Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were treated with intravenous infusion of 100-200 million IU per day of human leukocyte interferon. Side effects of treatment included fever, chills, malaise, nausea, marked leukopenia, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Tiredness, confusion, papilledema, and overall signs of acute encephalitis were observed. Tendon reflexes and muscle force decreased. EEG activity was slowed, and evoked potentials showed significant slowing of conduction times. Neuropsychological tests revealed congitive dysfunction. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion developed in all patients. All side effects were reversible with cessation of interferon treatment.
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PMID:Neurotoxic and other side effects of high-dose interferon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 620 81

Single rat neurointermediate lobes were impaled on a stimulating electrode and continuously perifused with oxygenated medium. The secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin into the medium was measured by specific radio-immunoassays. The temporal profile of vasopressin release during a 20 min period of 13 Hz stimulation was compared with that of oxytocin. The results indicate that although the rate of secretion of both oxytocin and vasopressin declines over 20 min, the extent and time course of this fatigue is different for the two hormones. This difference could not be accounted for by differences in the rate of diffusion of released hormone from the tissue which was similar to the rate of wash-out of [14C]sucrose from the extracellular space in pre-labelled glands. In separate experiments glands were exposed to a prolonged period (60-70 min) of 13 Hz stimulation interrupted by brief silent periods (30 s-2 min duration). Some recovery from the fatigue of vasopressin secretion was evident after even the shortest of these silent periods. In further experiments glands were stimulated electrically for 18, 36, 54 and 72 s at 13 Hz: the order of presentation of the periods of stimulation was randomized between experiments. The vasopressin release rate declined markedly and progressively between 18 and 72 s. In contrast, the oxytocin release rate was relatively uniform throughout 72 s of stimulation. Thus vasopressin secretion is subject to a relatively rapid and dramatic fatigue. The results support the hypothesis that the phasic discharge patterns characteristic of vasopressin secreting neurones optimize the efficiency of vasopressin release from the nerve terminals in the neurohypophysis by avoiding the fatigue of stimulus-secretion coupling that accompanies continual stimulation.
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PMID:Reversible fatigue of stimulus-secretion coupling in the rat neurohypophysis. 671 96

The diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of CI-977, a new centrally acting selective kappa-opioid agonist, were determined in 16 healthy subjects. Subjects received single intramuscular doses of CI-977 (5, 15, or 25 micrograms) or placebo 1 week apart according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-period, crossover design. Serial blood and urine specimens were collected after each dose. Significant dose-related decreases in negative free water clearance and urine osmolality and increases in urine volume were observed after administration of 15- and 25-micrograms doses of CI-977. CI-977 had no effect on urine electrolyte excretion or serum antidiuretic hormone. Absorption of CI-977 was rapid with individual tmax values ranging from 0.17 to 1.5 hours. Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased proportionally with dose. Individual elimination half-life values ranged from 0.6 to 3.3 hours and were independent of dose. Changes in free water clearance were related to CI-977 Cmax (r2 = 0.29, P = 0.0001) and AUC(0-4 hr) (r2 = 0.32, P = 0.0001) values. The most frequently reported adverse events after CI-977 administration were dizziness, fatigue, paresthesia, headache, vasodilatation (facial flushing), emotional lability, high feeling, and abnormal thinking. The frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose. In conclusion, CI-977 Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) increased in proportion to dose over the range of 5 to 25 micrograms; decreases in negative free water clearance were related to CI-977 dose and Cmax and AUC(0-4 hr) values; and the frequency and intensity of adverse events increased with increasing CI-977 dose.
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PMID:Diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new centrally acting kappa-opioid agonist (CI-977) in humans. 787 6

The present work aimed to determine the role played by protein kinase-C (PKC) in the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-induced activation of hepatic metabolism. The following observations indicate that activation of PKC is a condition necessary for alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation of hepatic functions, but not sufficient to mimic the receptor-mediated effects in the absence of external physiological stimuli. 1) alpha 1-Adrenoceptor activation promoted the translocation of PKC from the cytosol to its active form in the plasma membrane. 2) Activation of PKC by the phorbol ester 12-myristate 13-acetate or exogenous diacylglycerols or by elevation of endogenous levels of diacylglycerols by inhibiting diacylglycerol kinase mimicked the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated actions. However, the time course and magnitude of the nonreceptor responses differ from those mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation. In addition, nonreceptor-mediated activation of PKC decreased the alpha 1-adrenoceptor responsiveness. 3) Inhibition of PKC by either H-7 [1-(5-isoquinolinilsulfonyl)2-methylpiperazine] or staurosporine inhibited all of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-induced responses, except gluconeogenesis. The vasopressin effects were not inhibited by H-7, indicating that PKC activation is a distinct feature of the hepatic alpha 1-adrenoceptor activation that is not shared by all the Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists. The diacylglycerol-PKC branch of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor signaling pathway seems to control the sustained phase of stimulation of hepatic functions. In these studies we have also observed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate produces a concentration-dependent inhibition of hepatic respiration. However, decreased energy availability does not seem to be the cause of its action to decrease alpha 1-adrenoceptor responsiveness.
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PMID:Role of protein kinase-C in the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated responses of perfused rat liver. 840 60

Water metabolism and the responses of the neurohypophysis to changes in plasma osmolality during the water loading and water deprivation tests were studied in nine patients with postviral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) and eight age and six-matched healthy control subjects. Secretion of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was erratic in these patients as shown by lack of correlation between serum and urine osmolality and the corresponding plasma AVP levels. Patients with PVFS had significantly low baseline arginine-vasopressin levels when compared with healthy subjects. Patients with PVFS as a group also showed evidence of increased total body water content. These results may be indicative of hypothalamic dysfunction in patients with PVFS.
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PMID:Abnormal arginine-vasopressin secretion and water metabolism in patients with postviral fatigue syndrome. 847 96

A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of general fatigue. Laboratory examinations showed hyponatremia, plasma hypo-osmolarity, and inappropriate increased concentration of the plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the presence of concentrated urine. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion in the anterior mediastinum. An extended thymectomy was performed under the diagnosis of thymoma with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Histologically the tumor was located in the thymic tissue and was diagnosed as ganglioneuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed the existence of ADH in the tumor cells. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first case of ganglioneuroblastoma of the thymus with SIADH.
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PMID:Ganglioneuroblastoma of the thymus: an adult case with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 862 Nov 90

Desmopressin is a commonly used, well-tolerated agent for the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis and central diabetes insipidus. Intranasal desmopressin provides symptomatic relief with few serious complications. A 29-year-old woman with a long history of primary nocturnal enuresis began treatment with intranasal desmopressin. Although the enuresis ceased, she developed throbbing headaches, nausea, vomiting, paresthesia, lethargy, fatigue, and altered mental status over the next 7 days. When she came to the emergency room her sodium concentration was 127 mmol/L. The history of desmopressin use was not obtained at that time. She was treated with intravenous fluids and discharged. The symptoms returned and worsened over the next 4 days, and she returned to the emergency room stuporous. A repeat sodium was 124 mmol/L, and she was admitted. The history of desmopressin use was still not available. Medical evaluations included computerized tomography, lumbar puncture, complete blood counts, serum chemistries, and serologies. The next morning the woman was improved and informed clinicians of her desmopressin use. Without other causes for the hyponatremia, she was diagnosed with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, presumably caused by desmopressin. Within 24 hours of fluid restriction and cessation of desmopressin, her symptoms and hyponatremia resolved. A review of the literature found 11 children and 2 adults in whom intranasal desmopressin was associated with hyponatremia, all of whom experienced seizures or altered mental status. Our patient illustrates the importance of early recognition and treatment of hyponatremia before the onset of seizures. When vague symptoms develop during desmopressin therapy, hyponatremia must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis. It may also be prudent to screen for electrolyte abnormalities in patients taking this agent to prevent serious iatrogenic complications.
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PMID:Intranasal desmopressin-induced hyponatremia. 888 98

A case of malignant thymoma with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) complicated by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) following intrathoracic cisdichlorodiammine platinum (CDDP) administration is reported. A 59-year-old Japanese woman who presented with severe general fatigue was diagnosed with PRCA associated with a thymoma, based on the findings of a bone marrow biopsy, computed tomography of the chest, and the existence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. She underwent a thymectomy after frequent blood transfusions. This was followed by intrathoracic CDDP administration, because of pleural dissemination. Nine days following chemotherapy, her serum sodium concentration was found to be 104mM, while her consciousness was drowsy with severe fatigue and vomiting. This hyponatremic state was diagnosed as SIADH induced by CDDP infusion into the thoracic space, based on the hypo-osmolality of her serum, the hyper-osmolality of her urine, and an inappropriate level of plasma vasopressin.
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PMID:Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone following intra-thoracic cisplatin. 873 84

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is a relatively rare but serious condition that can lead to signs and symptoms ranging from mild generalized weakness and fatigue to fulminant shock and death. We present the case of a previously healthy 31-year-old man who developed PAI while undergoing rehabilitation after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The patient suffered a TBI with comminuted skull fractures, bifrontal confusions, and bilateral epidural hematomas in a jet-ski accident. Acute hospitalization was prolonged by several medical complications, and the patient was admitted for subacute rehabilitation 1 month after his injury with cognitive deficits, persistent agitation, confusion, generalized weakness, and poor endurance for therapy. His weakness, fatigue, and orthostasis did not improve with attempts at gradual remobilization. The patient also had persistent anorexia, nausea, and hyponatremia despite various treatment regimens. Endocrinology workup showed normal anterior pituitary function but an abnormal response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation, leading to the diagnosis of PAI. The patient was treated with prednisone and fludrocortisone, which resulted in improvement in clinical symptoms followed by rapid gains in all functional areas. No previous descriptions of PAI following head injury were found in the medical literature. It is important for physiatrists to be aware of this entity because symptoms of adrenal insufficiency can be similar to those commonly seen with TBI alone. PAI may also be confused with other endocrine disorders more frequently seen after TBI such as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Recognition and appropriate management of adrenal insufficiency can lead to significant clinical and functional gains.
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PMID:Primary adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury: a case report and review of the literature. 908 56

Interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine, is characterized by pleiotropy and redundancy of action. Apart from its hematologic, immune, and hepatic effects, it has many endocrine and metabolic actions. Specifically, it is a potent stimulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is under the tonic negative control of glucocorticoids. It acutely stimulates the secretion of growth hormone, inhibits thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion, and decreases serum lipid concentrations. Furthermore, it is secreted during stress and is positively controlled by catecholamines. Administration of interleukin-6 results in fever, anorexia, and fatigue. Elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6 have been seen in the steroid withdrawal syndrome and in the severe inflammatory, infectious, and traumatic states potentially associated with the inappropriate secretion of vasopressin. Levels of circulating interleukin-6 are also elevated in several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin-6 is negatively controlled by estrogens and androgens, and it plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis seen in conditions characterized by increased bone resorption, such as sex-steroid deficiency and hyperparathyroidism. Overproduction of interleukin-6 may contribute to illness during aging and chronic stress. Finally, administration of recombinant human interleukin-6 may serve as a stimulation test for the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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PMID:The pathophysiologic roles of interleukin-6 in human disease. 944 73


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