Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A relationship between acute psychosis, water ingestion, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has been reported. This syndrome was observed in a psychotic patient who ingested massive amounts of water and became symptomatically hyponatremic with seizures. Although he had been taking haloperidol, the SIADH responded to fluid restriction alone. SIADH was clearly established, and a temporal relationship to his acute exacerbation of psychosis and polydipsia could be shown. This case illustrates that psychosis, polydipsia, and SIADH are often associated as a triad, and that psychiatric history must be considered in the evaluation of this syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Acute psychosis, polydipsia, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 662 81

A man taking haloperidol presented with psychosis, polydipsia, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A water-loading test indicated that haloperidol did not cause the SIADH. In patients taking haloperidol or other neuroleptics associated with SIADH who develop psychosis, polydipsia, and complications of SIADH such as hyponatremia, water loading may be helpful in adjusting psychotropic medications so as to control psychosis while avoiding the complications of hyponatremia.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of SIADH in psychosis with a water-loading test: case report. 669 62

Demeclocycline, a competitive inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone at renal tubules, was studied in a patient with the syndrome of psychosis, psychogenic polydipsia, and episodic water intoxication. Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions, demeclocycline substantially reduced the severity and frequency of hyponatremic episodes.
 ...
PMID:Demeclocycline in the prophylaxis of self-induced water intoxication. 680 40

Twenty psychotic patients with psychogenic polydipsia had hyponatremia (98 to 124 mEq/L) lasting up to 28 months, with headache, hypertension, dementia, seizures, lethargy, and coma. Two deaths also may be attributed to this syndrome. Patients drank 7 to 43 L of water daily. Urine was dilute during this water load (37 to 95 mOsm/kg), and free water clearance ranged from 12 to 36 L/day, while plasma osmolality was 236 to 244 mOsm/kg. During fluid deprivation in seven such patients, urinary osmolality exceeded plasma osmolality when plasma concentration had risen to between 242 and 272 mOsm/kg, thus suggesting a "reset osmostat" or antidiuretic hormone response to nonosmotic stimuli. This tended to sustain hyponatremia. Polydipsia should be recognized as a cause of hyponatremia, perhaps with reset osmostat. This ultimately may cause dementia or death, possibly secondary to recurrent cerebral edema. This sequence of events is potentially preventable or correctable.
 ...
PMID:Hyponatremia in psychogenic polydipsia. 745 96

Two groups of variables, endocrine and clinical, have been reported to have predictive value in determining response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in depressed patients. Baseline levels of oxytocin associated neurophysin (OAN) and peak OAN response to ECT may predict clinical outcome, while the presence of delusional symptoms may indicate favourable initial response to ECT. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between these variables on initial and longer term response over a course of ECT, using a direct measure of plasma oxytocin concentrations. A substantial and immediate increase in oxytocin was seen after the first ECT, with significantly attenuated responses after the third and fifth ECTs. Increased plasma vasopressin concentrations were seen after all ECT treatments, each response being of similar magnitude. No associations were found between either endocrine baseline levels or peak responses, and clinical outcome. Only clinical variables predicted outcome, as patients with psychotic symptoms had more rapid initial response to ECT, and patients who had relapsed 2 months after the end of ECT had significantly higher depression ratings at day 14 of treatment than treatment responders.
 ...
PMID:Neuroendocrine and clinical effects of electroconvulsive therapy and their relationship to treatment outcome. 799 37

The neurohypophyseal peptides vasopressin and oxytocin have a variety of well documented behavioural effects. Accordingly, terminals and receptors that respectively contain or bind these peptides have been identified throughout the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental animals. In this study we have mapped the distribution of neurophysin I and II-immunoreactive structures in the human CNS. Neurophysins are portions of the precursor proteins for vasopressin and oxytocin, and are found specifically in structures that contain these peptides. In addition, we have quantitatively compared neurophysin neurons and fibers in the brains of individuals with no history of neurologic or psychiatric abnormality, and in brains of patients dying with psychotic illness categorized as schizophrenia. These latter brains were collected prior to the advent of pharmacologic treatment and were available from the Vogt collection. Our findings show wide variations of morphometric values obtained for neurophysin-stained structures in different CNS regions in normal subjects, but provide evidence for abnormal values in certain brain areas in untreated schizophrenia, in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, internal pallidal segment and substantia nigra. These findings suggest that the function of vasopressin and/or oxytocin may be disturbed in these brain regions in schizophrenia. Further investigation will be required to establish whether these differences contribute to, or are a consequence of the disease mechanism.
 ...
PMID:Morphometric evaluation of neurophysin-immunoreactivity in the human brain: pronounced inter-individual variability and evidence for altered staining patterns in schizophrenia. 822 77

Antidepressant-induced hyponatraemia, while relatively uncommon, is an important clinical problem with serious consequences. Most antidepressants have been associated with hyponatraemia. Although the exact mechanism by which abnormalities of serum sodium level are produced is not known, most of the patients described in case reports meet the accepted criteria for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Symptoms of hyponatraemia can mimic depression or psychosis, so awareness of this syndrome and periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes are important for early recognition. Stopping the medication and assuring normal extracellular fluid volume are the mainstay of treatment; rarely, intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline is required. After correcting the metabolic abnormalities, options for treatment of depression include: rechallenging with the same medication or initiating another antidepressant while carefully monitoring serum sodium level, or considering electroconvulsive therapy, if warranted by the clinical condition.
 ...
PMID:Antidepressant-induced hyponatraemia in the aged. Avoidance and management strategies. 873 26

Acute symptomatic hyponatraemia is a life-threatening emergency which must be diagnosed and treated promptly. The initial symptoms are often dramatic, with seizures and coma, and there is therefore a risk that the diagnosis and the urgent sodium correction therapy may be delayed by procedures such as computed tomography (CT) of the brain. As the most common aetiological factors are psychotic polydipsia and different iatrogenic causes, this condition usually develops in hospitalised patients. Water intoxication alone is very unlikely to cause severe hyponatraemia in a person with normal renal function, unless for some reason the antidiuretic hormone secretion is increased. We describe a case in which dehydration due to common gastroenteritis in combination with excessive intake of water caused the death of a young, previously healthy woman. Increased awareness of this potentially fatal condition is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Fatal hyponatraemic brain oedema due to common gastroenteritis with accidental water intoxication. 947 92

Psychotropic drugs, as well as some psychiatric disorders, can produce neurotoxic and life-threatening abnormalities of water and electrolyte balance that require prompt and appropriate medical intervention. Compulsive fluid intake by psychotic patients (primary polydipsia) can produce delirium due to water intoxication with hyponatremia. Several psychotropic drugs cause water retention by decreasing renal clearance, as in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Lithium and other agents interfere with renal resorption of water to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Clinical signs in these disorders range from lethargy and confusion to stupor, seizures, coma, and death. This overview provides a conceptual framework for differentiating among and safely managing these relatively common disorders.
 ...
PMID:Primary and drug-induced disorders of water homeostasis in psychiatric patients: principles of diagnosis and management. 1037 Apr 44

We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with lupus psychosis, who showed prolonged consciousness disturbance due to hyperosmolality. A 51-year-old Japanese woman with SLE was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of consciousness disturbance on March 5, 1994. She had not been given prednisolone since 1984, and had been depressive since January 1994. She was diagnosed as active SLE with lupus psychosis due to the presence of thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, positive anti-nuclear antibody (x10,240) as well as the elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 level. A treatment with methylprednisolone (mPL) 100 mg/day was started along with 2 courses of steroid pulse therapy (mPL 1 g/day for 3 consecutive days). She recovered partially from the central nervous system manifestations with a decrease in CSF IL-6 level 2 weeks after this treatment. However, her consciousness level was exacerbated again thereafter. Blood examination disclosed the elevation of plasma osmolality (319 mOsm/kg) with poor responses of plasma antidiuretic hormone (4.6 pg/ml). She died from systemic aspergillosis on April 26, 1994. Pathological examination on autopsy showed no abnormality in hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It is suggested that this patient was complicated with lupus psychosis as well as hyporesponsiveness of osmoreceptor. Rheumatologists should be aware of this complication in patients with CNS lupus as a possible cause for intractable CNS manifestations.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperosmolality in central nervous system lupus as a possible complication that results in prolonged consciousness disturbance]. 1112 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>