Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been shown to inhibit vasopressin secretion, the role of this effect in the acute biological actions of ANF was investigated using Brattleboro-strain diabetes insipidus (DI) rats. Under thiobarbital anesthesia, synthetic rat ANF of a 25 amino acid sequence was administered intravenously as a bolus (8 micrograms/kg) into the jugular vein. The urine volume, urinary sodium and potassium concentration, blood pressure, and heart rate were determined. It was found that ANF administered exogenously can exhibit its diuretic, natriuretic and vasorelaxant activities even in the absence of vasopressin. This indicates that the inhibition of vasopressin secretion is not an indispensible mechanism for acute biological effects of ANF.
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PMID:Atrial natriuretic factor is biologically active also in the absence of vasopressin: studies on Brattleboro-strain diabetes insipidus rats. 295 71

The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of rat atrial natriuretic factor III (ANF III; 0.5 microgram) was measured on the arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) contents of rat hypothalamic and limbic brain areas as well as those in the plasma. The hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The administration of ANF III in conscious euhydrated rats resulted in a significant reduction of both AVP and OXT contents in the hippocampus. Ether anesthesia interfered with the effect of ANF III, since in anesthetized rats ANF III reduced the levels of AVP and OXT in the septal regions, too. ANF III had no effect on the basal plasma AVP and OXT concentrations, however, the peptide inhibited the plasma AVP and OXT elevation induced by hyperosmosis (intraperitoneal injection of 2.5% NaCl). The results suggest that ANF III may be important in the control of the activity of both the peripheral (hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal) and the central (brain) AVP-ergic and OXT-ergic systems.
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PMID:The effect of atrial natriuretic factor on arginine-8-vasopressin and oxytocin levels in various brain regions and plasma. 297 24

Changes in serum levels of corticotrophin (ACTH), immunoreactive beta-endorphin, antidiuretic hormone and cortisol were compared in children undergoing minor surgery under either general anaesthesia with halothane or epidural anaesthesia by the caudal route. A rapid and major increase in hormone levels was observed under general anaesthesia but not under epidural anaesthesia.
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PMID:[Caudal epidural anesthesia in children. Study of endocrine changes]. 298 4

The French technique of anaesthesia by electrostimulation described in 1972 by Cara and coworkers, consists of transcranial electrostimulation by means of a high frequency current combined with administration of a neuroleptic drug, a benzodiazepine, a curare and nitrous oxide with oxygen. Fentanyl is also given by some authors. In order to assess the benefit of such electrostimulation, this study compared two randomized groups of ten patients, scheduled for abdominal and pelvic surgery. Both groups received the same drugs (i.e. droperidol, flunitrazepam, pancuronium and nitrous oxide with oxygen), whereas patients in group I were also submitted to electrostimulation. This study describes and discusses the clinical behaviour of patients and the hormonal reactions before, during and after surgery. In both groups, operative conditions were satisfactory. Recovery and onset of spontaneous ventilation were rapid and no patient had an unpleasant recall of the operation itself. However, most of them complained of postoperative pain. Electrostimulation did not reduce the quantity of drugs required during and after surgery. In both groups, circulatory activity was significantly increased. In group I, the arterial pressure and the heart rate were significantly higher than in group II during and after surgery. The hormonal reactions showed that in both groups adrenocorticotrophic hormone, growth hormone and antidiuretic hormone increased during surgery. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration was higher in group I during the operation. The serum levels of cortisol decreased before surgery in group I and rose in both groups during and after laparotomy; prolactin increased before surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Electro-drug anesthesia. Clinical and hormonal effects of transcranial electrostimulation]. 299 Feb 60

Thirty two male patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were given low (group A, 0.01 mg/kg bw) and high dose (group B, 0.035 mg/kg bw) fentanyl anaesthesia. Haemodynamic and hormone responses were investigated from the beginning of anaesthesia until extracorporeal circulation (ECC) (group A: n = 16; group B: n = 16). Significant changes in haemodynamics occurred only in group A including an increase in heart rate (36%) and systolic arterial pressure (21%). Plasma vasopressin (ADH) levels rose significantly in both groups after the beginning or surgical procedure which was markedly less pronounced in patients with high fentanyl (group B). In group A (low dose) a second dose of fentanyl was given after sternotomy, which was followed by a significant decrease in ADH (80% from previous value). No significant variations could be demonstrated in plasma levels of cortisol, ACTH, and human growth hormone (HGH). The data stress the importance of plasma-vasopressin-levels in determining the endocrine stress response following trauma and operation. On the other hand there was a lack of correlation between trauma and pain and frequently reported patterns of the endocrine-metabolic stress response.
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PMID:[Significance of endocrine parameters of stress]. 299 19

The effects of exogenous corticotropin releasing factor and arginine vasopressin were evaluated in 6- and 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vasopressin levels did not differ between SHR and WKY, but basal corticosterone level was higher in 6-week-old SHR (p less than 0.01). To block endogenous corticotropin releasing factor secretion and nonspecific systemic responses, both groups were pretreated with chlorpromazine, morphine, and sodium pentobarbital anesthesia before measurement of ACTH responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin infusion. Basal ACTH level was lower in anesthetized 6-week-old SHR than in age-matched WKY (p less than 0.01), but no difference was seen between 11-week-old WKY and SHR. The ACTH response to corticotropin releasing factor in 6-week-old WKY was significantly greater than that in age-matched SHR (p less than 0.01), whereas in 11-week-old SHR and WKY the response was similar. Compared with responses in WKY, SHR showed an increased ACTH response to high doses of vasopressin (0.25 micrograms/100 g body weight) at both ages (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the ACTH response to corticotropin releasing factor is blunted in the early stages of hypertension in SHR but later recovers. These abnormal responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin may be related to the development of spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Adrenocorticotropin responses to corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 300 24

U-50488 is a specific kappa opioid agonist which produces in rats water diuresis resulting in an elevation of plasma osmolarity. Pretreatment with U-50488H (the methanesulfonate salt) in Fisher rats prior to 4 h of bilateral carotid occlusion prevented the development of edema in the forebrain, and the effect was greater than that from pentobarbital anesthesia. An additional injection of an antidiuretic hormone which prevented the plasma hyperosmolarity also significantly reduced the anticerebral edemic effects of U-50488H. The plasma osmotic effect, however, may not completely account for the ischemic protection produced by U-50488H.
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PMID:Protection from ischemia-induced cerebral edema in the rat by U-50488H, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. 303 May 2

The role of variation of venous return on baroreflex control of heart rate during lumbar epidural anesthesia was investigated in 12 unpremedicated patients. Group 1 patients (n = 6) received 8 ml of 0.5% plain bupivacaine in the epidural space (L3-4) (mean upper level of analgesia at T10). Group 2 patients (n = 6) received 8 ml of saline at the same level in the epidural space. Following the epidural injection, phenylephrine (PHE) and nitroglycerin (NTG) were employed to alter the stimulation of baroreceptor sites before and during application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP). Plasma bupivacaine, catecholamines, renin activity, and vasopressin were assayed. In contrast to saline, epidural bupivacaine induced a decrease in systolic arterial and right atrial pressures (-11 +/- 4 and -3.2 +/- 0.7 mmHg, respectively, mean +/- SEM) without change in heart rate, an increase in baroreflex slopes during PHE and NTG injections (+5.9 +/- 1.6 ms/mmHg and +2.8 +/- 0.9 ms/mmHg, respectively), and a decrease in plasma norepinephrine (-248 +/- 89 pg/ml). The application of LBPP restored hemodynamic and reflex variables to preepidural analgesia values, whereas plasma catecholamines decreased further. Plasma renin activity and vasopressin were not modified at any time in either groups. This study indicates that lumbar epidural anesthesia enhances cardiac vagal tone mainly through a decrease in venous return.
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PMID:Influence of venous return on baroreflex control of heart rate during lumbar epidural anesthesia in humans. 308 Sep 22

Induced abortion is an ancient procedure. Vacuum curettage is a recent innovation and is demonstrably superior to other methods for first-trimester abortions. Patient selection, patient preparation and the necessary instruments are described. The only absolute contraindications for local anaesthesia, vacuum curettage abortions are pregnancies too far advanced and allergy to local anaesthestics. The only mandatory laboratory tests are Rh blood group and cervical culture for gonorrhoea. Rh-negative patients must receive anti-D (Rh0) immunoglobulin. Perioperative antibiotics are of proven benefit. The technique of first-trimester vacuum curettage is described in detail here. The technique for very early abortion with the Karman cannula is also described. Fresh examination of tissue is critical after any abortion in order to rule out incomplete or missed abortion and to detect ectopic or molar pregnancy. Management of suspected perforation, haemorrhage, post-abortal syndrome and failed abortion are described. Dilation and evacuation (D&E) is the safest technique for mid-trimester abortion, especially when performed at 13-16 weeks. Some mid-trimester techniques are reviewed and the technique we follow is described in detail. Laminaria tents are left in place overnight, and the procedure is performed under paracervical block with intravenous sedation using low doses of diazepam and fentanyl. Evacuation is by means of large-bore vacuum cannula system and large ovum forceps. General anaesthesia is avoided because it increases the risk of perforation and haemorrhage. Adjuncts to D&E are described: intraoperative real-time ultrasound, intracervical vasopressin, two days' treatment with laminaria tents, and Hern's technique combining laminaria with intra-amniotic infusion of urea prior to D & E.
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PMID:Surgical techniques of uterine evacuation in first- and second-trimester abortion. 308 13

We examined whether vasopressin and/or sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanisms constitute the efferent limb of an afferent renal nerve (ARN)-dependent renal pressor "reflex" produced by acute unilateral renal artery stenosis (RST). Rats that had received sinoaortic denervation (SAD) were implanted with right renal artery occluders and flow probes. After recovery, conscious rats received captopril. Acute RST increased arterial pressure (AP) by 25% and mesenteric and hindquarters resistances by 35 and 51%, respectively. Vasopressin receptor antagonism was without effect on the reflex. Ganglionic blockade (chlorisondamine or trimethaphan) abolished the reflex, as did alfaxalone/alfadolone or urethan-chloralose anesthesia. In an additional study, SAD animals were prepared with chronic T6 spinal cord transection. Increases in AP during RST were unaffected by spinal transection (27 +/- 4 mmHg). However, the increase in hindquarter resistance in the sham-transected animals (57 +/- 12%) was markedly attenuated (19 +/- 4%) in the spinal-transected group. The data suggest that in animals with depressed baroreflexes and renin-angiotensin system responsiveness, acute RST initiates an ARN-dependent pressor reflex with vasoconstrictor nerves comprising the efferent limb of the reflex. The reflex can be integrated at the spinal level and is highly sensitive to anesthesia.
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PMID:Renal pressor reflex: involvement of sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanisms. 310 58


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