Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare case of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion occurring after minor surgery is presented. A ten-year-old, previously healthy boy underwent general anaesthesia for detorsion and right orchiopexy. Throughout the operations, which lasted for one hour, he received 120 ml Ringer's lactate solution. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful. Twenty-two hours postoperatively he was found unconscious with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Simultaneously obtained serum sodium concentration (121 mEq.L-1) serum osmolarity (265 mEq.L-1), urine sodium concentration (87 mEq.L-1) and urine osmolarity (525 mEq.L-1) suggested inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion which was confirmed by an elevated serum arginine-vasopressin (AVP) level of 14.5 pcg.ml-1 (normal 1-5 pcg.ml-1) measured by radioimmune assay. He was treated with a single iv dose of 30 mg furosemide and fluid restriction, which produced a gradual increase of his serum sodium concentration to normal within two days. He was well during the remainder of his hospitalization.
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PMID:Symptomatic hyponatraemia due to inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion following minor surgery. 173 45

Identification of specific cell types is fundamental to interpreting single cell recording studies. The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) contains phasic (putative vasopressin) cells and a mixed population of continuously firing vasopressin and oxytocin cells. We injected cholecystokinin (CCK-8; i.v.), which is known to release oxytocin but not vasopressin, to see if such injections might differentiate oxytocin from vasopressin cells. Recordings made, using the ventral surgical approach to the SON in female rats under urethane anaesthesia (1.3 g/kg) from 49 non-phasic cells showed that CCK-8 (20 micrograms/kg) excited 41. Twenty of these 41 cells were tested for their response to i.v. injections of phenylephrine (10 micrograms), which interrupts the firing of putative vasopressin cells, and none were inhibited. Only one out of 8 cells recorded from suckled, lactating rats which showed a burst of spikes just before reflex milk-ejection was inhibited by phenylephrine. Injections of CCK-8 also excited 4 out of four such 'milk ejection' cells. Cells activated by CCK, cells unaffected by phenylephrine, cells activated just before reflex milk-ejection and cells which fire continuously appear to be a single population, thus continuous firing gives a good indication that an SON cell secretes oxytocin.
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PMID:Identification of oxytoxin cells in the rat supraoptic nucleus by their response to cholecystokinin injection. 202 16

Patient preparation and a modified operative technique are described for electrocoagulation ablation of the endometrium using a roller-bar electrode. No preoperative or postoperative endometrial suppression was used. Rather, the endometrial cavity was denuded by suction curettage just before ablation, which was performed in the early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Lidocaine paracervical block containing vasopressin was injected at the start of the procedure to control pain and to minimize bleeding and irrigation fluid absorption. Pulsed irrigation of the uterus was used to improve visibility through uterine debris and the bubbles generated by the electrical current. The first 20 patients who had electrocoagulation ablation of the endometrium with these modifications were compared with the first 18 patients who had laser coagulation ablation using standard technique and preoperative endometrial suppression. Compared with the laser method, the modified coagulation method resulted in a comparable rate of satisfactory bleeding decrease at 6 months (90 versus 94%), but involved a clinically significant reduction in total anesthesia time (66.8 versus 117.3 minutes) and volume of irrigation fluid used (5.7 versus 15.9 L).
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PMID:Modified endometrial ablation: electrocoagulation with vasopressin and suction curettage preparation. 203 Aug 76

Effect of intramuscular administration of pethidine on cardiovascular and endocrine functions were studied as judged by cardiac variables and plasma hormone levels in dogs under 1% enflurane anesthesia. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were divided into three groups. Seven dogs receiving physiological saline only served as the control group. Pethidine 2 mg.kg-1 was given to each of nine dogs (2 mg.kg-1 group), and in the remaining eight dogs 6 mg.kg-1 of the drug was administered (6 mg.kg-1 group). Swan-Ganz catheter was used for measurement of cardiac variables such as central venous pressure, cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and etc. In the 6 mg.kg-1 group, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac index decreased significantly, but no significant changes in cardiac variables were observed in the 2 mg.kg-1 group. Plasma levels of cortisol and ACTH decreased significantly in the 6 mg.kg-1 group and tended to decrease in the 2 mg.kg-1 group. No significant changes were observed in plasma levels of catecholamines, aldosterone, renin activity, antidiuretic hormone and insulin in both groups. These findings suggest that in dogs under 1% enflurane anesthesia intramuscular administration of pethidine 6 mg.kg-1 would depress cardiac functions and intramuscular administration of pethidine more than 2 mg.kg-1 would also depress adrenocortical function.
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PMID:[Effect of intramuscular pethidine on cardiovascular and endocrine functions in dogs]. 205 72

Plasma concentrations of alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-ANP), antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone (ALDS) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 9 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting under high dose fentanyl (94.4 micrograms.kg-1) anesthesia. These three levels in pre-anesthetic period (control values) were within normal ranges suggesting the absence of congestion and dehydration. Although these values changed significantly after sternotomy, they all increased at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reaching 2.5 fold in alpha-ANP, 27.7 fold in ADH and 2.4 fold in ALDS as compared with control (P less than 0.05). Present results indicate that high dose fentanyl anesthesia cannot suppress ADH and ALDS level during CPB as was previously demonstrated and the observed rise in alpha-ANP level is considered to be inadequate not only for diuresis but also for vascular dilatation. Administration of alpha-ANP to ameliorate circulatory insufficiency after CPB should probably be considered.
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PMID:[Alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide, antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone levels in patients undergoing aortocoronary grafting under high dose fentanyl anesthesia]. 214 74

The patterns of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), peptide hormones (adrenocorticotropic hormone, antidiuretic hormone, beta-endorphin, growth hormone and prolactin), hydrocortisone (cortisol) and those of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) and total and differential leucocyte counts in the peripheral blood were investigated during and for 6 days after thyroid surgery in 20 patients (F/M: 18/2) performed under acupuncture anaesthesia, supplemented by small doses of pethidine (mean: 45.0 mg, s.d. 8.9). Throughout surgery the patients remained conscious. During surgery a significant increase in the level of catecholamines and the above-mentioned circulating hormones and a decrease of immunoglobulins were observed, whereas the leucocyte and differential counts demonstrated leucocytosis due to lymphocytosis, a decreased percentage of eosinophils and a remarkably reduced percentage of neutrophils. In the postoperative phase, levels of noradrenaline and beta-endorphin remained elevated, whereas the other circulating hormones gradually returned to normal values. Immunoglobulin levels and eosinophil counts returned to the preinduction values within 24 h, and those of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts within 2 days. Changes in number of monocytes and basophils could not be detected peri- and postoperatively.
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PMID:The patterns of stress response in patients undergoing thyroid surgery under acupuncture anaesthesia in China. 217 67

The authors have shown that the suppression of the excretory function of the kidneys during the period of artificial circulation is considerably dependent on the concentration of vasopressin in blood and the associated spasm of renal vessels. The use of morphine as the main medicine for general anesthesia with the dose of 3 mg/kg as compared with the dose 2 mg/kg, gives less level of vasopressin in blood and thus reduces symptoms of antidiuresis in response to the action of strong stressogenic factors.
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PMID:[Excretory function of the kidneys during artificial circulation in patients operated on for acquired heart defects]. 217 86

The patient with cancer poses a challenge to the anesthesiologist for a variety of reasons including the effects of cancer (altered hemostasis, depressed immune response, and compromised airways), the effects of chemotherapy (malfunction of the myocardium, lungs, kidneys, and bone marrow; depression of pseudocholinesterase; and production of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone), as well as effects of radical cancer surgery (massive blood loss and the need for prolonged anesthesia). Anesthetic techniques to address these problems had their beginnings in the Department of Anesthesiology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. This paper traces the development of modern oncologic anesthesia and discusses how these advances significantly reduced operative mortality.
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PMID:Origin of oncologic anesthetic techniques. 218 93

To evaluate whether, and to what extent, release of endogenous vasopressin supports blood pressure when efferent sympathetic drive is blocked by epidural anesthesia, the authors studied the effects of high epidural anesthesia alone and when vasopressin was prevented from acting at its vascular (V1)-receptor in six awake, trained, unsedated dogs. On different days, the same dose of 0.5% bupivacaine (8-13 ml) was injected epidurally in a randomized fashion either in the presence or absence of (V1)-vasopressin receptor blockade, and the effects were evaluated on cardiovascular (arterial blood pressure, heart rate) and respiratory (blood gases, oxygen consumption) variables, and on plasma concentrations of vasopressin and renin. Results were also contrasted to those obtained after epidural injection of saline alone (placebo) in the same dogs. When endogenous vasopressin was prevented from acting by intravenous pretreatment with a specific V1-receptor antagonist (beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopenta-methylene-propionyl-O-Me-Tyr-Arg-Vasopressin), epidural anesthesia resulted in a rapid and sustained 35% decrease in mean arterial blood pressure from 92 mmHg +/- 5 SE to 60 mmHg +/- 4. In contrast, only a 14% decrease in mean blood pressure from 92 mmHg +/- 5 to 79 mm Hg +/- 6 was noted after epidural anesthesia alone. This difference between groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The V1-receptor blockade alone had no detectable effect. Vasopressin plasma concentrations significantly increased from 3.4 +/- 0.3 pg.ml-1 to 16.2 +/- 3.2 pg.ml-1 after epidural anesthesia but did not change after epidural saline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Endogenous vasopressin supports blood pressure and prevents severe hypotension during epidural anesthesia in conscious dogs. 200 Oct 46

The rate of urine formation and its composition are influenced by the different drugs used during surgery. Anaesthetics act on renal function, not only directly, but also by producing changes in cardiovascular function and in neuroendocrine activity. Many factors may be incriminated: lowered blood pressure and cardiac output, increased sympathetic outflow (renal nerve stimulation and increased plasma catecholamines), increased release of renin, angiotensin and vasopressin. The effects of anaesthetics on the kidney go beyond a simple change in basal haemodynamics and include, for some drugs, an alteration in the ability for the kidney to autoregulate its blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Studies on toad bladders showed a decrease in transport of water, sodium and organic anions. But, in fact, renal effects of anaesthetics in man and animals depend on the species, the anaesthetic and the method used to study the effect. Most barbiturates and inhalational anaesthetics tend to decrease renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These trends are gradually reversed during recovery. The effects of ketamine and diazepam are not clearly defined. Morphine and fentanyl decrease urine flow and GFR, whilst RBF increases or decreases, depending on whether a direct or indirect measurement technique was used. Muscle relaxants have little effect on renal function. Spinal and epidural anaesthesia only slightly decrease GFR and RBF in proportion to the decrease in mean arterial pressure. Obviously, the preexisting intravascular volume and the quantity of intravenous fluids given strongly influence the renal response to spinal and epidural anaesthesia. Some studies have shown that urine flow rate, creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion and RBF are reduced during mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure. Surgery itself influences renal function by inducing alterations in prerenal haemodynamics. Operative stress leads to an increase in circulating catecholamines and angiotensin. Significant fluid shifts, excessive blood loss and redistribution of a third space may lead to a prerenal oliguric state, increasing secretion of vasopressin. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequently lethal complication of critical surgical illness, due to a variety of factors which interfere with glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, such as renal hypoperfusion or nephrotoxic insults. In fact, the initiating aggression ultimately culminates in the development of one or more of the maintenance factors (decreased tubular function, tubular obstruction, decreased GFR and RBF) that reduce urine flow and osmolar excretion. Good management during the perioperative period tends to minimize the risk of developing ARF.
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PMID:[Changes in renal function induced by anesthesia]. 227 18


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