Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was assayed before and after surgery for lung cancers. The results showed that the plasma ADH in the control group was 11.6 +/- 4.8 pg/ml in contrast to higher levels in the lung cancer patients. The ADH level was highest in patients with small cell anaplastic cancer (SCAC), and in decreasing order, adenocarcinoma, mixed cell type carcinoma and lowest in squamous cell carcinoma. The ADH levels in all patients were reduced postoperatively from one week to three months when they approached the control level. One year later, ADH became elevated again in those who developed recurrence as compared with those clinically free of the disease. The difference was most significant in patients suffering from SCAC (P < 0.05-0.001). The authors believe that ADH assay may be useful in the diagnosis, assessment of treatment and monitor or prognosis in lung cancers.
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PMID:[Dynamic study on plasma antidiuretic hormone before and after surgery for lung cancers]. 133 92

We evaluated the effect of seven classes of neuropeptides [bradykinin, cholecystokinin 26-33 (CCK), neurotensin, arginine-8 vasopressin (AVP), tyr-4 bombesin (BN), somatostatin, and motilin] on 18 human lung cancer and four human breast cancer cell lines to determine the pattern of responses. Flow cytometric analysis of Indo-1 AM-loaded cells was used to quantitate the intracellular calcium response of individual cells produced by these peptides alone or in simultaneous or sequential combinations. All 18 lung cancer cell lines responded to one or more peptide classes with classic small cell lines displaying the greatest responsiveness, followed by variant small-cell lines and non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Breast cancer cell lines demonstrated little or no response to any peptide. There was great variability in the magnitude of response and pattern of response in individual cell lines and between cell lines. Bradykinin was the most potent peptide and produced responses in the largest number of lung cancer cell lines. Simultaneous administration of active peptides produced greater intracellular calcium release than single peptides, though in a less than additive manner. Response to each peptide was followed by a refractory period lasting several hours or more. The refractoriness was peptide-specific, implying that each peptide has a distinct pathway, at least at the receptor level. Bradykinin antagonists could abrogate the calcium response to bradykinin but not to other peptides. Similarly, specific peptide antagonists for CCK, BN, and AVP blocked the response for only their specific agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of neuropeptides on human lung and breast cancer cells. 138 87

While on combined modality induction therapy, 88 small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients were studied longitudinally for changes in circulating tumor-associated substances (TAS). Chemotherapy protocols were CAV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine), PE (cisplatin, etoposide), sequential CAV greater than PE and alternate CAV/PE. Sixty patients were given prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and 40 remitting patients were irradiated to the primary thoracic tumor. Of 73 evaluable patients, 43 had blood sampling adequate for analysis of treatment-related TAS fluctuations. Fourteen patients demonstrated 16 events of transient arginine-vasopressin surge following chemotherapy. In decreasing order of frequency, the surge occurred after the first (9), second (6) and third (1 event) course of chemotherapy. Three patients had a concomitant increase of one of the following markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin and neuron-specific enolase. Another patient showed an exclusive CEA surge. This group of patients (10 with limited, 4 with extensive disease) had a 93% objective response rate (57% complete, 36% partial) with a median duration of 9 months and a survival of 15 months. Five other patients, 2 with limited and 3 with extensive disease, showed a TAS surge after PCI. Their response was complete in 1 (8 months' duration) and partial in 3 cases (2, 4 and 4 months' duration, respectively) with a median survival lasting only 8 months. This study suggests that a chemotherapy-related TAS surge may be an early indicator of a favorable tumor response in SCLC.
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PMID:Circulating arginine-vasopressin, calcitonin, carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and beta-2 microglobulin fluctuations during combined modality induction therapy for small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Association of postchemotherapy AVP surge with high tumor response rate and durable remission. 164 82

A great deal of information has been accumulated on the synthesis and release of AVP, oxytocin, and their associated neurophysins under normal circumstances. In 1957, Schwartz and Bartter first described SIAD in patients with lung cancer and postulated that the clinical findings were the results of excessive vasopressin secretion. Tumors have been known since 1964 to produce vasopressin, and small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung is by far the most frequent malignant cause of SIAD. The biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of AVP and its associated neurophysin (and to a lesser extent, oxytocin and its neurophysin) is well described and is similar if not identical to the synthesis of these peptides in the hypothalamus. However, there is little reliable information on the control of peptide synthesis and release by these tumors. The clinical picture of SIAD is well described and occurs in 20% to 40% of patients with SCCL, although up to 88% of patients with extensive SCCL have elevated circulating levels of one or more neurohypophyseal peptides. This information has led to considerable interest in the use of these peptides as tumor markers for the diagnosis, evaluation, and assessment of therapy in these patients. With the recognition of the high incidence of secretion of neurohypophyseal peptides by SCCL, studies have been initiated to determine the value of radioactive vasopressin neurophysin antibodies in localizing tumors that synthesize these peptides. The studies provide potentially useful information in diagnosing and following patients with SCCL and also offer some promise that radiolabeled antineurophysins could eventually be used to treat these patients.
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PMID:Ectopic secretion of neurohypophyseal peptides in patients with malignancy. 193 17

Mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) L6 identifies an antigen expressed on the cell surface of many different human carcinomas. While studying the binding activity of mAb L6 to intracerebral tumor xenografts of human lung carcinoma LX-1 cells in nude rats using immunohistological techniques, we observed that L6 can also bind to a cytoplasmic antigen expressed in the magnocellular component of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. Double-labeling experiments with antisera to vasopressin and oxytocin confirmed the localization of L6 immunoreactivity within both peptide-containing cell groups. L6 immunoreactivity in Brattleboro rats (with genetic deletion in the vasopressin gene) was exclusively localized within oxytocin neurons. Oxytocin and vasopressin failed to block L6 staining which suggested that its target epitope resides within the neurophysin sequence, and this explanation was supported by the finding that adsorption of L6 with porcine neurophysin completely eliminated hypothalamic immunoreactivity. Western blot analysis of bovine neurophysin and human pituitary extracts identified L6-immunoreactive bands which corresponded to the position of neurophysin and pro-pressophysin, confirming that L6 immunoreactivity in hypothalamus is related to neurophysin. Thus, monoclonal antibody L6, which is highly reactive with a membrane antigen of human lung cancer cell line LX-1, recognizes a cytoplasmic epitope in hypothalamic neurons identified as neurophysin by immunohistochemistry and Western analysis.
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PMID:Identification of neurophysin immunoreactivity in hypothalamus by a monoclonal antibody to a carcinoma cell surface antigen. 211 32

Lung cancer is a major health problem, with over 38,000 new cases expected every year in West Germany. A more complete understanding of the biology of lung cancer will hopefully lead to therapeutic modalities. The possible autocrine growth regulation in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer has been demonstrated for bombesin/GRP, vasopressin, neurotensin, EGF/TGF alpha, transferrin-related peptides and insulin-like growth factors. This contribution concentrates on recent data concerning binding sites, growth promoting effects and secretion of IGFs in lung cancer cell lines. The production of IGF-binding proteins which were also produced by lung cancer cell lines modifies the autocrine/paracrine model for IGFs since then proteins can either enhance or inhibit the effect of IGFs on tumor growth.
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PMID:Growth regulation by insulin-like growth factors in lung cancer. 217 66

This study explored whether atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) might be involved in the escape from salt and water retention that occurs in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Sixteen patients with low serum Na+ concentrations [123 +/- 1 (+/- SE) mmol/L] were studied. Each patient excreted urine that was hyperosmolar (mean, 391 +/- 4 mosmol/kg) in relation to serum osmolality (mean, 258 +/- 4 mosmol/kg). Sodium excretion (81 +/- 20 mmol/L) also was inappropriate to the low serum Na+ level. The probable causes of SIADH were head trauma (4), pneumonia (5), lung cancer (3), and chlorpropamide therapy (4). In the nontumor patients, plasma and/or urinary vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were in the normal range, but inappropriate for serum osmolality. Urinary AVP values of 50 pg/mL or more (greater than 46 pmol/L) were found in the three tumor patients. The mean plasma ANH concentration was 6-fold higher than that in normal subjects [296 +/- 51 vs. 51 +/- 13 pg/mL (100 +/- 20 vs. 17 +/- 4 pmol/L); P less than 0.01]. Six SIADH patients were studied again after brief (1-3 days) water restriction. Although serum osmolality increased in each, their plasma AVP concentrations decreased very little, and urinary AVP excretion and plasma ANH did not change. These results indicate that plasma ANH levels are markedly increased in patients with SIADH. Their increased ANH secretion may antagonize water retention resulting from the inappropriate AVP secretion.
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PMID:Plasma atrial natriuretic hormone levels in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. 297 Apr 71

Review of clinical data from 350 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) revealed hyponatremia (sodium less than 130 mEq/L) attributable to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in 40 patients (11%). Although hyponatremia was severe in most instances (median, sodium 117 mEq/L), symptoms attributable to water intoxication were identified in only 27% of hyponatremic episodes. Development of SIADH showed no correlation with clinical stage, distribution of metastatic sites, sex, or histologic subtype of small-cell carcinoma. SIADH occurred most often with initial presentation (33 of 40), and resolved promptly (less than 3 weeks) with initiation of combination chemotherapy in 80% of evaluable patients. The presence of SIADH did not influence response to chemotherapy or overall survival as an independent variable. However, in five patients profound hyponatremia developed immediately following primary cytotoxic therapy (range, one to five days). Despite initial control of SIADH, dilutional hyponatremia recurred in 70% of patients with tumor progression. Our findings suggest that development of clinically demonstrable SIADH in patients with SCLC is dependent on functional properties of the neoplastic cells, rather than tumor burden or metastatic site. The potential for development of clinically significant hyponatremia early in the course of cytotoxic therapy emphasizes the need to closely monitor patients, particularly those receiving chemotherapy regimens requiring substantial intravenous hydration.
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PMID:The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in small-cell lung cancer. 301 6

Biochemical evidence suggests that ectopic hormone production is much more common than suspected clinically. The majority of lung carcinomas of oat cell or carcinoid type appear to synthesise ACTH and related peptides, calcitonin and less frequently, chorionic gonadotrophin and vasopressin. The primary amino acid sequences of ectopic hormones closely resemble their normal counterparts but ectopic hormone producing tumours contain greater proportions of high molecular weight, subunit and fragment forms than the normal gland of origin. Assays for ectopic hormones are clinically useful in diagnosis, tumour localisation, and monitoring patients with ectopic hormonal syndromes. Currently the clinical value of hormone assays in the routine management of common forms of malignancy in the absence of overt ectopic hormonal syndromes is unproven. However, better characterisation of hormonal forms relatively specific for neoplasia together with improved assay specificity and sensitivity may enhance the clinical value of ectopic hormones as tumour markers, particularly in malignancies which are commonly associated with ectopic hormone production (e.g. lung cancer).
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PMID:Ectopic hormones--biochemical aspects. 625 53

A 58-year-old man with bronchogenic oat cell carcinoma developed a typical syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The tumor tissue obtained at autopsy had been serially transplanted in nude mice for more than four years with 20 passages. The levels of vasopressin were remarkably increased in the plasma of nude mice bearing this tumor [24.4 +/- 18.3 (S.D.) pg/ml, n = 3] as well as in the tumor tissues ]134.3 +/- 72.2 ng/g, n = 3]. Furthermore, human nicotine-stimulated neurophysin was detected in both plasma and tumor tissues (7.4 +/- 3.7 ng/ml, n = 3, and 2.28 +/- 0.90 micrograms/g, n = 3, respectively). On ad libitum intake of water, nude mice bearing this tumor excreted significantly less urine with higher sodium concentration than did controls, but serum sodium concentrations did not differ from those of controls. When tumor-bearing mice were hydrated with 2 ml of water twice a day i.p., their diuretic response was found to be suppressed in parallel with the tumor size. However, these mice did not become hyponatremic because they drank less water. When a larger amount of water was loaded which could not be compensated by restriction of water drinking, serum sodium concentrations were markedly decreased. On the basis of these results, the lung cancer, when transplanted into nude mice, produced and secreted its own antidiuretic hormone, which induced inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in the mice. These mice may provide a useful experimental model for the study of excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone and associated pathophysiological disorders.
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PMID:Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in nude mice bearing a human bronchogenic oat cell carcinoma. 626 Mar 43


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