Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A child was reported here who has the hypoplastic optic nerve, absent septum pellucidum and endocrinological disorders. Growth hormone deficiency, antidiuretic hormone deficiency and mild hypothyroidism were observed. He has been treated with thyroid hormone and DDAVP.
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PMID:A case of septo-optic dysplasia. 10 48

Pre- and postoperative evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary function was performed in six children, aged 5.5 to 13.3 years with craniopharyngiomas. Before surgery growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was documented in four, hypothalamic hypothyroidism in three, and secondary ACTH-deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia in one patient. Diabetes insipidus was absent in all patients. After neurosurgical treatment GHD was present in all, hypothyroidism in five, ACTH-deficiency in three, hyperprolactinaemia in three, and diabetes insipidus in four children. The study shows that all endocrine functions tested may be defective even before surgery, although diabetes insipidus seems to be a rare preoperative complaint. Surgical intervention, however, often leads to additional endocrine disorders. From the data presented here one may suggest that TRH stimulation tests, evaluation of serum prolactin, and lysin-vasopressin stimulation tests are the most useful investigations to distinguish between hypothalamic and primary pituitary disorders.
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PMID:Pre- and postoperative evaluation of hypothalamo- pituitary function in children with craniopharyngiomas. 42 59

Fourteen patients undergoing transsphenoidal extirpation of craniopharyngiomas or Rathke's cysts underwent endocrinological evaluation before and after surgery. One patient died during the procedure because of uncontrollable arterial bleeding. The other patients were followed for up to 16 years (average, 8.5 years). One patient had recurrence of tumor 12 years after surgery. Another patient, the only one operated on because of a recurrent craniopharyngioma after previous radiation therapy, died 2 years after the transsphenoidal operation. No patient recovered pituitary functions that had been lost before surgery. One patient, who had an isolated growth hormone deficiency, and another, who had panhypopituitarism with sustained antidiuretic hormone secretion, had no change postoperatively from their preoperative endocrine status. The other 11 patients lost pituitary function and required pharmacological replacement of one to four pituitary hormones.
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PMID:Results of transsphenoidal extirpation of craniopharyngiomas and Rathke's cysts. 201 Dec 23

In 2 boys, aged 3 and 13 years, suffering from severe growth failure, endocrine evaluation showed growth hormone deficiency and central hypothyroidism without diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a transection of the pituitary stalk, and the presence of an ectopic neurohypophyseal nodule.
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PMID:[Growth hormone deficiency by transection of the pituitary stalk. Value of magnetic resonance imaging. Report of 2 cases]. 217 18

Seventeen patients with idiopathic diabetes insipidus occurring in childhood were observed from 4 to 26 years (mean duration 15 1/2 years). The diagnosis of idiopathic diabetes insipidus was based on routine clinical examination and careful, repeated neuroradiologic investigations. Anterior pituitary dysfunction was present in some of these patients. Growth hormone deficiency was present in six children, insufficient thyroid stimulating hormone secretion after thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation was demonstrated in one, and abnormal response to a metyrapone test in two. Elevated prolactin and TSH values were present in three and two patients, respectively. Some of these abnormalities were transitory. The presence of anterior pituitary dysfunction in idiopathic diabetes insipidus indicates that the destructive process is not localized to vasopressin synthesizing cells but may also involve other parts of the hypothalamus.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus in children. III. Anterior pituitary dysfunction in idiopathic types. 298 8

Using high-field-strength, 1.5-T, high-resolution MR, we identified the following complex of neurohypophyseal abnormalities in each of five pituitary dwarfs: (1) severe hypoplasia or total absence of the infundibulum; (2) absence of the posterior pituitary bright spot in its normal location; and (3) a 3-8-mm tissue nodule at the median eminence exhibiting lipidlike signal on T1-weighted images. On the basis of its signal features and the clinical absence of diabetes insipidus in these patients, the median eminence nodule appears to represent an ectopic and functional posterior pituitary gland. We propose that this anatomic derangement is the end result of a localized defect of developmental origin, possibly ischemic in nature, and involving principally the infundibular stem. Thus, human growth hormone deficiency could result from perinatal disruption of the peri-infundibular hypophyseal portal system, which in turn impairs anterior pituitary function through deprivation of direct delivery of crucial hypothalamic-releasing factors. Finally, we suggest that the trophic influence of continued axonal neurosecretion at the median eminence engages proliferation of rest cell pituicytes; a process that induces formation of an ectopic and functional posterior pituitary gland, complete with its characteristic bright spot.
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PMID:Posterior pituitary ectopia: an MR feature of pituitary dwarfism. 313 20

Optic nerve hypoplasia is a developmental anomaly of the retina and optic nerves in which there is a reduction in the number of ganglion cells in the retina and of their centripetal fibers projecting through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate body. The condition may be unilateral or bilateral and is frequently misdiagnosed as optic atrophy. In about 25% of cases, bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia is associated with a variety of cerebral malformations of which the commonest single disturbance is absence of the septum pellucidum (septo-optic dysplasia). Cerebral malformations and their endocrine accompaniments are also seen, though less frequently, in unilateral hypoplasia. The endocrine disturbances that may accompany optic nerve hypoplasia include growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and disturbances of antidiuretic hormone production. Precocious puberty and hypogonadism have also been observed. The prognosis of optic nerve hypoplasia depends upon the severity of the changes in the optic nerves and especially the degree of associated cerebral malformation. The finding of optic nerve hypoplasia should lead to thorough ophthalmologic, neurologic, and endocrinologic evaluation of the patient.
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PMID:Optic nerve hypoplasia: a review. 329 97

The records of 23 children with intrasellar and suprasellar neoplasms were reviewed for the results of endocrine evaluations before and after treatment with surgery, irradiation, and/or chemotherapy. Deficiency of at least one pituitary hormone was present in 13 patients before treatment and in 22 patients after treatment. Growth hormone deficiency, the most common endocrine abnormality in the pretreatment period, was present in 12 of 17 patients before treatment and in 17 of 21 patients after treatment. In the posttreatment period, thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency was as common as growth hormone deficiency and was found in 17 of 21 patients evaluated. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction and deficiencies of adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone also occurred in both the pretreatment and posttreatment periods, but were less common.
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PMID:Endocrine function in children with intrasellar and suprasellar neoplasms: before and after therapy. 721 82

Commercial preparations of vasopressin for the treatment of diabetes insipidus are not available in Mexico. Besides, the hormone is useless in the nephrogenic variety. In the department of Endocrinology at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico, a preparation containing hydrochlorothiazide, aminopyrine and potassium chloride, which reduces urinary volumes in about two thirds, is employed in all varieties of the disease. Growth in stature was investigated in 44 patients under treatment, attending the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic since 1967 for a period of 2 to 12 years. Clinical material included 29 males and 15 females. There were 23 idiopathic, 7 histiocytosis, 5 nephrogenic, 4 craniopharyngiomas, 2 psychogenic polydipsia, 2 traumatic and 1, as a sequel of tuberculous meningoencephalitis. Six idiopathic, 2 nephrogenic, 2 traumatic, 1 histiocytosis, and 1 psychogenic proceeded between percentiles 3 and 97, parallel to the nearest line of reference along the whole period of study. Two nephrogenic, 2 histiocytosis, 1 psychogenic, 1 post-meningoencephalitis and 14 idiopathic, grew below the third percentile, but parallel to it. One nephrogenic, 4 histiocytosis, 4 craniopharyngioma and 3 idiopathic progressively departed from the initial centile. Two of the latter had growth hormone deficiency, and 1 had been very irregularly treated. It is concluded that the therapy employed limits stature impairment but does not produce catch-up growth. Accordingly, it is proposed that the treatment of diabetes insipidus should be started as early as possible, and that if progress in stature is appreciably deteriorated, the presence of additional pathology should be suspected.
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PMID:[Growth in children with diabetes insipidus]. 747 Feb 64

The objective of this study was to review the characteristics of congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) in a series of 20 children seen between 1993 and 1996. The diagnosis was made by physical examination and computed tomography scan. A single central maxillary incisor was detected in 12 cases (60%). Three children had morphological abnormalities of the pituitary gland shown on magnetic resonance imaging. One child had an antidiuretic hormone deficiency, and another child had a growth hormone deficiency. Two children had craniosynostoses, 1 of which was Apert's syndrome. All patients underwent operation by a sublabial approach, and 1 was referred for a columellar necrosis after nasal stenting. After surgery, all patients showed improvement, and the nasal stenting was usually removed 1 week after surgery. Follow-up revealed normal breathing. In conclusion, CNPAS was previously considered to be an unusual cause of nasal obstruction in neonates and infants. The number of cases treated recently in our department suggests that this newly recognized entity is more common than expected.
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PMID:Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis: diagnosis and management of 20 cases. 1120 13


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