of hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride or hydrochlorothiazide/indomethacin can reduce urine output by 20 to 50% in case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Pollakiuria is defined as a daytime urinary frequency. It can be isolated or may be a manifestation of lower urinary tract infections, bladder instability, nephrolithiasis or concentrated acidic urines. Detailed history and physical examination represent major clues to diagnostic. Therapy of pollakiuria can be causal or symptomatic using anticholinergic drugs or reeducation in case of bladder instability. Nocturia is characterized by voluntary nocturnal micturitions secondary to conditions inducing impaired renal concentration ability, or to heart failure.
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PMID:[Polyuria, pollakiuria, and nocturia in children: diagnostic and therapeutic approach]. 1134 16

We assessed the effects of OPC-51803 ((5R)-2-[1-(2-chloro-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzoyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-5-yl]-N-isopropylacetamide), a nonpeptide vasopressin V(2)-receptor agonist, on micturition frequency in female homozygous Brattleboro rats (strain carries hereditary diabetes insipidus) and aged male Sprague-Dawley rats with polyuria. Female homozygous Brattleboro rats exhibited more diuresis and a larger micturition frequency over a 24-h period than did the heterozygous controls. In Brattleboro rats, an oral administration of OPC-51803 at 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg significantly decreased urinary frequency and was accompanied by decreased urine volume. However, little effect was seen in the mean and maximal micturition volume. Aged male Sprague-Dawley rats (25-month-old) showed a significant increase in urine volume throughout a 0- to 24-h period compared with mature (6-month-old) rats. Orally administered OPC-51803 at 0.3 mg/kg decreased not only urine volume but also urinary frequency in aged rats. Furthermore, OPC-51803 prolonged the time prior to the first micturition. Therefore, OPC-51803 decreased micturition frequency in both rat species by reducing urine outflow. This suggests that the compound will be useful for treating micturition disorders that result in frequent micturition, such as that from polyuria, nocturnal polyuria, and some kinds of urinary incontinence.
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PMID:Effects of OPC-51803, a novel, nonpeptide vasopressin V2-receptor agonist, on micturition frequency in Brattleboro and aged rats. 1473 21

A 45-year-old man was hospitalized because of weight loss, finger tremor, thirst, polydipsia and increased urinary frequency. He was diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD) and central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the enlarged posterior pituitary with thickened stalk. Histological examination obtained from biopsy of the pituitary revealed lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis. He received treatment with thiamazole (MMI) for GD and desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) for CDI. However, DDAVP administration could be discontinued as GD was gradually improved. This course indicates that not only the recovered renal response to arginine-vasopressin but also the immunomodulative effects of MMI might attribute to the improvement of polyuria.
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PMID:Transient polyuria related to central diabetes insipidus caused by lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis in a patient treated for Graves' disease. 2082 51

The cornerstone of treatment for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is fluid restriction. Demeclocycline is sometimes used but its efficacy is based solely on laboratory endpoints. This drug also has the adverse effects shared by all tetracyclines. Tolvaptan antagonises receptors for arginine vasopressin, a hormone that regulates blood sodium levels by stimulating renal water resabsorption. Tolvaptan is now authorised in the European Union for the treatment of hyponatraemia due to SIADH. Clinical evaluation of tolvaptan in this setting is based on two comparative double-blind placebo-controlled trials including a total of 448 patients with SIADH or hyponatraemia from various other causes. The two trials were combined for analysis. However, because of major methodological flaws, no firm conclusions can be drawn concerning the efficacy in SIADH patients. It remains to be shown that tolvaptan improves symptoms of hyponatraemia (especially neuropsychiatric disorders) or even that it corrects hyponatraemia in these patients. The adverse effects observed in clinical trials were predictable, given the mechanism of action, and included thirst and dry mouth (respectively 16% and 8.4% of patients), hypernatraemia (1.7%), pollakiuria and polyuria. Tolvaptan is metabolised by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP 3A4, hence a high risk of pharmacokinetic interactions. In summary, there is no reason to use tolvaptan to treat the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: its efficacy on symptoms or even on sodium levels has not been demonstrated, and its adverse effect profile is poorly documented. It is better to concentrate on non-drug management.
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PMID:Tolvaptan: any evidence of efficacy in SIADH? 2118 Mar 68

Diabetes insipidus, characterized by polyuria and polydipsia, is a rare disease during pregnancy. Nevertheless, its recognition is important to avoid complications due to dehydration and hypernatremia. Its manifestation during pregnancy ranges from exacerbation of pre-existing central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus to transient pregnancy-induced diabetes insipidus due to the increased metabolism of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) by the placental vasopressinase. Diagnosis can be challenging, as urinary frequency is common during pregnancy and primary polydipsia also needs to be excluded. Also, the standard water deprivation test is not recommended during pregnancy due to the increased risk of complications. Treatment depends upon the final diagnosis, with desmopressin (DDAVP) being the medication of choice in AVP-deficient diabetes insipidus, whereas nephrogenic diabetes insipidus requires treatment of the underlying disease and supportive measures.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus in pregnancy: how to advice the patient? 2946 74