Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin II (AII)-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in all parts of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) in the normal, colchicine-treated rat. The greatest concentration of cells was found in the posterior part of the magnocellular division of the nucleus, while scattered cells were found in all 5 parts of the parvocellular division. In comparison, the Brattleboro rat showed similar cell staining in parvocellular parts of the PVH, although a substantial decrease in the number of AII-stained cells was found in the magnocellular division. In the normal animal, fiber staining was evident in both laminae of the median eminence. This immunostaining was selectively enhanced in the internal lamina following water deprivation, and was selectively enhanced in the external lamina following adrenalectomy. The Brattleboro rat was similar to the normal animal with regard to staining of the external lamina, but, consistent with the diminished number of immunoreactive magnocellular neurons, little immunostaining in the internal lamina was detected. Unilateral lesions of the PVH selectively diminished staining of fibers and varicosities in the ipsilateral external lamina, while bilateral lesions virtually eliminated staining on both sides. The findings in the Brattleboro rat indicate that specific subpopulations of both parvocellular and magnocellular neurons in the PVH contain an antigen that is immunologically similar to synthetic AII and unrelated to vasopressin or its prohormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The distribution of angiotensin II-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the paraventriculo-hypophysial system of the rat. 389 94

Fluorescence histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate morphologic correlates of the relationship between catecholamine varicosities and vasopressin-containing perikarya in an animal model of vasopressin excess, the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mouse. Our results show hypertrophy and increased immunoreactivity in vasopressin neurons in these mice were accompanied by a marked increase in the density and to some extent the fluorescence intensity of catecholamine varicosities within the supraoptic nucleus. These results further support the concept of functional interactions between catecholamine and vasopressin neurons and raise the possibility that the target neuron, or one of its products, perhaps vasopressin, either exerts a trophic influence on the catecholamine innervation pattern of the supraoptic nucleus or enhances catecholamine content in existing fibers and terminals.
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PMID:Altered catecholamine innervation of the supraoptic nucleus in the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mouse. 390 37

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is used to treat esophageal variceal hemorrhage but has the drawbacks of rebleeding and reported coronary insufficiencies. In conscious dogs (n = 23) we compared AVP and an analog, triglycyl desamino lysine vasopressin (TDLVP), for arterial pressor responses and changes in regional blood flow. Dogs were infused with saline (n = 5), AVP (n = 7) or TDLVP (n = 7), and blood flow was measured with microspheres during control, infusion and postinfusion in 46 tissue sections including pieces of the esophagus, stomach, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, skin, muscle and brain. TDLVP (1.0 micrograms/kg/min) and AVP (0.025 micrograms/kg/min) produced a similar mean arterial pressure increase of 23 mm Hg and a heart rate decrease of 38 beats/min. TDLVP sustained the increase in mean arterial pressure and reduction in heart rate at 30 min postinfusion whereas AVP did not. Neither AVP nor TDLVP showed a reduction in brain, kidney or liver flow; however, both produced reductions (73 and 61%, respectively, P less than .01) in mucosal-esophageal flow. Only TDLVP reduced mucosal-fundus blood flow (P less than .01). Endocardial flow was reduced (27%) in both TDLVP and AVP groups; however, heart rate also decreased during this time and a linear correlation between these two measurements yielded a value for r2 of 0.83. Thus, TDLVP offers a therapeutic alternative to AVP in treating gastroesophageal varices due to its longer duration of action as represented by the sustained reduction in esophageal and mucosal-fundus flow.
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PMID:Regional blood flow changes in response to mildly pressor doses of triglycyl desamino lysine and arginine vasopressin in the conscious dog. 396 37

Immunocytochemical and radioautographic procedures were combined at the ultrastructural level to study the noradrenergic synaptic input to vasopressin neurons in selected portions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) of the rat. Radioactive norepinephrine (NE) was infused into the lateral ventricle or applied topically to the region of the PVN. After appropriate survival times, brain tissues were processed for ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of vasopressin using a monoclonal antibody. [3H]NE varicosities were detected by electron microscopic radioautography. In the periventricular zone of the PVN, radioactive varicosities were numerous accounting for 20-30% of all nerve terminals in this zones. These NE terminals primarily innervated dendritic processes of non-vasopressinergic neurons. Although an occasional axosomatic synapse was observed, input to vasopressin positive neurons was exclusively to their dendrites. In the lateral magnocellular sub-nucleus of the PVN (designed pvl2), noradrenergic terminals were fewer in number accounting for only 1-2% of the total. These terminals were found predominately but not exclusively making axodendritic synapses onto non-vasopressin processes. In both regions, many of the radiolabeled terminals had well-defined membrane appositions with their post-synaptic partners which included a synaptic cleft and post-synaptic density of varying thickness. In both the periventricular zone and the lateral magnocellular regions, noradrenergic varicosities were seen in close proximity to numerous blood vessels.
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PMID:The noradrenergic innervation of vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: an ultrastructural study using radioautography and immunocytochemistry. 397 16

In a randomised controlled trial the effect of intermittent bolus injection of triglycyl lysine vasopressin (terlipressin 'Glypressin') (2 mg that 6-hourly), an analogue of vasopressin, was compared with that of a constant peripheral intravenous infusion of vasopressin (0.4 units/Min) in the initial management of bleeding oesophageal varices in nineteen patients. Failure of vasopressin therapy was defined as continued bleeding of sufficient severity to necessitate the passage of a Sengstaken tube. Bleeding was controlled in 70% of patients treated with glypressin but in only 9% of patients given vasopressin. The glypressin group required significantly less blood after randomisation than the vasopressin group. Because of its efficacy, lack of side-effects, and ease of administration, glypressin appears to be valuable in the management of bleeding varices.
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PMID:Controlled trial of terlipressin ('Glypressin') versus vasopressin in the early treatment of oesophageal varices. 612 8

As medical treatment of haemorrhage from esophageal varices vasopressin is discussed. The analogue triglycyl-vasopressin has less side-effects and a longer plasma half-life. According to the first randomized study with only a small number of patients bleeding from varices triglycyl-vasopressin was superior to vasopressin. The efficacy of somatostatin to reduce splanchnic blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis is controversial. In a placebo-controlled trial propranolol prevented rebleeding from varices in patients with cirrhosis. However, beta-blockers should not be given to patients with advanced cirrhosis. Several controlled studies prove cimetidine not to be effective in ulcer bleeding. Somatostatin and secretin could be candidates for pharmacotherapy of haemorrhage from ulcers and erosions. In an own randomized and multicenter trial on 100 patients with stopped ulcer bleeding it was proven that the combination of the synergistically acting receptor antagonists cimetidine and pirenzepine prevent rebleeding significantly better than a prophylactic treatment of either cimetidine or pirenzepine alone. An improvement of mortality rates of upper gastrointestinal bleeding seems also to be possible by using such a combined prophylaxis. As prophylaxis of stress-ulcer bleeding cimetidine - recently ranitidine, too - and antacids are applied. Instead of a widely used enhancement of the doses of H2-blockers a combined application of H2-receptor antagonists and pirenzepine is also recommended in this indication which offers theoretical and practical advantages.
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PMID:[Drug therapy and prevention of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. 613 16

The distribution of vasopressin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, somatostatin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide-, 5-hydroxytryptamine- and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity was analyzed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of male and female golden hamsters. Vasopressin. Vasopressin-like immunoreactivity is localized within neurons, dendrites and axons throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Immunoreactive perikarya are restricted to the dorsomedial aspect of each nucleus and occur in highest numbers within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. Axons containing vasopressin-like immunoreactivity form a dense plexus in the dorsomedial suprachiasmatic nuclei and in a vertical column at the lateral aspect of each nucleus. Somatostatin. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity is also contained in neurons in the dorsomedial aspect of the suprachiasmatic nuclei and in thin varicose axons distributed throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei in a pattern similar to that of vasopressin-immunoreactive axons. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons are concentrated in the ventrolateral portion of each nucleus and occur almost exclusively within the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis. An extremely dense plexus of varicose axons exhibiting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity extends throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei and passes out of the dorsal aspect of each nucleus into the periventricular and anterior hypothalamic areas. Avian pancreatic polypeptide. Avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which arborize within the ventrolateral aspect of each nucleus. These fibers extend throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus and partially overlap the terminal field of retinal afferents. Glutamic acid decarboxylase. A very dense plexus of axonal varicosities exhibiting glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity fills both the dorsomedial and ventrolateral portions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei throughout the rostrocaudal extent of each nucleus. Lightly stained immunoreactive perikarya also occur throughout the suprachiasmatic nuclei. 5-Hydroxytryptamine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity is restricted to axons which form a plexus in the ventromedial portion of each nucleus that is most dense in the intermediate two-thirds of the rostrocaudal axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the golden hamster: immunohistochemical analysis of cell and fiber distribution. 615 Nov 47

Processes of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the rat supraoptic nucleus which project along the pial surface in the ventral glial lamina were investigated using immunocytochemistry, Golgi stains and electron microscopy. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that although both oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing processes were evident in the ventral glial lamina, vasopressin-containing processes predominated. Ventral processes were thicker and of a different morphology than dorsal axon-like processes which joined the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract and exhibited large varicosities along their length or at their apparent termination. Golgi stains revealed that classically defined dendrites of supraoptic neurons projected primarily ventrally and often invaded the ventral glial lamina. No axons were traced to the lamina. Ultrastructurally, processes within the ventral glial lamina characterized as dendrites could be stained immunocytochemically for neurophysin and were post-synaptic to a variety of presynaptic elements. The results suggest that many dendrites from magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus project to the ventral glial lamina and form a restricted, receptive plexus. The previously demonstrated coexistence of catecholamine-containing varicosities and other axon types with these processes in the lamina indicates an important role for supraoptic dendrites in integrating a wide variety of information relevant to neurohypophysial hormone release.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical, Golgi and electron microscopic characterization of putative dendrites in the ventral glial lamina of the rat supraoptic nucleus. 617 23

The distribution of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of four mammalian species was studied with the use of the modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and antisera to serotonin and vasopressin. In the SCN of the rat, hamster and cat, we noted a large number of serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers particularly in the ventral area, where these fibers containing small varicosities (less than 1 micron in diameter) formed a dense plexus. In the monkey (Macaca fuscata), however, only few serotonin-containing fibers were evident throughout the SCN. Vasopressin-immunoreactive somata and fibers were distributed in large numbers in the SCN of the rat, hamster, cat and monkey, especially in the dorsal nuclear area. Regional and species-related differences of serotonin- and vasopressin distribution in the SCN were elucidated; possible functional differences between the ventral and dorsal areas of the SCN are discussed.
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PMID:Identification of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of four mammalian species. 635 76

The ontogenetic development of the noradrenergic innervation of the supraoptic nucleus was studied in the Brattleboro rat at late postcoital and early postnatal ages. This genetic mutant offers a useful model for analysis of neuronal development because of the absence of a specific peptide component of identifiable target neurons and has been used presently to eliminate the possibility that such substances are essential for the establishment of normal connectivity during postnatal development. In this model, catecholamine varicosities were seen in juxtaposition to vasopressin-deficient perikarya during the initial phases of postnatal development, but these varicosities gradually decreased in number suggesting the possibility that the target neuron peptide, or some functional aspect of the neuron, may be necessary for the normal maintenance of this neuronal interaction.
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PMID:Development of the catecholamine innervation of the supraoptic nucleus in the Brattleboro rat. 648 52


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