Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because vascular casts of the pituitary demonstrated that there are a few venous connections from the adenohypophysis to the juxtaposed cavernous sinus, it was predicted that some portal vessels must carry blood from the adenohypophysis back to the neurohypophysis. Physiological studies confirmed this prediction and verified earlier observations that blood-flow within the neurohypophysis can be towards the median eminence. In the present study, increased concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone were found in blood sampled from intracranial vessels (internal carotid artery and sagittal sinus). It was concluded that the neurohypophyseal capillary bed not only receives trophic hormones produced in the adenohypophysis but, under certain physiological circumstances, delivers those hormones directly to the brain.
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PMID:Pituitary secretes to brain. Experiments in sheep. 6 83

In a preliminary report we described the effects of rat prolactin on the incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids by a cell line from a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor. The characteristics of the response to prolactin were very similar to those described for the normal rat mammary gland; namely, insulin was required for full expression of the response, maximal activity was not seen until 36 hr after the addition of the hormones, and growth hormone was able to elicit the same response. However, we were unable to detect binding of 125I-labeled prolactin to these cells, and furthermore, other more purified prolactin preparations were inactive. Upon further investigation we discovered that the activity resided in a low-molecular-weight fraction of the rat prolactin B-1 preparation and was probably either vasopressin or oxytocin or both. These data suggest the possibility that vasopressin may play a role in rodent mammary tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Vasopressin stimulation of acetate incorporation into lipids in a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor cell line. 10 Feb 17

A 45-year-old women had medullary tyroid carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome and galactorrhoea. Elevated plasma immunoreactive ACTH and cortisol were partially suppressed by intravenous dexamethasone, appreciably raised by lysine vasopressin, and urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids slightly elevated by metyrapone. A large arterio-venous increase in plasma corticotrophin releasing factor-like activity across the thyroid gland was observed and tumour tissue contained corticotrophin releasing factor-like activity. Biologically active ACTH was not detected in tumour extracts before incubation with trypsin, but after trypsinization a value of 3.2 mU per gram was obtained. Arterial plasma contained biologically active ACTH (1.5 mU/100 ml) prior to trypsinization. Venous effluent from the thyroid gland contained biologically active (9.6 mU/100 ml) and immunoreactive ACTH (970 pg/ml) before trypsinization. Tumour extracts also contained prolactin production-stimulating activity. These findings can explain the Cushing's syndrome and the galactorrhoea both of which disappeared completely after thyroidectomy.
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PMID:Medullary thyroid carcinoma: ectopic production of peptides with ACTH-like, corticotrophin releasing factor-like and prolactin production-stimulating activities. 18 33

Several procedures have been reported for the assay of corticotrophine-releasing factor (CRF), each having its advantages and disadvantages. This report deals with an in vitro assay of ACTH releasing activity utilizing pituitary incubation combined with ACTH radioimmunoassay. Rat half pituitary was preincubated in 2 ml Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 0.2% glucose and 0.25 % BSA (KRBG-BSA) for 1.5 hr (45 min X 2). The medium was replaced by 1 ml KRBG-BSA and incubated for 30 min. Then the medium was again replaced by 1 ml KRBG-BSA or KRBG-BSA containing test materials and incubated for another 30 min. The amount of ACTH assayed by radioimmunoassay in the 2nd 30 min incubation was compared with in the 1st 30 min incubation and expressed as percentage. In ACTH radioimmunoassay, anti-ACTH serum was diluted to 1 : 1,500-3,000. The 125I-alpha 1-24ACTH-antibody system was not affected by lysine-vasopressin (LVP), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), rat's pituitary LH, GH and prolactin. Human 1-39ACTH was used as ACTH standard, and the dilution curve of incubation medium was paralleled with the standard curve. Repeatability of immunoassayable ACTH within-assay was 174 +/- 5.0 pg/tube (CV = 2.9%). A log dose-relationship was observed between the amounts of stalk median eminence extracts (SME ; NIAMDD) added to the incubation medium and its ACTH releasing activities. The sensitivity of this assay method was at least 0.1 SME or 10 mU of LVP and AVP. Using this method, it found that LVP, AVP, norepinephrine (100 ng/ml200 ng/ml) and 5-hydroxytryptophane (1 mug/ml) had ACTH releasing activities but LH-RH, TRH, glucagon, dopamine, phentolamine, propranolol, haloperidol, prostaglandin E1 and indomethacin did not affect the release of ACTH.
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PMID:[In vitro assay for ACTH-releasing activity using ACTH radioimmunoassay: ACTH releasing activities by various drugs (author's transl)]. 18 1

The stimulating effect of different pituitary hormones on longitudinal bone growth was determined with tetracycline as intravital marker in hypophysectomized rats. Growth hormone was found to be the most effective growth stimulating pituitary hormone. At considerably higher doses, thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) and prolactin also showed growth stimulating pituitary hormone. At considerably higher doses, thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) and prolactin also showed growth stimulating activity. TSH exerts its effect via the production of thyroxine, whereas the growth stimulation by prolactin seems to be a direct effect of this hormone, similar to the effect of growth hormone. The LH, FSH, ACTH, MSH, vasopressin and oxytocin preparations did not stimulate longitudinal bone growth.
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PMID:Stimulation of longitudinal bone growth by hypophyseal hormones in the hypophysectomized rat. 19 Aug 39

The effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and indomethacin (IDM) on the release of several pituitary hormones from the rat pituitary were investigated in vitro. An addition of 2 microng/ml of PGE1 to the medium elicited the release of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin, but not of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Although the addition of 1 microng/ml of IDM alone resulted in no effect on the basal release of these hormones, IDM diminished the release of ACTH induced by crude rat hypothalamic extracts (HE) or lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP), and LH induced by HE or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). These findings implicate that a part of PGE1 action might be a direct one on the pituitary gland and PGE1 might release GH and prolactin, whereas IDM might have a direct action on the pituitary gland, and that blunt the release of these pituitary hormones induced by several stimuli.
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PMID:Effects of prostaglandin E1 and indomethacin on ACTH, prolactin, GH and LH from rat pituitary in vitro. 19 86

We have recently found that local anaesthetic, anti-malarial, anti-arrhythmic, tricyclic antidepressant and methyl xanthine compounds behave as prostaglandin antagonists at drug concentrations readily attainable in human body fluids. We have also found that various hormones, including prolactin, vasopressin and angiotensin when present in physiological concentrations can be potent stimulators of prostaglandin synthesis. Cortisol has no effect on basal prostaglandin systhesis but in physiological concentrations is able to reverse the effects of other hormones. The drugs are thought to act mainly by interfering with either calcium interactions with membranes, or with cyclic nucleotide synthesis or degradation or with nucleic acid function. We propose that prostaglandins play crucial roles at all three points. The hypothesis leads to new approaches to many aspects of cell regulation, to the functions of many systems, especially the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, renal and respiratory systems. It also has profound implications for drug design and evaluation and for the understanding of many clinical disorders.
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PMID:Roles of prostaglandins suggested by the prostaglandin agonist/antagonist actions of local anaesthetic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-malarial, tricyclic anti-depressant and methyl xanthine compounds. Effects on membranes and on nucleic acid function. 19 84

Two girls, one with septo-optic dysplasia and the other with posttraumatic brain damage, had the unusual combination of human growth hormone, thyrotropin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and vasopressin deficiencies that were associated with sexual precocity in one patient and early sexual maturation in the second patient, and of adult follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations. At autopsy, the first patient had optic nerve aplasia, a normal pituitary gland, and some disorganization of myelinated fibers in the hypothalamus. The second patient had a normal thyrotropin and prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, plus hyperphagia, deranged thirst mechanism, and temperature instability. These findings suggest that the lesion may be a defective hypothalamic regulation of pituitary hormone secretion. Congenital or traumatic hypothalamic-pituitary lesions may not affect all releasing factors or trophic hormones in a similar fashion.
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PMID:Sexual precocity with hypothalamic hypopituitarism. 22 32

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) activity in Sephadex G-25 fractions of porcine stalk median eminence (SME) extracts was examined in vivo by infusing these samples into a rat hypophyseal portal vessel. The increment of immunoreactive GH levels in the serum was used as the index for GH-RH activity. The GH-RH activities were found in two different locations: in the early fractions Nos. 3-4, and in somewhat retarded fraction No. 7. These GH-RH activities were not due to TRH, vasopressin, or potassium. The location of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) and prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PR-IH) determined in this in vivo system was in agreement with those found in other in vivo and in vitro assay systems for LH-RH and PR-IH, respectively. These results help validate this assay system.
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PMID:Assessment of GH releasing hormone activity in sephadex-separated fractions of porcine hypothalamic extracts by hypophyseal portal vessel infusion in the rat. 23 86

Synaptosomes isolated from the sheep and the rat hypothalamus contain corticotrophin releasing factor, vasopressin, prolactin-release inhibiting factor and probably all of the substances which participate in the regulation of adenohypophysial function. Electrical field stimulation or depolarizing concentrations (55 mmol/l) of potassium ions cause a release of these factors from the incubated nerve-endings in a calcium-dependent manner. It is suggested that synaptosomes may provide a valuable approach to the study of mechanisms involved in hypothalamic neurosecretion in vitro.
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PMID:Release of corticotrophin releasing factor and other hypophysiotropic substances from isolated nerve-endings (synaptosomes). 23 73


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