Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute exposure to either prolonged intermittent foot shock (PIFS) or brief continuous foot shock, (BCFS) decreases the sensitivity of rats to noxious stimuli, but differ in their mechanisms of actions. Since the peptide vasopressin (VP) has been implicated in analgesic and stress-related processes, the present study examined whether antagonism of central VP receptors with dPTyr(Me)AVP would alter the analgesic responses following PIFS or BCFS. While intracerebroventricular administration of dPTyr(Me)AVP, a V1 receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the analgesic response to PIFS, it potentiated the analgesic response to BCFS. It should be noted that the form of PIFS employed in the present study was not blocked by naloxone. These results are discussed in terms of multiple forms of pain-inhibitory systems that may utilize collateral inhibition as a means of providing selective activation.
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PMID:Differential effects of dPTyr(Me)AVP, a vasopressin antagonist, upon foot shock analgesia. 300 87

The existence of a wide variety of neuropeptides within the spinal cord dorsal horn raises the question of their possible roles in sensory processing. The present series of behavioral experiments examined the effects of intrathecal (IT) administration of two such neuropeptides, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and vasopressin (VAS), on pain sensitivity and antinociception. TRH exerted no marked effect on basal pain sensitivity over the dose range examined (0.25 ng-2.5 micrograms). However, a U-shaped dose-response effect on morphine antinociception (3 micrograms, IT) was observed, wherein potent attenuation, moderate attenuation, or enhancement of morphine-induced antinociception was observed following the various doses tested. In contrast, VAS produced non-opiate antinociception at the highest doses tested (25 ng and 250 ng) and none of the VAS doses (0.25 ng-250 ng) appeared to interact with IT morphine (3 micrograms) antinociception. Lastly, IT TRH was not observed to interact with IT VAS antinociception. These data provide evidence that these neuropeptides exert strikingly different effects on pain sensitivity and opiate antinociception, and provide initial evidence that TRH may be included in the growing list of neuropeptides that can act like endogenous opiate antagonists within the central nervous system.
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PMID:Role of spinal cord neuropeptides in pain sensitivity and analgesia: thyrotropin releasing hormone and vasopressin. 308 Feb 1

The effect of daily peripheral administration of various peptides on learning and memory performance was studied in male albino rats. Groups of rats were treated with either TRH (1.0 mg/kg) alpha-MSH (1.0 mg/kg), or saline for three days. Other groups were treated either with vasopressin (1.0 microgram/kg) or saline. All treatments were 30 min before testing in a Morris Water Task apparatus. This type of learning is spatial learning which requires integration of environmental cues. Only alpha-MSH treated rats exhibited improved learning on Day 1 and Day 3 of the training period. One month later all rats were retested with no difference between the experimental groups. Single doses of these peptides caused a nonsignificant increase in pain threshold. The body weight gain of vasopressin-treated rats was significantly reduced as well as their motoric behavior. Therefore, the alpha-MSH effect on learning cannot be explained by nonspecific effects on body weight, pain threshold, or motor activity level.
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PMID:Effects of alpha-MSH, TRH and AVP on learning and memory, pain threshold, and motor activity: preliminary results. 311 86

To learn more about the beneficial effect of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) on symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea, plasma levels of vasopressin and a prostaglandin F2-alpha metabolite in dysmenorrheic women were investigated before and during treatment with a gestagen-dominated OC. The 10 subjects were administered an OC containing 150 mcg of levonorgestrel and 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol for 21 days. The 7 women with dysmenorrheic symptoms at the time of blood sampling during the 1st menstruation graded their pain as averaging 2.1 (moderate to severe) + or - 0.3; during the 2nd menstruation, the average value was 2.9 (severe) + or - 0.1, indicating a significant increase in pain at the start of the withdrawal bleeding. Vasopressin concentrations in samples obtained on days 1-3 of the control cycle were significantly higher than those on days 6-8, 20-22, and 24-26 of the control cycle and days 1-2 of the next menstruation. Thus, the highest concentrations were obtained at the beginning of the 2 painful menstruations and at ovulation in the control cycle. During treatment, vasopressin concentrations were consistently low, except on the 1st day of withdrawal bleeding. The concentrations of the prostaglandin F2-alpha metabolite showed less variation, again, values at withdrawal bleeding were not different from those obtained during painful menstruation. Plasma concentrations of ovarian and adenohypophysial hormones, as well as osmolality, were normal throughout. Thus, the present study provided no evidence that there is a reduced release of vasopressin and/or prostaglandin F2-alpha capable of accounting for the beneficial effect of OCs on dysmenorrhea. It is possible, however, that a difference in ovarian hormone concentrations is more pronounced in uterine tissue than in plasma.
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PMID:Plasma concentrations of vasopressin and a prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite in women with primary dysmenorrhoea before and during treatment with a combined oral contraceptive. 312 2

Local endometrial blood flow was measured by a thermistor technique and myometrial activity by intrauterine pressure recording in 10 women before and during menstruation. The effect of lysine vasopressin infusion (1 pmol/kg body-weight per min) and of bolus injection of a synthetic oxytocin analogue, 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin (10 nmol/kg body-weight), were studied. Spontaneous variations in blood flow were seen synchronous with clearly demarcated uterine contractions, the myometrial activity being significantly increased in early (day -1 to day +2) compared with late (day +3 to day +5) menstrual phase. The vasopressin infusion decreased blood flow, stimulated uterine activity and caused slight to moderate dysmenorrhoea-like pain. These effects were completely inhibited by the injection of the oxytocin analogue. In-vitro studies on uterine arteries confirmed that the analogue also inhibited the vasopressin-induced constriction of the uterine arteries. This antagonist was more effective than two other analogues, 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Val-8-Orn-oxytocin and 1-deamino-2-Tyr(OEt)-oxytocin. The counteracting effect of 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin on the vasopressin-induced decrease of blood flow and increase of contractions supports the therapeutic value of the drug in primary dysmenorrhoea and preterm labour.
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PMID:Uterine blood flow and myometrial activity at menstruation, and the action of vasopressin and a synthetic antagonist. 319 Oct 63

The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) vasopressin (VP) on nociception were quantitatively tested in rats using 4 pain tests: tail flick, tail shock vocalization, hot plate, and formalin. In addition, motor effects of VP were examined qualitatively. I.t. VP produced a prolonged antinociception lasting at least 40 min on the tail flick (2.5 and 25 ng) and formalin (25 ng) tests, and a brief antinociception lasting less than 20 min on the tail shock (25 ng) and hot plate (25 ng) tests. Those rats not responding to the pain tests showed no signs of perceiving the pain stimulus, such as orientation to the stimulus or vocalization. In addition, i.t. VP produced scratching bouts (2.5 and 25 ng) and suppressed hindbody motor function (25 ng). The motor inhibitory effects of VP, although severe in some rats, were brief, lasting less than 15 min. In conclusion, i.t. VP produces antinociception in addition to its motor effects, and these properties appear to be due to separate mechanisms.
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PMID:Antinociception vs motor effects of intrathecal vasopressin as measured by four pain tests. 319 98

In several experiments the rats were subjected to immobilization stress (IMO) for 150 min daily for 7 to 38 days and after each IMO they were placed into individual metabolism cages. A considerable decrease of food and water intake was found even after the first IMO and lasted up to the 7th IMO. This resulted in a decrease of body weight and of diurnal urine output, while the osmolality of urine increased. However, the expected corresponding increase in urinary excretion of vasopressin (AVP) did not occur. In contrast, AVP excretion after 6th and 7th IMO decreased by about 50 per cent. In some experiments the urine was collected during the period of IMO. It was found that the total urine output sharply increased and its osmolality decreased. Moreover, the excretion of AVP decreased and the excretion of calcium and Na :K ratio in urine were elevated. After repeated IMO (i. e. after 7th, 16th and 38th IMO) all mentioned changes were still more expressed. Thus, the urine output increased more than two fold. However, the administration of dDAVP (synthetic analogue of AVP) prior to IMO resulted either in the normalization of urine output or anuria, respectively, depending on the dose administered. When 30 min portions of urine excreted during 150 min IMO were collected, it was found that during the first period, when the level of AVP in plasma was increased, the urine output was almost zero. During the second period of IMO the level of AVP in plasma decreased even bellow the control values which was accompanied by water diuresis. Similar biphasic changes were found even previously. It is suggested that the increased AVP release during the first period might be due to the physical stress stimuli (manual squeezing of animals, pain etc.), while the inhibition of AVP release during the second period may be caused by a simultaneous activation of other endocrine mechanisms (endogenous opioids, steroids, catecholamines, atrial natriuretic peptides etc.).
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PMID:Effect of acute and repeated immobilization stress on food and water intake, urine output and vasopressin changes in rats. 326 80

The onset of therapeutic effectiveness of carbamazepine is generally very rapid in the treatment of seizure and paroxysmal pain disorders, shows some lag in the treatment of mania, and exhibits the longest lag in depression. These time course variations may indicate that different mechanisms underlie the efficacy of carbamazepine in the differential neuropsychiatric syndromes. Biochemical and pharmacological data suggest that the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine are related to "peripheral-type" benzodiazepine and alpha 2-noradrenergic receptor systems and to its ability to stabilize sodium channels. GABAB (baclofen-like) actions appear to be involved in antinociceptive, but not anticonvulsant, effects. The relatively acute time course of antimanic efficacy may be related to the above-mentioned mechanisms or to other effects related to systems postulated to be altered in the manic syndrome. These effects might include carbamazepine's ability to increase acetylcholine in the striatum, decrease probenecid-induced levels of CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) in man and dopamine turnover in animals, decrease CSF norepinephrine in manic patients, inhibit adenylate cyclase activity (in response to norepinephrine, dopamine, adenosine, or ouabain), decrease GABA turnover, or act as a vasopressin agonist. Efficacy in depression may be related to actions in man that take time or chronic drug administration to develop, such as increases in plasma tryptophan, decreases in CSF somatostatin, decreases in thyroid indices, and increases in urinary free cortisol excretion and, in animals, increases in substance P sensitivity and increases in brain adenosine receptors. The ability of carbamazepine to block the development of lidocaine- and cocaine-induced seizures also requires chronic administration, suggesting that these seizure models may provide a unique perspective for understanding mechanisms of time-dependent effects.
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PMID:Time course of clinical effects of carbamazepine: implications for mechanisms of action. 328 May 60

In order to study the etiological role of vasopressin in primary dysmenorrhea the therapeutic effect of an antagonist of vasopressin action on the uterus (1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin) was investigated in 14 patients with moderate to severe symptoms. The women participated in the study at two menstruations and each time one intravenous bolus injection of the analogue (10 micrograms/kg body weight) and one of the placebo (saline) were given, randomized and double-blind with at least a 2 hour interval. The effect was monitored by overall ratings and by pain diagrams described by the patients. In the former parameter the vasopressin antagonist was significantly more effective (p less than 0.01). In the pain diagrams, however, a significant reduction of symptoms occurred both after the analogue administrations and after placebo given as second injection. The results support a causative role of vasopressin in primary dysmenorrhea, but further studies with higher doses and/or other routes of administration or delivery systems are required in order to delineate the therapeutic value of vasopressin antagonists in the condition.
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PMID:Can primary dysmenorrhea be alleviated by a vasopressin antagonist? Results of a pilot study. 332 65

The local analgesic efficacy of a cream formulation of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) in reducing pain at venous cannulation was investigated in children scheduled for elective surgery. Forty children participated in a double-blind, randomized comparison between EMLA and inactive placebo cream. Another group of 18 children without any local treatment was studied as an additional control material. Subjective pain scores, expressed with a visual analogue scale, were significantly lower in the EMLA group compared with both the group treated with placebo cream (P less than 0.001) and the open control group (no cream; P less than 0.01). Local pallor and slight oedema were the only side-effects, registered in both cream-treated groups. A preliminary study was also carried out with 10 children (five with EMLA and five without) in order to determine whether catecholamine and vasopressin levels in venous blood are affected by the stress and anxiety associated with venepuncture in children premedicated with oral flunitrazepam. No significant hormone responses were, however, detected. The lidocaine concentrations measured in venous blood taken from the application site of EMLA cream were low, and there were no measurable levels of lidocaine in simultaneous blood samples from the opposite extremity. In our opinion EMLA cream is safe and alleviates effectively the pain associated with venepuncture, and thus deserves a place in the routine premedication of children.
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PMID:Reduction of pain at venous cannulation in children with a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA cream): comparison with placebo cream and no local premedication. 343 65


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