Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on water transport at arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus were examined using the isolated meninges preparations of cats. The meninges preparation, the superior sagittal sinus of which was opened at the midline of the outer surface, was held between two polyethylene tubes. The tubes were fixed vertically in the way that the opened surface of the sinus was directed downward and arachnoid surface upward. Water transport was determined by measuring the tritiated water dripping through the membrane preparation. Vasopressin from less than 50 to 500 muU/ml accelerated the water transport and this effect was dose-dependent. Cyclic AMP from 0.5 to 10 mM was proved to manifest the same effect as vasopressin. This effect of cyclic AMP appeared rapidly in comparison with that of vasopressin, suggesting that the effect of vasopressin may be manifested through cyclic AMP. From these findings a physiological role of vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid was discussed regarding the regulation of intracranial pressure.
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PMID:Effects of vasopressin and cyclic AMP on water transport at arachnoid villi of cats. 22 64

Primary cultures of neonatal murine brain have been reported to express multiple receptors that regulate adenylate cyclase activity. Since for the most part these results were obtained with mixed cell cultures, it has been difficult to define receptor profiles for specific cell types. With this concern in mind a series of studies has been initiated designed to identify specific receptors present on highly purified, immunocytochemically defined astroglia derived from the cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. In this study the capacity of a variety of peptide hormones to regulate cyclic AMP metabolism in these cells was examined. Fibroblasts derived from the meninges represent a predictable source of contamination in primary CNS culture. Thus, to assign more clearly specific receptors to the astroglial cell population, receptor-mediated regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation was also examined in fibroblasts. Cyclic AMP accumulation in astroglia was stimulated by catecholamines (acting at beta 1-adrenergic receptors), prostaglandin E1, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropin. Bombesin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, neurotensin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, secretin, and vasopressin did not significantly increase cyclic AMP levels in these cultures. Catecholamines, acting at alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, and somatostatin inhibited agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. In meningeal cell cultures catecholamines (acting at beta 2- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors) and prostaglandin E1 regulated cyclic AMP levels. However, vasoactive intestinal peptide did not stimulate and somatostatin did not inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation in these cells.
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PMID:Regulation of cyclic AMP accumulation by peptide hormone receptors in immunocytochemically defined astroglial cells. 620 41

We report an autopsy case of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system (GANS) complicated by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A 88-year old female was admitted because of progressive mental deterioration, fever, and vomiting. A computed tomogram disclosed bilateral periventricular lucency, and a low-density area in the right occipital lobe. Laboratory studies during her hospital stay, revealed hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and increased antidiuretic hormone. Treatment with antibiotics, hypertonic saline solution, and steroids, and water restriction was ineffective, and the patient died six weeks after admission. Autopsy examination of the brain revealed slightly turbid meninges with multiple small infarctions in the corona raiata of both cerebral hemispheres. Microscopic study disclosed granulomatous inflammation with many giant cells in the walls of small and medium sized vessels, and the adventitia and media were more involved than the intima. Their lumens were narrowed, and many thrombi were observed. Extensive non-granulomatous inflammatory change was found mainly in the subarachnoid space. All of these findings were similar to the GANS firstly reported by Cravioto et al, in 1959. Since the blood vessels in the central nervous system play an important part in any inflammatory conditions and the blood vessels may be involved by bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral meningitis, various microorganisms have been suspected as the cause of GANS, including mycoplasma, herpes zoster, herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, and human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Some reported cases have been associated with Hodgkin's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We could not identify any cause in our case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system complicated by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone]. 760 90

Following hypophysectomy the regenerating fibers of magnocellular neurons are known to establish new neurohemal connections with reorganized vasculatures in the median eminence, which lead to establishment of a posterior pituitary-like structure. In order to examine the role of the meninges (the pia mater and the arachnoid) in this regeneration process, we implanted the meningeal tissues obtained from neonatal rat pups into the third ventricle of the adult rats, and then hypophysectomized the host animals. Ten days after hypophysectomy, the meningeal tissue grafts were found to be densely innervated by regenerating vasopressin-immunoreactive fibers. Such fibers had dots and frequently formed large punctuations. On the contrary, few vasopressin fibers were found within the cortical tissue grafts. Further, the exposure of primary hypothalamic cell cultures to the medium conditioned by meningeal cell cultures promoted not only the survival of vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons but also the outgrowth and aborization of the neurites. The survivals of cortical and cerebellum neurons in culture were also promoted by the conditioned medium. These findings raise the possibility that the meninges play an important role in the axonal regeneration process after hypophysectomy.
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PMID:Meninges play a neurotrophic role in the regeneration of vasopressin nerves after hypophysectomy. 760 66

After traumatic brain injury, progesterone has important neuroprotective effects in the nervous system. There is better functional outcome and less oedema formation in pseudopregnant rat females (high levels of endogenous progesterone) than in males. In addition to intracellular progesterone receptors, membrane binding sites of the hormone such as 25-Dx may also be involved in neuroprotection. In the present study we investigated the distribution of the membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein 25-Dx in rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 25-Dx is particularly abundant in the hypothalamic area, circumventricular organs, and ependymal cells of the lateral walls of the third and lateral ventricles. A strong signal was also detected in the meninges. Double immunofluorescence immunolabelling and confocal microscopy showed that 25-Dx is co-expressed with vasopressin in neurones of the paraventricular, supraoptic and retrochiasmatic nuclei. Levels of 25-Dx expression were higher in pseudopregnant females than in males. After traumatic brain injury, 25-Dx expression was up-regulated in neurones and induced in astrocytes, which play an important role in regulating water and ion homeostasis. The expression of 25-Dx in structures involved in CSF production (choroid plexus) and in osmoregulation (circumventricular organs, hypothalamus and meninges), and its up-regulation after brain damage, point to a novel and potentially important role of this progesterone-binding protein in the maintenance of water homeostasis after traumatic brain injury.
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PMID:The membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein 25-Dx is expressed in brain regions involved in water homeostasis and is up-regulated after traumatic brain injury. 1593 50

Progesterone has neuroprotective effects in the injured and diseased spinal cord and after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition to intracellular progesterone receptors (PR), membrane-binding sites of progesterone may be involved in neuroprotection. A first putative membrane receptor of progesterone, distinct from the classical intracellular PR isoforms, with a single membrane-spanning domain, has been cloned from porcine liver. Homologous proteins were cloned in rats (25-Dx), mice (PGRMC1) and humans (Hpr.6). We will refer to this progesterone-binding protein as 25-Dx. The distribution and regulation of 25-Dx in the nervous system may provide some clues to its functions. In spinal cord, 25-Dx is localized in cell membranes of dorsal horn neurons and ependymal cells lining the central canal. A role of 25-Dx in mediating the protective effects of progesterone in the spinal cord is supported by the observation that its mRNA and protein are up-regulated by progesterone in dorsal horn of the injured spinal cord. In contrast, the classical intracellular PRs were down-regulated under these conditions. In brain, 25-Dx is particularly abundant in the hypothalamic area, circumventricular organs, ependymal cells of the ventricular walls, and the meninges. Interestingly, it is co-expressed with vasopressin in neurons of the paraventricular, supraoptic and retrochiasmatic nuclei. In response to TBI, 25-Dx expression is up-regulated in neurons and induced in astrocytes. The expression of 25-Dx in structures involved in cerebrospinal fluid production and osmoregulation, and its up-regulation after brain damage, point to a potentially important role of this progesterone-binding protein in the maintenance of water homeostasis after TBI. Our observations suggest that progesterone's actions may involve different signaling mechanisms depending on the pathophysiological context, and that 25-Dx may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of progesterone in the injured brain and spinal cord.
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PMID:The membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein 25-Dx: expression, cellular localization and up-regulation after brain and spinal cord injuries. 1761 91